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Today’s Doodle celebrates the 94th birthday of British scientist and author Anne McLaren, who is widely considered one of the most significant reproductive biologists of the 20th century. Her fundamental research on 1embryology has helped countless people 2realize their dreams of parenthood.

Anne McLaren was born in London on this day in 1927. As a child, she had a small role in the 1936 H.G. Wells’ sci-fi film “The Shape of Things to Come.” In the scene−set in 2054−her great-grandfather lectured her on the advancement of space technology that had put mice on the moon. McLaren credits this 3formative, albeit fictional, history lesson as one of the early inspirations for her love of science. She went on to study zoology at the University of Oxford, where her passion for science only grew as she learned from talented biologists such as Peter Medawar−a Nobel laureate for his research on the human 4immune system.

１　発生学
２　親になるという夢を実現する
３　形成可能な
４　免疫系

In the 1950s, McLaren began to work with mice to further understand the biology of 5mammalian development. While the subjects of her research were tiny, the implications of their study proved massive. By successfully growing mouse 6embryos 7in vitro (in lab equipment), McLaren and her colleague John Biggers demonstrated the possibility to create healthy embryos outside of the mother’s womb.

５　哺乳類の
６　胎芽
７　体外受精で

These landmark findings−published in 1958−8paved the way for the development of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology that scientists first used successfully with humans twenty years later. However, the development of IVF technology carried major 9ethical controversy along with it. To this end, McLaren served as the only research scientist on the Warnock Committee (est. 1982), a governmental body dedicated to the development of policies related to the advances in IVF technology and embryology. Her expert council to the committee played an essential role in the enactment of the 1990 Human Fertilization and Embryology Act−10watershed, yet contentious, legislation which limits in-vitro culture of human embryos to 14-days post embryo creation.

８　道を開く
９　倫理上の　道徳上の
１０重大な転機となる

In 1991, McLaren was appointed Foreign Secretary, and later vice-president, of the world’s oldest scientific institution−11The Royal Society−at the time becoming the first woman to ever hold office within the institution’s 330-year-old history.

McLaren １２discovered her passion for learning at a young age and aspired to spark this same enthusiasm for science in children and society at large. In 1994, the British Association for the Advancement of Science−an institution dedicated to the promotion of science to the general public (now the British Science Association)−elected her as its president. Through the organization and its events, McLaren engaged audiences across Britain on the wonders of science, engineering, and technology with the aim of making these topics more accessible to everyone.

Happy birthday, Anne McLaren. Thank you for all your incredible work and for inspiring many new generations to come because of it!

１１　王立学会
１２　見出す


今日はアン・マクラーレン女史の９４歳の誕生日でした。当然生きていればの話ですが。
残念ながら２００７年に事故死してるんですよね。
体外受精で妊娠とか今でこそよく聞きますけど、それを研究していた人物なんです。
１９５８年に初めて彼女がマウスでの体外受精で出産に成功したという論文をネイチャー誌において発表しました。