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2018年07月21日
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 11
3.2 Feelings and behavior viewed from Hygiene
Ogai researched hygiene in medicine. He published “Hygienic general drift” from the publisher Hakubunkan in 1907 and collected the research content in Germany from a standpoint of population health. Population health is the learning stemming from the knowledge, theory and technology to retain human health. It consists of personal hygiene and collective hygiene, and individual persons and regional groups are the subject of study. Here I search external and internal factors of diseases and connect the feelings to the behavior.
There is very few hygienic statistics from the Meiji period, but “Hygienic general drift” describes the development, number of patients, number of deaths, cause of infection and the prevention method and so on regarding epidemic diseases at the time. On the other hand, current hygiene promotes health activities efficiently based on scientific evidence such as hygienic statistics. Health maintenance needs to understand the pathogeny to prevent the cause.
For example, what does stress arise from? People have homeostasis which consists of autonomic nerve to adjust the body’s action, endocrine secretion of hormone and immunity to protect the body from foreign matters. People’s mental activity is considered a disease status when these three functions lose balance. Therefore, the systems don’t interact properly with each other causing the hypothalamic area of the brain to excessively receives stressors, and the orders don’t transfer throughout the whole body.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳
Ogai researched hygiene in medicine. He published “Hygienic general drift” from the publisher Hakubunkan in 1907 and collected the research content in Germany from a standpoint of population health. Population health is the learning stemming from the knowledge, theory and technology to retain human health. It consists of personal hygiene and collective hygiene, and individual persons and regional groups are the subject of study. Here I search external and internal factors of diseases and connect the feelings to the behavior.
There is very few hygienic statistics from the Meiji period, but “Hygienic general drift” describes the development, number of patients, number of deaths, cause of infection and the prevention method and so on regarding epidemic diseases at the time. On the other hand, current hygiene promotes health activities efficiently based on scientific evidence such as hygienic statistics. Health maintenance needs to understand the pathogeny to prevent the cause.
For example, what does stress arise from? People have homeostasis which consists of autonomic nerve to adjust the body’s action, endocrine secretion of hormone and immunity to protect the body from foreign matters. People’s mental activity is considered a disease status when these three functions lose balance. Therefore, the systems don’t interact properly with each other causing the hypothalamic area of the brain to excessively receives stressors, and the orders don’t transfer throughout the whole body.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳
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Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 10
◎Inducement
Feelings
1. Zushio was identified as the heir of Taira-no Masauji. (delight)
2. He inquired about his father’s well-being, but found out that his father was dead. (sorrow)
3. He embraced his mother after a long absence. (delight)
Behavior
1. Morozane put a crown on laicized Zushio. The emotion to approach the behavior to someone who satisfied the desire is manifested in Zushio.
2. Zushio grieved heavily. Here the helplessness emotion is derived from the frustrated feeling of separation from his father.
3. The emotion to approach the behavior to someone who satisfied the desire is manifested in Masamichi and his mother.
◎Awe
Feelings
1. Masamichi (Zushio) became a provincial governor. (responsibility)
Behavior
1. He built a nun’s temple for his sister and took a trip to Sado island to search for his mother. This is his commitment to his mother and sister.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Feelings
1. Zushio was identified as the heir of Taira-no Masauji. (delight)
2. He inquired about his father’s well-being, but found out that his father was dead. (sorrow)
3. He embraced his mother after a long absence. (delight)
Behavior
1. Morozane put a crown on laicized Zushio. The emotion to approach the behavior to someone who satisfied the desire is manifested in Zushio.
2. Zushio grieved heavily. Here the helplessness emotion is derived from the frustrated feeling of separation from his father.
3. The emotion to approach the behavior to someone who satisfied the desire is manifested in Masamichi and his mother.
◎Awe
Feelings
1. Masamichi (Zushio) became a provincial governor. (responsibility)
Behavior
1. He built a nun’s temple for his sister and took a trip to Sado island to search for his mother. This is his commitment to his mother and sister.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 9
After that, Masamichi became a provincial governor and promoted a priest named Donmyo, because the priest helped him go to Kyoto. And he warmly consoled the spirit of his deceased sister and built a nun’s temple at the tip of the cape where Anju casted herself into the waters. Masamichi devoted himself to his country, and he took a trip to Sado island to search for his mother, showing strong commitment to his mother and sister. I regard this as his personal awe.
He arrived at Sado island and peeped out the hedge of a large farm house. A clipped millet was hanging outside and an elderly woman chased the sparrows picking up the food. She was visually impaired, so Masamichi watched anxiously. She was singing “I miss Anju and Zushio so much”. She was in fact his mother. Masamichi was trying to hold it in, but could not any longer. He rushed into the hedge, pressed his charm on his forehead, and lay on his stomach in front of his mother. She understood at this point that it wasn’t sparrows. Tears started to fill his mother’s eyes and then her eyes opened. They embraced each other as she cried “Zushio”.
Here is the emotion to show the approach behavior to someone who satisfies their desire. It is within Masamichi and his mother. The emotion is disposed to impel someone into action in this way. Therefore, I can make a synergic metaphor like “Ogai and feelings” by seeing the emotion not as the state of mind, but as the brain activity.
Emotion is tied closely to the cerebral limbic system inside the brain. The amygdala plays a crucial role, and the hypothalamic area and the central substance of the midbrain are also concerned in the expression of the emotion. For example, the response of the autonomic nervous system associated with emotion (heart rate, breathing, change of blood pressure) and the response associated with behavior (freezing and escape to fear, angry attack) are triggered. In other words, gray matter systems such as the amygdala-hypothalamic-periaqueductal is the area of the brain associated with emotion.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
He arrived at Sado island and peeped out the hedge of a large farm house. A clipped millet was hanging outside and an elderly woman chased the sparrows picking up the food. She was visually impaired, so Masamichi watched anxiously. She was singing “I miss Anju and Zushio so much”. She was in fact his mother. Masamichi was trying to hold it in, but could not any longer. He rushed into the hedge, pressed his charm on his forehead, and lay on his stomach in front of his mother. She understood at this point that it wasn’t sparrows. Tears started to fill his mother’s eyes and then her eyes opened. They embraced each other as she cried “Zushio”.
Here is the emotion to show the approach behavior to someone who satisfies their desire. It is within Masamichi and his mother. The emotion is disposed to impel someone into action in this way. Therefore, I can make a synergic metaphor like “Ogai and feelings” by seeing the emotion not as the state of mind, but as the brain activity.
Emotion is tied closely to the cerebral limbic system inside the brain. The amygdala plays a crucial role, and the hypothalamic area and the central substance of the midbrain are also concerned in the expression of the emotion. For example, the response of the autonomic nervous system associated with emotion (heart rate, breathing, change of blood pressure) and the response associated with behavior (freezing and escape to fear, angry attack) are triggered. In other words, gray matter systems such as the amygdala-hypothalamic-periaqueductal is the area of the brain associated with emotion.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 8
3.1 “Sansho the Bailiff” (1915)
Anju and Zushio separated from their mother while traveling to visit their father. But they joined forces and finally Zushio conveyed alone the commitment to his parents, and those who had helped him. I regard this commitment as “from the outside to the inside”. Therefore, the brain activity of Ogai becomes an inducement.
Anju and Zushio worked as the servants of Sansho the Bailiff who lived in Yura. But their hearts for their parents grew fonder. One day, they came out together to gather firewood. Preliminarily, Anju said to Zushio that he should go to his father in Chikushi by himself and then visit Sado to meet his mother. Zushio ended up heading to Kyoto alone, and Anju drowned herself.
Zushio became a priest, and stayed at Kiyomizu temple in Higashiyama, Kyoto. He was fortunate. He informed the background of this matter to the chief adviser Morozane. Zushio was identified as the heir of Taira-no Masauji and he got a nice welcome as a guest to the house of Morozane. Morozane put a crown on laicized Zushio. The emotion to show the approach behavior to someone who satisfied his desire was manifested in Zushio.
When Zushio came of age, he became known as Masamichi. He inquired about his father’s well-being in Chikushi, but he came to learn that his father was dead and grieved heavily. The physiological state of the body is tied very closely to the emotional state. Masamichi was so sad, tears came to his eyes and he cried convulsively. Here the helpless emotion is derived from the frustrated feeling of the separation from his father.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Anju and Zushio separated from their mother while traveling to visit their father. But they joined forces and finally Zushio conveyed alone the commitment to his parents, and those who had helped him. I regard this commitment as “from the outside to the inside”. Therefore, the brain activity of Ogai becomes an inducement.
Anju and Zushio worked as the servants of Sansho the Bailiff who lived in Yura. But their hearts for their parents grew fonder. One day, they came out together to gather firewood. Preliminarily, Anju said to Zushio that he should go to his father in Chikushi by himself and then visit Sado to meet his mother. Zushio ended up heading to Kyoto alone, and Anju drowned herself.
Zushio became a priest, and stayed at Kiyomizu temple in Higashiyama, Kyoto. He was fortunate. He informed the background of this matter to the chief adviser Morozane. Zushio was identified as the heir of Taira-no Masauji and he got a nice welcome as a guest to the house of Morozane. Morozane put a crown on laicized Zushio. The emotion to show the approach behavior to someone who satisfied his desire was manifested in Zushio.
When Zushio came of age, he became known as Masamichi. He inquired about his father’s well-being in Chikushi, but he came to learn that his father was dead and grieved heavily. The physiological state of the body is tied very closely to the emotional state. Masamichi was so sad, tears came to his eyes and he cried convulsively. Here the helpless emotion is derived from the frustrated feeling of the separation from his father.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 7
3 The brain activity of Ogai is “feelings”
The feelings of animals are divided into emotion and awe. The former is the instinct which each animal has inherently and can be objectively seen from animal testing, and the latter is the feelings unique to human beings and can be subjectively dealt with. If we take a temporal view of them, emotion is instantaneous feelings and awe is continual feelings. As everybody knows, emotions such as delight, anger, sorrow and pleasure are contained on both sides.
The feelings present in the article are placed in a column (for the database) of “Sansho the Bailiff” to examine the study of literature objectively.
There are different stories about the ascription of emotion. One of them is the physical reaction of internal factors (emergence) and external factors (inducement). The historical novels of Ogai can be also divided into two groups like emergence and inducement. The former includes “The Abe Family” (1913) and “Jingoro Sahashi” (1913), the latter includes “Lady Yasui” (1914) and “Sansho the Bailiff” (1915). The flow of thought is also associated with any action.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
The feelings of animals are divided into emotion and awe. The former is the instinct which each animal has inherently and can be objectively seen from animal testing, and the latter is the feelings unique to human beings and can be subjectively dealt with. If we take a temporal view of them, emotion is instantaneous feelings and awe is continual feelings. As everybody knows, emotions such as delight, anger, sorrow and pleasure are contained on both sides.
The feelings present in the article are placed in a column (for the database) of “Sansho the Bailiff” to examine the study of literature objectively.
There are different stories about the ascription of emotion. One of them is the physical reaction of internal factors (emergence) and external factors (inducement). The historical novels of Ogai can be also divided into two groups like emergence and inducement. The former includes “The Abe Family” (1913) and “Jingoro Sahashi” (1913), the latter includes “Lady Yasui” (1914) and “Sansho the Bailiff” (1915). The flow of thought is also associated with any action.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 6
1 While analyzing each sentence, I pursue the intellectual property of the selected author. For example, I select a simple reading sample like the writing style at the stage of acceptance, and look for heterogeneous C concerning the intellectual property at the stage of synergy. This is performed in steps 2 and 3.
2 I make a comparison table to get a comprehensive image.
3 I make a combination from the text analysis. For example, Thomas Mann is “irony and fuzzy” and Luxun is “ma-ma-fu-fu (leisurely) and memory” and Ogai Mori is “feeling and behavior” and Nadaine Gordimer is “space and time”. If I couldn’t find any combination, I start over from step 1.
4 I confirm the former and the latter of cognitive process.
5 I consider the flow of the situation in the text, and divide the problem-solving scenario into resolved or unresolved.
6 The resolved scene arrives at heterogeneous C, then returns to the analytic image. The brain activity of an author is strong when faced with a problem-solving scenario.
7 The theme is “risk avoidance and decision-making” which an expert in a given area imagines. I will make a point of the risk avoidance when a problematic situation arises (emergency landing, emergency medical care, stock market and earthquake disaster etc.) to connect to the generative image. I then consider the decision-making of the author from there.
8 I can make a synergic metaphor that is seen as the brain activity of an author. “Gordimer and motivation” is an ensemble of combinations based on the synergy of a text and the macro method (considering the literature). This method incorporates the study of global scale and the shift of format of literary analysis.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
2 I make a comparison table to get a comprehensive image.
3 I make a combination from the text analysis. For example, Thomas Mann is “irony and fuzzy” and Luxun is “ma-ma-fu-fu (leisurely) and memory” and Ogai Mori is “feeling and behavior” and Nadaine Gordimer is “space and time”. If I couldn’t find any combination, I start over from step 1.
4 I confirm the former and the latter of cognitive process.
5 I consider the flow of the situation in the text, and divide the problem-solving scenario into resolved or unresolved.
6 The resolved scene arrives at heterogeneous C, then returns to the analytic image. The brain activity of an author is strong when faced with a problem-solving scenario.
7 The theme is “risk avoidance and decision-making” which an expert in a given area imagines. I will make a point of the risk avoidance when a problematic situation arises (emergency landing, emergency medical care, stock market and earthquake disaster etc.) to connect to the generative image. I then consider the decision-making of the author from there.
8 I can make a synergic metaphor that is seen as the brain activity of an author. “Gordimer and motivation” is an ensemble of combinations based on the synergy of a text and the macro method (considering the literature). This method incorporates the study of global scale and the shift of format of literary analysis.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 5
D Process of a synergic metaphor
1 I choose an author through intellectual property. → 2 I make a comparison table between contrastive linguistics. → 3 I make a combination from the analytic information. The linguistic analysis consists of syntax and semantics. → 4 The model of cognitive science is wholly applied to the process of L. The former is the linguistic analysis and the latter is the information analysis. → 5 I confirm a resolved and/or unresolved issue. → 6 The resolved scenario moves along Model L and arrives at C, goes around the body, then returns to the analytic image. → 7 While evaluating the risk avoidance of an expert in each area, I can assume the decision-making ability of an author. → 8 Focusing on the presence of a resolved problem, I consider the synergy of some text.
1, 2 and 3 are the process of acceptance reading, while 4 is the former and the latter of cognitive science, 5 and 6 ties the image together with heterogeneous C, 7 looks for the brain activity of an author, and 8 arrives at a synergic metaphor.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
1 I choose an author through intellectual property. → 2 I make a comparison table between contrastive linguistics. → 3 I make a combination from the analytic information. The linguistic analysis consists of syntax and semantics. → 4 The model of cognitive science is wholly applied to the process of L. The former is the linguistic analysis and the latter is the information analysis. → 5 I confirm a resolved and/or unresolved issue. → 6 The resolved scenario moves along Model L and arrives at C, goes around the body, then returns to the analytic image. → 7 While evaluating the risk avoidance of an expert in each area, I can assume the decision-making ability of an author. → 8 Focusing on the presence of a resolved problem, I consider the synergy of some text.
1, 2 and 3 are the process of acceptance reading, while 4 is the former and the latter of cognitive science, 5 and 6 ties the image together with heterogeneous C, 7 looks for the brain activity of an author, and 8 arrives at a synergic metaphor.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 4
Analytic combinations Bottom up and top down
Description The way to move from specialized information to overall image, and vice versa.
Analytic combinations Theory and practice
Description This method of analysis is applied to all research areas. With regards to the linguistic analysis, for instance, the logical grammar of Montague is the theory, and the training of translation is the practice.
Analytic combinations General and special
Description A “general understanding” and a “special interpretation” is formed by analyzing a piece of literary work. The former is considered acceptance, and the latter is considered synergy.
Analytic combinations Linguistic information and non-verbal information
Description The former is the information that is transferred through languages; the latter is non-verbal information including feelings, thought, and judgment
Analytic combinations Strong and weak
Description The level of components does not have to be equal. When one sets both elements to strong, it is difficult to develop the theme because one persists in the same combination.
Taking these combinations in consideration I wrote an introduction to analyzing literature by examining “The magic mountain” of Thomas Mann.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Description The way to move from specialized information to overall image, and vice versa.
Analytic combinations Theory and practice
Description This method of analysis is applied to all research areas. With regards to the linguistic analysis, for instance, the logical grammar of Montague is the theory, and the training of translation is the practice.
Analytic combinations General and special
Description A “general understanding” and a “special interpretation” is formed by analyzing a piece of literary work. The former is considered acceptance, and the latter is considered synergy.
Analytic combinations Linguistic information and non-verbal information
Description The former is the information that is transferred through languages; the latter is non-verbal information including feelings, thought, and judgment
Analytic combinations Strong and weak
Description The level of components does not have to be equal. When one sets both elements to strong, it is difficult to develop the theme because one persists in the same combination.
Taking these combinations in consideration I wrote an introduction to analyzing literature by examining “The magic mountain” of Thomas Mann.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 3
2.2 Training of synergy
I consider combination ensembles as a form of training of synergy because the research object of synergy consists from various combinations. For example, a movement synergy consists in many combinations like opening or closing the hand or flexing or extending the elbow and so on. Therefore, I will make various combinations for synergic research. In this paper, I will examine the following three steps as the process of forming combinations.
A Synergic combinations
This group includes for example; society and system, society and welfare, law and technology (patent), management and engineering, financial engineering, software and hardware, medical and counseling, culture and nourishment, and arts and information (corpus, parser, translation memory, quantitative linguistics and literature and database) and so on. To do a Model L for arts and science, I select one of the above mentioned combinations. This is the first stage of synergic effect.
B Thematic combinations
One needs to make many combinations such as; humanity and brain science, micro and macro, contrastive linguistics or literature and comparative linguistics or literature, the East and the West etc., to make a theme leading to Model L. Micro means any major subject and macro regards the global scale and the shift of format as the evaluation item because the condition falls under everyone even if one majors in any subjects. For synergic study, it is important to maintain a fine balance.
“Thomas Mann and fuzzy” is the combination of German and artificial intelligence and “Luxun and chaos” is the combination of Chinese and memory or mental disorder. There are the combinations of Western and Eastern studies or roman and novels. The combination of literature and calculating such as logic and statistics is based on such accommodation.
C Analytic combinations
Moreover, in order to exhaustively analyze the selected themes, I would have to further formulate combinations. I will devise a way to create categories, such as bottom up and top down, theory and practice, general and special, linguistic and non-verbal information, strong and weak and so on.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
I consider combination ensembles as a form of training of synergy because the research object of synergy consists from various combinations. For example, a movement synergy consists in many combinations like opening or closing the hand or flexing or extending the elbow and so on. Therefore, I will make various combinations for synergic research. In this paper, I will examine the following three steps as the process of forming combinations.
A Synergic combinations
This group includes for example; society and system, society and welfare, law and technology (patent), management and engineering, financial engineering, software and hardware, medical and counseling, culture and nourishment, and arts and information (corpus, parser, translation memory, quantitative linguistics and literature and database) and so on. To do a Model L for arts and science, I select one of the above mentioned combinations. This is the first stage of synergic effect.
B Thematic combinations
One needs to make many combinations such as; humanity and brain science, micro and macro, contrastive linguistics or literature and comparative linguistics or literature, the East and the West etc., to make a theme leading to Model L. Micro means any major subject and macro regards the global scale and the shift of format as the evaluation item because the condition falls under everyone even if one majors in any subjects. For synergic study, it is important to maintain a fine balance.
“Thomas Mann and fuzzy” is the combination of German and artificial intelligence and “Luxun and chaos” is the combination of Chinese and memory or mental disorder. There are the combinations of Western and Eastern studies or roman and novels. The combination of literature and calculating such as logic and statistics is based on such accommodation.
C Analytic combinations
Moreover, in order to exhaustively analyze the selected themes, I would have to further formulate combinations. I will devise a way to create categories, such as bottom up and top down, theory and practice, general and special, linguistic and non-verbal information, strong and weak and so on.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 2
2 How to make the story L
2.1 Model of calculating literature
① The vertical axis is language, literature and foreign language education, and the horizontal axis is the synergic study as one moves deeper inside brain science.
② The vertical axis leads to the analysis image and the horizontal axis leads to the generative image. The representation is the human mental activity of memorizing the perceptive image and to replicate it in the mind. For example, mental activities such as language, memory, feelings, thought, judgment, motivation and adaptive ability are produced by the brain. The symbol is percipient writing and the pattern deals with it.
③ Model L can compare authors such as Thomas Mann, Luxun, Ogai Mori and Nadine Gordimer. In particular I’m interested in the intellectual property of the authors such as risk avoidance.
④ The role of Model L is to integrate the analytic image of A (humanity) + B (cognitive science) and the generative image of B (cognitive science) + C (brain science). The flow of information goes from A and B to the heterogeneous C, and then returns to the analytic image.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
2.1 Model of calculating literature
① The vertical axis is language, literature and foreign language education, and the horizontal axis is the synergic study as one moves deeper inside brain science.
② The vertical axis leads to the analysis image and the horizontal axis leads to the generative image. The representation is the human mental activity of memorizing the perceptive image and to replicate it in the mind. For example, mental activities such as language, memory, feelings, thought, judgment, motivation and adaptive ability are produced by the brain. The symbol is percipient writing and the pattern deals with it.
③ Model L can compare authors such as Thomas Mann, Luxun, Ogai Mori and Nadine Gordimer. In particular I’m interested in the intellectual property of the authors such as risk avoidance.
④ The role of Model L is to integrate the analytic image of A (humanity) + B (cognitive science) and the generative image of B (cognitive science) + C (brain science). The flow of information goes from A and B to the heterogeneous C, and then returns to the analytic image.
花村嘉英（2017）「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
