Today’s 1interactive game Doodle celebrates the 82nd birthday of Gerald “Jerry” Lawson, one of the fathers of modern gaming who led the team that developed the first home video gaming system with 2interchangeable game cartridges. The Doodle features games designed by three American guest artists and game designers: Davionne Gooden, Lauren Brown, and Momo Pixel.
Lawson was born in Brooklyn, New York on this day in 1940. He 3tinkered with electronics from an early age, repairing televisions around his neighborhood and creating his own radio station using recycled parts. He attended Queens College and City College of New York before departing early to start his career in Palo Alto, California. At the time, the city and its surrounding region had become known as “Silicon Valley” due to the explosion of new, innovative tech companies starting up in the area.
1 双方向型のゲーム 2 交換可能なゲームカートリッジ 3 いじくる
Upon arriving in California, Lawson joined Fairchild Semiconductor as an engineering consultant. A few years later, Lawson was promoted to Director of Engineering and Marketing of Fairchild’s video game department where he led the development of the Fairchild Channel F system (the “F” stood for fun!). This was the first home video game system console that featured interchangeable game cartridges, an 8-way digital joystick and a pause menu. The Channel F paved the way for future gaming systems like the Atari, SNES, Dreamcast and more.
In 1980, Lawson left Fairchild to start his own company, VideoSoft−one of the earliest Black-owned video game development companies. The company created software for the Atari 2600, which popularized the cartridge Lawson and his team developed. Although they closed five years later, Lawson had 4solidified himself as a pioneer in the industry and continued to consult multiple engineering and video game companies throughout the rest of his career.
4 (地位などを)固める
In 2011, 5the International Game Developers Association recognized Lawson as an industry 6trailblazer for his contributions to gaming. The University of Southern California also created the Gerald A. Lawson Fund to support underrepresented students who wish to pursue undergraduate or graduate degrees in game design or computer science. Lawson’s achievements are memorialized at the World Video Game Hall of Fame in Rochester, New York.
As a child, Juan Gallardo (Rex Downing) wants only to become a bullfighter like his dead father. One night he has an argument with the pompous critic Natalio Curro (Laird Cregar) who asserted Juan's father's lack of talent in the bullring. The argument spurs Juan to travel to Madrid and achieve his dream of success in the bullring. Before leaving, he promises his aristocratic child sweetheart Carmen Espinosa (Ann Todd) he will return when he is a success and marry her.
Ten years later, Juan Gallardo (now played by Tyrone Power) returns to Seville. He has become a matador and uses his winnings to help his impoverished family.・・・・・・・
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Cast
Tyrone Power as Juan タイロン・パワー Linda Darnell as Carmen Espinosa リンダ・ダーネル Rita Hayworth as Dona Sol リタ・ヘイワース Nazimova as Senora Augustias ナジモヴァ Anthony Quinn as Manolo de Palma アンソニー・クイン J. Carrol Naish as Garabato J・キャロル・ナイシュ Lynn Bari as Encarnacion リン・バリ John Carradine as Nacional ジョン・キャラダイン Laird Cregar as Natalio Curro レアード・クレガー
Today’s Doodle celebrates the life of Marie Tharp, an American geologist and oceanographic 1cartographer who helped prove the2 theories of continental drift. She co-published the first world map of the ocean floors. On this day in 1998, the Library of Congress named Tharp one of the greatest cartographers of the 20th century.
Today’s Doodle features an interactive exploration of Tharp’s life. Her story is narrated by Caitlyn Larsen, Rebecca Nesel, and Dr. Tiara Moore , three notable women who are currently living out Tharp’s legacy by making strides in the traditionally male-dominated ocean science and geology spaces.
1 地図製作者 2 大陸移動説
Marie Tharp was an only child born on July 30, 1920, in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Tharp’s father, who worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, gave her an early introduction to mapmaking. She attended the University of Michigan for her master’s degree in 3petroleum geology−this was particularly impressive given so few women worked in science during this period. She moved to New York City in 1948 and became the first woman to work at the Lamont Geological Observatory where she met geologist Bruce Heezen.
Heezen gathered ocean-depth data in the Atlantic Ocean, which Tharp used to create maps of the mysterious ocean floor. New findings from echo sounders (sonars used to find water depth) helped her discover 4the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. She brought these findings to Heezen, who infamously dismissed this as “girl talk”.
3 石油地質学 4 大西洋中央海嶺
However, when they compared these V-shaped rifts with earthquake 5epicenter maps, Heezen could not ignore the facts. Plate tectonics and continental drift were no longer just theories−the seafloor was undoubtedly spreading. In 1957, Tharp and Heezen co-published the first map of the ocean floor in the North Atlantic. Twenty years later, National Geographic published the first world map of the entire ocean floor penned by Tharp and Heezen, titled “The World Ocean Floor.”
Tharp donated her entire map collection to the Library of Congress in 1995. On the 100th anniversary celebration of its Geography and Map Division, the Library of Congress named her one of the most important cartographers in the 20th century. In 2001, the same observatory where she started her career awarded her with its first annual Lamont-Doherty Heritage Award.
Click on today’s Doodle to begin your journey through Tharp’s extraordinary life and scientific contributions!