シナジーのメタファー２

3　Chaos theory and memory

3.1　A mode of the brain

　Dynamic memory has been advanced for the brain activity. For example long-term memory is divided into declarative memory by head and non-declarative memory by body. Declarative memory is divided into episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory is associated with events behind individual experiences including future and semantic memory is associated with general knowledge.
　Furthermore procedural memory of non-declarative memory is associated with riding a bicycle and typing. The linking of episodic memory to chaos theory is very famous as a formula of dynamic memory.　
There is a classification of memory that adds priming memory to long-term memory. As to priming memory, the preceding information has an influence on the subsequent information. But it may be also a source of confusion because memory is patterned by the unconscious.
　Episodic memory and short-term memory are inside the individual conscious and semantic memory, priming memory and procedural memory are implicit memory without the individual memory. But episodic memory and semantic memory can intersect with each other by time and experience.

Memory→Short term memory→Working memory
Memory→Long term memory→Declarative memory→Episodic memory　OR　Semantic memory
Memory→Long term memory→Non-declarative memory→Priming memory　OR　Procedural memory

Memory is said to be hierarchized. The bottom layer is procedural memory and then priming memory, semantic memory, short-term memory and episodic memory are arranged in ascending order.

Episodic memory→Short-term memory→Semantic memory→Priming memory→Procedural memory

　The hierarchy is associated with the process of the evolution of organisms. The more basic animal has a superior sense of low-level memory and the more civilized creature has a superior of high-level memory. Such is the case with personal growth. As children grow up, procedural memory develops primarily and then the other memories develop in ascending order.
　For example the atmosphere called childhood amnesia that has no memory at the age of three has delayed development of episodic memory. One has a superior sense of semantic memory before age 10 and then episodic memory gets an advantage. Conversely, the older one grows the more one gets forgetful because episodic memory declines (for example, senile dementia).
　However, the mechanism of memory is different because memory has a hierarchy. For example the patients of anterograde amnesia can’t remember any new thing. As the result of clinical experiment, episodic memory and semantic memory is said to be closely related to the hippocampus above the mechanism of memory. The hippocampus integrates the information of the five senses and accumulates the memory of experiences (episodic memory). Memory remains in the hippocampus about a month and then moves to temporal lobe to be stored.
　Short-term memory and priming memory are accumulated in cerebral cortex and procedural memory is accumulated in corpus striatum and cerebellum.

花村嘉英著（2015）「从认知语言学的角度浅析鲁迅作品−魯迅をシナジーで読む」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura