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2024年09月21日
About motivation of Nadine Gordimer viewed from “The Late Bourgeois World” ８
4.2 Outline of the frontal cortex
As I explained above, motivation is the will to activate purposefully when one goes into action. Gordimer asked whether white people can participate in the revolution of South Africa to end the society of white people who do not engage in the anti-apartheid movement. But even if one plans something with a desire, they may not be filled with any sufficient appetite. The brain activity of appetite, planning and motivation is mainly controlled by the frontal cortex, therefore, I explain the outline of the frontal cortex as follows.
The frontal cortex is related to another association area consisting of the parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe and has links to auditory sense, somatic sense and visual sense. Furthermore, it has strong links with the amygdala to influence the hypothalamic area, emotion and motivation.
The frontal cortex has a lot of functions related to one’s will, plan, appetite, feelings, pronunciation of language and movement. Learning activities such as thought and inference are supported by the frontal association area. The information of the five senses is eventually sent to frontal association area and is judged what to do.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
As I explained above, motivation is the will to activate purposefully when one goes into action. Gordimer asked whether white people can participate in the revolution of South Africa to end the society of white people who do not engage in the anti-apartheid movement. But even if one plans something with a desire, they may not be filled with any sufficient appetite. The brain activity of appetite, planning and motivation is mainly controlled by the frontal cortex, therefore, I explain the outline of the frontal cortex as follows.
The frontal cortex is related to another association area consisting of the parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe and has links to auditory sense, somatic sense and visual sense. Furthermore, it has strong links with the amygdala to influence the hypothalamic area, emotion and motivation.
The frontal cortex has a lot of functions related to one’s will, plan, appetite, feelings, pronunciation of language and movement. Learning activities such as thought and inference are supported by the frontal association area. The information of the five senses is eventually sent to frontal association area and is judged what to do.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
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About motivation of Nadine Gordimer viewed from “The Late Bourgeois World” ７
4 Brain activity of Gordimer on writing
4.1 Medical terminology of Gordimer
There is the micro-world study at the cellular level, and the macro-world study like biological clock, including the external environment leading to the whole body in medicine. The micro-world study is electronic and the macro-world study includes environmental problems around the world and earthquake disasters in information science. There are also the domestic and international factors in economics.
I will apply such abduction and adjustment to art and science, in particular, the analysis of literature. If an individual person studies only individuals, the brain activity is humanities, and becomes out of date. The focal point is the presence of solving a problem in a novel. The brain of an author acts more strongly when resolving problems than not. For example, when the mental situation is beyond one’s control, Gordimer would like to use medical expressions to resolve a problem as follows.
These medical expressions are related to the speech of Max in the marriage of Queenie with Alan.
(1) Don’t stay inside and let your arteries harden, like theirs… I'm not talking about the sort of thing some of them have, those who have had their thrombosis, I don't mean veins gone furry through sitting around in places like this fine club and having more than enough to eat. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] Thrombus is a blood clot and when arteries become hardened, this is arteriosclerosis.
(2) What I'm asking you to look out for is - is moral sclerosis. Moral sclerosis. Hardening of the heart, narrowing of the mind; while the dividends go up. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] In case of moral sclerosis, LDL pools with aging intra-arterially and inner cavity narrows and elasticity is lost. Moral sclerosis is drawn from this.
(3) It sets in pretty quick. More widespread than bilharzia in the rivers, and a damned sight harder to cure. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] Bilharzia is a generic term of flatworms of trematodes. Male and female are mutant. Length of body is approximately 1.5 cm to 2 cm. The outside is long and thin.
(4) It's a hundred per cent endemic in places like this Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club, and in all the suburbs you're likely to choose from to live in. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] Infection area becomes tainted by bacteria, toxic substances, radioactive material etc.
花村嘉英「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
4.1 Medical terminology of Gordimer
There is the micro-world study at the cellular level, and the macro-world study like biological clock, including the external environment leading to the whole body in medicine. The micro-world study is electronic and the macro-world study includes environmental problems around the world and earthquake disasters in information science. There are also the domestic and international factors in economics.
I will apply such abduction and adjustment to art and science, in particular, the analysis of literature. If an individual person studies only individuals, the brain activity is humanities, and becomes out of date. The focal point is the presence of solving a problem in a novel. The brain of an author acts more strongly when resolving problems than not. For example, when the mental situation is beyond one’s control, Gordimer would like to use medical expressions to resolve a problem as follows.
These medical expressions are related to the speech of Max in the marriage of Queenie with Alan.
(1) Don’t stay inside and let your arteries harden, like theirs… I'm not talking about the sort of thing some of them have, those who have had their thrombosis, I don't mean veins gone furry through sitting around in places like this fine club and having more than enough to eat. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] Thrombus is a blood clot and when arteries become hardened, this is arteriosclerosis.
(2) What I'm asking you to look out for is - is moral sclerosis. Moral sclerosis. Hardening of the heart, narrowing of the mind; while the dividends go up. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] In case of moral sclerosis, LDL pools with aging intra-arterially and inner cavity narrows and elasticity is lost. Moral sclerosis is drawn from this.
(3) It sets in pretty quick. More widespread than bilharzia in the rivers, and a damned sight harder to cure. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] Bilharzia is a generic term of flatworms of trematodes. Male and female are mutant. Length of body is approximately 1.5 cm to 2 cm. The outside is long and thin.
(4) It's a hundred per cent endemic in places like this Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club, and in all the suburbs you're likely to choose from to live in. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] Infection area becomes tainted by bacteria, toxic substances, radioactive material etc.
花村嘉英「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
About motivation of Nadine Gordimer viewed from “The Late Bourgeois World” ６
I see an author as a kind of expert, and wrote a paper about the risk avoidance seen in a novel. Generally speaking, an author sometimes sounds the alarm as an expert. For example, Luxun wrote a novel to help Chinese people from a mental disease called ma-ma-hu-hu, Ogai wrote historical novels to leave the universality after Emperor Meiji and General Maresuke Nogi died, and Thomas Mann wrote his novels and articles fearing that German development would stop in the first quarter-century of the 20th century.
The appreciation of micro research is directed to personal devise, while the macro research analyzes that the brain activity of an author is something specific when he is writing a novel. This is called a synergic metaphor. Thus, I devised three examples, Thomas Mann and fuzzy, Luxun and chaos and Ogai Mori and feelings.
1/ 2/ 3 are the process of acceptance reading, while 4 is the former and the latter of cognitive science, 5/ 6 ties the image together with heterogeneous C, 7 looks for the brain activity of an author, and 8 arrives at a synergic metaphor.
1 While analyzing each sentence, I pursue the intellectual property of the selected author. For example, I select a simple reading sample like writing style at the stage of acceptance, and look for heterogeneous C concerning the intellectual property at the stage of synergy. This is performed in steps 2 and 3.
2 I make a comparison table to get a comprehensive image.
3 I make a combination from the analysis of the text excerpt. For example, Thomas Mann is “irony and fuzzy” and Luxun is “ma-ma-fu-fu (leisurely) and memory” and Ogai Mori is “feeling and behavior”. If I couldn’t find any combination, I start over from step 1.
4 I confirm the former and the latter of cognitive process.
5 I consider the flow of the situation in the text, and divide the problem-solving scenario into resolved or unresolved.
6 The resolved scene arrives at heterogeneous C, then returns to the analytic image. The brain activity of an author is strong in a problem-solving scenario.
7 The theme is the risk avoidance and decision-making part which an expert a given area imagines. I will make a point of the risk avoidance in the presence of a problem (emergency landing, emergency medical care, stock market and earthquake disaster etc.) to connect to the generative image. I then consider the decision-making of an author from there.
8 I can make a synergic metaphor that is seen as the brain activity of an author. “Gordimer and motivation” is an ensemble of combinations based on the synergy of a text and the macro method considering the literature. The method incorporates the study of global scale and the shift of format of literary analysis.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
The appreciation of micro research is directed to personal devise, while the macro research analyzes that the brain activity of an author is something specific when he is writing a novel. This is called a synergic metaphor. Thus, I devised three examples, Thomas Mann and fuzzy, Luxun and chaos and Ogai Mori and feelings.
1/ 2/ 3 are the process of acceptance reading, while 4 is the former and the latter of cognitive science, 5/ 6 ties the image together with heterogeneous C, 7 looks for the brain activity of an author, and 8 arrives at a synergic metaphor.
1 While analyzing each sentence, I pursue the intellectual property of the selected author. For example, I select a simple reading sample like writing style at the stage of acceptance, and look for heterogeneous C concerning the intellectual property at the stage of synergy. This is performed in steps 2 and 3.
2 I make a comparison table to get a comprehensive image.
3 I make a combination from the analysis of the text excerpt. For example, Thomas Mann is “irony and fuzzy” and Luxun is “ma-ma-fu-fu (leisurely) and memory” and Ogai Mori is “feeling and behavior”. If I couldn’t find any combination, I start over from step 1.
4 I confirm the former and the latter of cognitive process.
5 I consider the flow of the situation in the text, and divide the problem-solving scenario into resolved or unresolved.
6 The resolved scene arrives at heterogeneous C, then returns to the analytic image. The brain activity of an author is strong in a problem-solving scenario.
7 The theme is the risk avoidance and decision-making part which an expert a given area imagines. I will make a point of the risk avoidance in the presence of a problem (emergency landing, emergency medical care, stock market and earthquake disaster etc.) to connect to the generative image. I then consider the decision-making of an author from there.
8 I can make a synergic metaphor that is seen as the brain activity of an author. “Gordimer and motivation” is an ensemble of combinations based on the synergy of a text and the macro method considering the literature. The method incorporates the study of global scale and the shift of format of literary analysis.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
About motivation of Nadine Gordimer viewed from “The Late Bourgeois World” ５
3 Micro and macro
During the peak of apartheid when Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd governed South Africa, the citizens of the state were very strongly constrained. Even if one had any motivation and plan, one couldn’t act on it due to the given circumstances.
The African National Congress, Pan-African Conference and African resistance movement attempted to overturn this. Many activists were apprehended during simultaneous nationwide raids in July, 1964. A leader of the African resistance movement, Max also participated. The African resistance movement was sprung from his writings and statements and he was consequently sentenced to ten years in prison.
Max changed jobs too frequently and fell victim to the sabotage of white people and was arrested at an early stage. Finally he was sentenced to death, and therefore could never adapt to society.
Life is filled with important life events and stress causes adjustment disorder, but personal important events (school attendance, independence, removal, marriage, divorce, unemployment and critical illness etc.) became the main cause of the disorder. The personality, the conceptual habit and the feeling of stress have a lot of influence. Anyone grows anxious and nervous and melancholy from terrible events. Adjustment disorder reacts strongly to stress and leads to specific symptoms appearing.
“Space and time” that expresses an impossible unlimited situation becomes adaptive ability during motivation. The comprehensive ability leads to the far-sighted risk avoidance of Gordimer. An author is also an expert and has the specific brain ability of writing a novel. Generally speaking, space is dealt with by the right side of the brain, and time is related to right and left side because it creates a sensory and logical image.
[Story of L]
◇acceptance: language and literature (Gordimer) → acknowledgment (language) → space and time (endlessness)
◇synergy: space and time →acknowledgment (information) → motivation and intelligence (risk avoidance and adaptive ability)
Just like social science and natural science, I make the analysis of micro and macro research for literature. Micro study is a particular field of contrastive linguistics, and macro is a global magnitude (north, south, east and west) and the shift of the research format. The shift of research format is the format L that deforms an inverted T of cognitive science extensively. The vertical axis is linguistic acknowledgment and the horizontal axis is information acknowledgement. Both axes are researched at the same time.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
During the peak of apartheid when Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd governed South Africa, the citizens of the state were very strongly constrained. Even if one had any motivation and plan, one couldn’t act on it due to the given circumstances.
The African National Congress, Pan-African Conference and African resistance movement attempted to overturn this. Many activists were apprehended during simultaneous nationwide raids in July, 1964. A leader of the African resistance movement, Max also participated. The African resistance movement was sprung from his writings and statements and he was consequently sentenced to ten years in prison.
Max changed jobs too frequently and fell victim to the sabotage of white people and was arrested at an early stage. Finally he was sentenced to death, and therefore could never adapt to society.
Life is filled with important life events and stress causes adjustment disorder, but personal important events (school attendance, independence, removal, marriage, divorce, unemployment and critical illness etc.) became the main cause of the disorder. The personality, the conceptual habit and the feeling of stress have a lot of influence. Anyone grows anxious and nervous and melancholy from terrible events. Adjustment disorder reacts strongly to stress and leads to specific symptoms appearing.
“Space and time” that expresses an impossible unlimited situation becomes adaptive ability during motivation. The comprehensive ability leads to the far-sighted risk avoidance of Gordimer. An author is also an expert and has the specific brain ability of writing a novel. Generally speaking, space is dealt with by the right side of the brain, and time is related to right and left side because it creates a sensory and logical image.
[Story of L]
◇acceptance: language and literature (Gordimer) → acknowledgment (language) → space and time (endlessness)
◇synergy: space and time →acknowledgment (information) → motivation and intelligence (risk avoidance and adaptive ability)
Just like social science and natural science, I make the analysis of micro and macro research for literature. Micro study is a particular field of contrastive linguistics, and macro is a global magnitude (north, south, east and west) and the shift of the research format. The shift of research format is the format L that deforms an inverted T of cognitive science extensively. The vertical axis is linguistic acknowledgment and the horizontal axis is information acknowledgement. Both axes are researched at the same time.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
About motivation of Nadine Gordimer viewed from “The Late Bourgeois World” ４
Thought reaches realistic judgement according to circumstances in the stream of mental activity that appears when a problem is given. Hanamura (2015) searches conscious, unconscious and thought aspects for “A Madman’s Diary” and “The True Story of Ah Q” of Luxun. Consequently, I could make the same synergic metaphor analysis for “Luxun and chaos”.
Motivation is the will that motivates a behavior. When one goes into action, their desire, impulse and wish becomes the motivation. Motivation accommodates the will and desire that control the behavior and means the mentation to act on things positively. For example appetite, sex and sleep.
Judgement defines truth and falsity, right and wrong, beautiful and ugly. Intelligence expresses the ability that human beings adapt to circumstances and encompasses overall mental ability like understanding, thought and judgement. Intelligence disorder is seen in mental delay and dementia.
This paper focuses on “motivation and adaptive ability” and considers the brain activity of Gordimer. In South Africa during the 1960s when Gordimer wrote “The Late Bourgeois World” was a time of harsh repression. Even if one had any adaptive ability, they couldn’t use it in politics and law. Therefore, the motivation is strong in the action of the mind, and the activity of the prefrontal cortex (including will) becomes a point of contention. The frontal association area also integrates memory information from the temporal cortex, partial lobe of the cerebrum and the occipital lobe.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Motivation is the will that motivates a behavior. When one goes into action, their desire, impulse and wish becomes the motivation. Motivation accommodates the will and desire that control the behavior and means the mentation to act on things positively. For example appetite, sex and sleep.
Judgement defines truth and falsity, right and wrong, beautiful and ugly. Intelligence expresses the ability that human beings adapt to circumstances and encompasses overall mental ability like understanding, thought and judgement. Intelligence disorder is seen in mental delay and dementia.
This paper focuses on “motivation and adaptive ability” and considers the brain activity of Gordimer. In South Africa during the 1960s when Gordimer wrote “The Late Bourgeois World” was a time of harsh repression. Even if one had any adaptive ability, they couldn’t use it in politics and law. Therefore, the motivation is strong in the action of the mind, and the activity of the prefrontal cortex (including will) becomes a point of contention. The frontal association area also integrates memory information from the temporal cortex, partial lobe of the cerebrum and the occipital lobe.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
About motivation of Nadine Gordimer viewed from “The Late Bourgeois World” ３
From the very start I was interested in language and memory, and focused on the hippocampus of the temporal lobe by using “The True Story of Ah Q” of Luxun (1922). (Hanamura 2015)
Luxun’s style of writing is calm and unhurried, and he mostly wrote short stories and essays. In Ah Q, the analysis image is a combination of “memory and ma-ma-hu-hu (human irresponsibility including fraudulent behavior)”. To adjust it to the generative image of “memory and chaos”, I will repeat the analysis and generation of L-model in working units of a scenario. And I can identify an unpredictable behavior (non-linearity) of the cheering crowd and the indeterminism from the approximate input information to two very different outputs between the cart driver and Ah Q (the initial value sensibility).
The hippocampus is a group of neurons that is right behind the brain cortex which covers the temporal lobe and is string shaped like the character “S” and contains many cells. A receptor takes a neurotransmitter from the previous synapse on every part of brain in the neuron system and changes it into an electric signal, and the signal transmits from the tip of the synapse to the next neuron. The temporal cortex also has a function of auditory sensory.
Feelings include the emotions of instinct and a feeling of awe. On the temporal side, the emotion is instantaneous and the awe is continuous. Feelings have multiple faces like delight, anger, sorrow and pleasure. The emotion is attributable to the reaction by the internal factor (emergence) and external factor (inducement). Hanamura (2017) explains that the historical novels of Ogai Mori include thought of internal factor and external factor, and “Sansho the Bailiff” is the inducement. I make a database analyzing synergic metaphors of “Ogai and feelings” to understand the activity of his brain through writing.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Luxun’s style of writing is calm and unhurried, and he mostly wrote short stories and essays. In Ah Q, the analysis image is a combination of “memory and ma-ma-hu-hu (human irresponsibility including fraudulent behavior)”. To adjust it to the generative image of “memory and chaos”, I will repeat the analysis and generation of L-model in working units of a scenario. And I can identify an unpredictable behavior (non-linearity) of the cheering crowd and the indeterminism from the approximate input information to two very different outputs between the cart driver and Ah Q (the initial value sensibility).
The hippocampus is a group of neurons that is right behind the brain cortex which covers the temporal lobe and is string shaped like the character “S” and contains many cells. A receptor takes a neurotransmitter from the previous synapse on every part of brain in the neuron system and changes it into an electric signal, and the signal transmits from the tip of the synapse to the next neuron. The temporal cortex also has a function of auditory sensory.
Feelings include the emotions of instinct and a feeling of awe. On the temporal side, the emotion is instantaneous and the awe is continuous. Feelings have multiple faces like delight, anger, sorrow and pleasure. The emotion is attributable to the reaction by the internal factor (emergence) and external factor (inducement). Hanamura (2017) explains that the historical novels of Ogai Mori include thought of internal factor and external factor, and “Sansho the Bailiff” is the inducement. I make a database analyzing synergic metaphors of “Ogai and feelings” to understand the activity of his brain through writing.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
About motivation of Nadine Gordimer viewed from “The Late Bourgeois World” ２
2 Human mental ability
Human mental ability includes language, memory, feelings, thought, motivation, judgement and intelligence (adaptive ability), which collectively are called “mental expression”. These activities are generally created by brain.
When one takes a look at each part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe controls human brain activity, for example, purposefulness, planning, motivation and feelings, and aids with movement of the upper frontal lobe and language pronunciation near the temporal lobe. The parietal lobe controls sensory information and somatic sense runs along the border with the frontal lobe and controls the sensation in the skin, like touch and pain in internal organs etc. Furthermore, there is the taste sense on the border of the temporal lobe, and the occipital lobe deals with the function of sight.
Table 1 Division of roles of the brain cortex
Division：Frontal lobe, frontal association area,
Roles：Thought, purposefulness, planning, motivation, feelings, judgement and self-repression.
Division：Frontal lobe, movement association area
Roles：This area plans the start of movement and the procedure. The instruction of movement originates here.
Somatosensory area：This area controls the sense of touch and pain and deep sense.
Vertex area：This area integrates the information of judgement, understanding and sense.
Temporal lobe, auditory area：This area controls audio information.
Temporal association cortex：Knowledge, memory, language understanding.
Visual association area：Judgement and cognition of visual information.
Visual area：Reception of visual information.
Broca’s area：Expression of language：writing and speech
Wernicke’s area：Understanding of language：reading and listening.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
Human mental ability includes language, memory, feelings, thought, motivation, judgement and intelligence (adaptive ability), which collectively are called “mental expression”. These activities are generally created by brain.
When one takes a look at each part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe controls human brain activity, for example, purposefulness, planning, motivation and feelings, and aids with movement of the upper frontal lobe and language pronunciation near the temporal lobe. The parietal lobe controls sensory information and somatic sense runs along the border with the frontal lobe and controls the sensation in the skin, like touch and pain in internal organs etc. Furthermore, there is the taste sense on the border of the temporal lobe, and the occipital lobe deals with the function of sight.
Table 1 Division of roles of the brain cortex
Division：Frontal lobe, frontal association area,
Roles：Thought, purposefulness, planning, motivation, feelings, judgement and self-repression.
Division：Frontal lobe, movement association area
Roles：This area plans the start of movement and the procedure. The instruction of movement originates here.
Somatosensory area：This area controls the sense of touch and pain and deep sense.
Vertex area：This area integrates the information of judgement, understanding and sense.
Temporal lobe, auditory area：This area controls audio information.
Temporal association cortex：Knowledge, memory, language understanding.
Visual association area：Judgement and cognition of visual information.
Visual area：Reception of visual information.
Broca’s area：Expression of language：writing and speech
Wernicke’s area：Understanding of language：reading and listening.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
About motivation of Nadine Gordimer viewed from “The Late Bourgeois World” １
1 Motivation of Nadine Gordimer
The anti-apartheid movement of South Africa collapsed in the 1950s. But Nadine Gordimer (1923-2014) asked herself how white people can engage in the revolution, and felt the pinch of the domestic current situation against the stream of the world and had the desire to engage in the revolution in some form. Such thinking of the author led me to stipulate that the revolution was the far-sighted risk avoidance of South Africa.
When the liberalism of white people was in palmy days, the appeal was insufficient. The reform recommendation of that time could be justified in the present day. Even if one has the motivation, the mind will go around in circles from external factors. Such a mind could be expressed only by the combination of “space and time”.
However, medical expressions complement it. The prefrontal cortex controls, more generally, the motivation, and the adaptive ability that links to the prefrontal cortex is expressed by the function of the entire brain. To consider the adaptive ability concerning “space and time” that Gordimer used to express endlessness, it is better to consider not only the function of prefrontal cortex but also the entire brain, that is, the function of every part of the body.
The novel by Gordimer that this paper is based on, speaks about one day of the hero’s past and Max’s suicide holds the key. Any present stress disorder must have appeared by the time of his suicide. For example, even if one had the motivation, the adaption to society is inhibited by the restriction of politics and law. Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) was also incarcerated for about 27 years.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
The anti-apartheid movement of South Africa collapsed in the 1950s. But Nadine Gordimer (1923-2014) asked herself how white people can engage in the revolution, and felt the pinch of the domestic current situation against the stream of the world and had the desire to engage in the revolution in some form. Such thinking of the author led me to stipulate that the revolution was the far-sighted risk avoidance of South Africa.
When the liberalism of white people was in palmy days, the appeal was insufficient. The reform recommendation of that time could be justified in the present day. Even if one has the motivation, the mind will go around in circles from external factors. Such a mind could be expressed only by the combination of “space and time”.
However, medical expressions complement it. The prefrontal cortex controls, more generally, the motivation, and the adaptive ability that links to the prefrontal cortex is expressed by the function of the entire brain. To consider the adaptive ability concerning “space and time” that Gordimer used to express endlessness, it is better to consider not only the function of prefrontal cortex but also the entire brain, that is, the function of every part of the body.
The novel by Gordimer that this paper is based on, speaks about one day of the hero’s past and Max’s suicide holds the key. Any present stress disorder must have appeared by the time of his suicide. For example, even if one had the motivation, the adaption to society is inhibited by the restriction of politics and law. Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) was also incarcerated for about 27 years.
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura
「ブルジョワ世界の終わりに」から見たゴーディマの意欲についてー脳の前頭葉の活動を中心に１３
７ まとめ
受容の読みによる「空間と時間」という出力は、共生の読みの入力となり、問題解決の場面を考察すると、「意欲と適応能力」という人間の脳の活動と結びつき、その後、購読脳の基本のポジションに再び戻る。
但し、共生の出力には、さらに回帰的（recursive）なサイクルを想定している。人間一般の脳の活動に関するパスを置くことで、作家の執筆脳の活動をシミュレーションするのである。こうして、「ゴーディマと意欲」というシナジーのメタファーに辿りつく。
【参考文献】
片野善男 ほすぴ157号 ヘルスケア出版 2017
佐々木隆宏 流れるようにわかる統計学 東京：KADOKAWA 2017
日本成人病予防協会監修 心の健康管理 健康管理士一般指導員通信講座テキスト3 ヘルスケア出版 2014
花村嘉英 計算文学入門－Thomas Mannのイロニーはファジィ推論といえるのか？ 東京：新風舎, 2005
花村嘉英 从认知语言学的角度浅析鲁迅作品－魯迅をシナジーで読む. 上海：華東理工大学, 2015
花村嘉英 日本語教育のためのプログラム－中国語話者向けの教授法から森鴎外のデータベースまで. 南京:東南大学出版社, 2017
Elkhonon Goldberg, 沼尻由紀子訳. 脳を支配する前頭葉. 東京：講談社, 2007
Nadine Gordimer. The Late Bourgeois World. Penguin Books, 1966 （福島富士男訳. 「ブルジョア世界の終わりに」 スリーエーネットワーク, 1994）
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より
受容の読みによる「空間と時間」という出力は、共生の読みの入力となり、問題解決の場面を考察すると、「意欲と適応能力」という人間の脳の活動と結びつき、その後、購読脳の基本のポジションに再び戻る。
但し、共生の出力には、さらに回帰的（recursive）なサイクルを想定している。人間一般の脳の活動に関するパスを置くことで、作家の執筆脳の活動をシミュレーションするのである。こうして、「ゴーディマと意欲」というシナジーのメタファーに辿りつく。
【参考文献】
片野善男 ほすぴ157号 ヘルスケア出版 2017
佐々木隆宏 流れるようにわかる統計学 東京：KADOKAWA 2017
日本成人病予防協会監修 心の健康管理 健康管理士一般指導員通信講座テキスト3 ヘルスケア出版 2014
花村嘉英 計算文学入門－Thomas Mannのイロニーはファジィ推論といえるのか？ 東京：新風舎, 2005
花村嘉英 从认知语言学的角度浅析鲁迅作品－魯迅をシナジーで読む. 上海：華東理工大学, 2015
花村嘉英 日本語教育のためのプログラム－中国語話者向けの教授法から森鴎外のデータベースまで. 南京:東南大学出版社, 2017
Elkhonon Goldberg, 沼尻由紀子訳. 脳を支配する前頭葉. 東京：講談社, 2007
Nadine Gordimer. The Late Bourgeois World. Penguin Books, 1966 （福島富士男訳. 「ブルジョア世界の終わりに」 スリーエーネットワーク, 1994）
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より
「ブルジョワ世界の終わりに」から見たゴーディマの意欲についてー脳の前頭葉の活動を中心に１２
【連想分析2】
表7 情報の認知（医学情報から人工知能）
クイーンとアランの結婚式で、マックスがスピーチする場面
情報の認知1 情報の認知2 情報の認知3 人工知能1
Ａ …don't let the world begin and end for you with the - how many is it? four hundred? - people sitting here in this - the Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club today. These good friends of our parents and Allan's parents, our father's regional chairman and the former ministers of this and that and all the others, I don't know the names but I recognize the faces, all right - who have mode us, and made this club, and made this country what it is.'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、1 人工知能1、1
Ｂ 'There's a whole world outside this.' 'Shut outside. Kept out. Shutting this in ... Don't stay inside and let your arteries harden, like theirs ... I'm not talking about the sort of thing some of them have, those who have had their thrombosis, I don't mean veins gone furry through sitting around in places like this fine club and having more than enough to eat-'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、1 人工知能1、1
Ｃ 'What I'm asking you to look out for is - is moral sclerosis. Moral sclerosis. Hardening of the heart, narrowing of the mind; while the dividends go up. The thing that makes them distribute free blankets in the location in winter, while refusing to pay wages people could live on. Smugness. Among us, you can't be too young to pick it up. It sets in pretty quick. More widespread than bilharzia in the rivers, and a damned sight harder to cure.'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、1 人工知能1、2
Ｄ There was a murmurous titter. The uncle beside me whispered anxiously, 'He's inherited his father's gifts as a spesker.' 'It's a hundred per cent endemic in places like this Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club, and in all the suburbs you're likely to choose from to live in. Just don't be too sure they're healthy, our nice clean suburbs for white only.'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、2 人工知能1、2
Ｅ '-and your children. If you have babies, Queenie and Allan, don't worry too much about who kisses them - it's what they'll tell them later, that infects. It's what being nicely brought up will make of them that you've got to watch out for. Moral sclerosis - yes, that's all I wanted to say, just stay alive and feeling and thinking - and that's all I can say that'll be of any use ...'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、1 人工知能1、2
（1）「ブルジョワ世界の終わりに」執筆時のゴーディマの脳の活動を意欲と考えており、その裏には、先にも書いた、南アフリカの白人がアパルトヘイトに対する社会の変革にどうのように関与できるのかという問題がある。
（2）意欲と組になるものを、知能、つまり適応能力にする。意欲とは、意志と欲求からなり、このバランスが悪いと、適応能力は発揮できない。
（3）情報の認知1（感覚情報）：感覚器官からの情報に注目することから、対象の捉え方が問題になる。また、記憶に基づく感情は、扁桃体と関係しているため、条件反射で無意識に素振りに出てしまう。このプロセルのカラムの特徴は、①ベースとプロファイル、②グループ化、③条件反射である。
（4）情報の認知2（記憶と学習）：外部からの情報を既存の知識構造へ組み込む。この新しい知識はスキーマと呼ばれ、既存の情報と共通する特徴を持っている。また、未知の情報はカテゴリー化されて、経験を通した学習につながる。このプロセルのカラムの特徴は、①旧情報、②新情報である。
（5）情報の認知3（計画、問題解決）：受け取った情報は、計画を立てるプロセスでも役に立つ。その際、目的に応じて問題を分析し、解決策を探っていく。しかし、獲得した情報が完全でない場合は、推論が必要になる。このプロセルのカラムの特徴は、①計画から問題解決へ、②問題未解決から推論へ、である。
（6）人工知能1 心の働きのうち、①意欲と②適応能力に注目する。
Ａ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は①計画から問題解決へ、人工知能1は①意欲である。
Ｂ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は①計画から問題解決へ、人工知能1は①意欲である。
Ｃ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は①計画から問題解決へ、人工知能1は②適応能力である。
Ｄ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は②問題未解決から推論へ、人工知能1は②適応能力である。
Ｅ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は①計画から問題解決へ、人工知能1は②適応能力である。
結果
言語の認知の出力「空間と時間」が情報の認知の入力となり、まず南アフリカの白人たちがその対象になる。次に、彼らが感染している精神的な動脈硬化が情報の認知で新情報となり、結局、「空間と時間」は、白人居住区が汚染地区であるため、国作りという意欲と精神的な動脈硬化に感染しない適応能力からなる組みと相互に作用する。
上記場面は、妹の結婚式であるため、マックスの脳では、快楽の神経伝達物質ドーパミンが前頭葉で分泌し、間脳を経て脳幹に信号が伝わっている。
記憶については、Ａが長期記憶で、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅは作業記憶としている。この場面では作業記憶が強いため、ゴーディマの執筆脳は前頭葉が活発に働いている。
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より
表7 情報の認知（医学情報から人工知能）
クイーンとアランの結婚式で、マックスがスピーチする場面
情報の認知1 情報の認知2 情報の認知3 人工知能1
Ａ …don't let the world begin and end for you with the - how many is it? four hundred? - people sitting here in this - the Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club today. These good friends of our parents and Allan's parents, our father's regional chairman and the former ministers of this and that and all the others, I don't know the names but I recognize the faces, all right - who have mode us, and made this club, and made this country what it is.'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、1 人工知能1、1
Ｂ 'There's a whole world outside this.' 'Shut outside. Kept out. Shutting this in ... Don't stay inside and let your arteries harden, like theirs ... I'm not talking about the sort of thing some of them have, those who have had their thrombosis, I don't mean veins gone furry through sitting around in places like this fine club and having more than enough to eat-'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、1 人工知能1、1
Ｃ 'What I'm asking you to look out for is - is moral sclerosis. Moral sclerosis. Hardening of the heart, narrowing of the mind; while the dividends go up. The thing that makes them distribute free blankets in the location in winter, while refusing to pay wages people could live on. Smugness. Among us, you can't be too young to pick it up. It sets in pretty quick. More widespread than bilharzia in the rivers, and a damned sight harder to cure.'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、1 人工知能1、2
Ｄ There was a murmurous titter. The uncle beside me whispered anxiously, 'He's inherited his father's gifts as a spesker.' 'It's a hundred per cent endemic in places like this Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club, and in all the suburbs you're likely to choose from to live in. Just don't be too sure they're healthy, our nice clean suburbs for white only.'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、2 人工知能1、2
Ｅ '-and your children. If you have babies, Queenie and Allan, don't worry too much about who kisses them - it's what they'll tell them later, that infects. It's what being nicely brought up will make of them that you've got to watch out for. Moral sclerosis - yes, that's all I wanted to say, just stay alive and feeling and thinking - and that's all I can say that'll be of any use ...'
情報の認知1、2 情報の認知2、2 情報の認知3、1 人工知能1、2
（1）「ブルジョワ世界の終わりに」執筆時のゴーディマの脳の活動を意欲と考えており、その裏には、先にも書いた、南アフリカの白人がアパルトヘイトに対する社会の変革にどうのように関与できるのかという問題がある。
（2）意欲と組になるものを、知能、つまり適応能力にする。意欲とは、意志と欲求からなり、このバランスが悪いと、適応能力は発揮できない。
（3）情報の認知1（感覚情報）：感覚器官からの情報に注目することから、対象の捉え方が問題になる。また、記憶に基づく感情は、扁桃体と関係しているため、条件反射で無意識に素振りに出てしまう。このプロセルのカラムの特徴は、①ベースとプロファイル、②グループ化、③条件反射である。
（4）情報の認知2（記憶と学習）：外部からの情報を既存の知識構造へ組み込む。この新しい知識はスキーマと呼ばれ、既存の情報と共通する特徴を持っている。また、未知の情報はカテゴリー化されて、経験を通した学習につながる。このプロセルのカラムの特徴は、①旧情報、②新情報である。
（5）情報の認知3（計画、問題解決）：受け取った情報は、計画を立てるプロセスでも役に立つ。その際、目的に応じて問題を分析し、解決策を探っていく。しかし、獲得した情報が完全でない場合は、推論が必要になる。このプロセルのカラムの特徴は、①計画から問題解決へ、②問題未解決から推論へ、である。
（6）人工知能1 心の働きのうち、①意欲と②適応能力に注目する。
Ａ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は①計画から問題解決へ、人工知能1は①意欲である。
Ｂ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は①計画から問題解決へ、人工知能1は①意欲である。
Ｃ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は①計画から問題解決へ、人工知能1は②適応能力である。
Ｄ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は②問題未解決から推論へ、人工知能1は②適応能力である。
Ｅ：情報の認知1は②グループ化、情報の認知2は②新情報、情報の認知3は①計画から問題解決へ、人工知能1は②適応能力である。
結果
言語の認知の出力「空間と時間」が情報の認知の入力となり、まず南アフリカの白人たちがその対象になる。次に、彼らが感染している精神的な動脈硬化が情報の認知で新情報となり、結局、「空間と時間」は、白人居住区が汚染地区であるため、国作りという意欲と精神的な動脈硬化に感染しない適応能力からなる組みと相互に作用する。
上記場面は、妹の結婚式であるため、マックスの脳では、快楽の神経伝達物質ドーパミンが前頭葉で分泌し、間脳を経て脳幹に信号が伝わっている。
記憶については、Ａが長期記憶で、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅは作業記憶としている。この場面では作業記憶が強いため、ゴーディマの執筆脳は前頭葉が活発に働いている。
花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より
