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2013年09月21日
忙しいOLや主婦に最適なクレンジングジェル ダブル洗顔が不要！
ドクターズコスメ のリ・ダーマラボが提供するモイストゲルクレンジングを知ったのは数ヶ月前です。
w洗顔不要のクレンジング というので、これは子育てで忙しい時間を過ごしている妻に最適だと思い、通販で購入しました。
モイストゲルクレンジングは、お肌にやさしいこんにゃくスクラブでつくられたクレンジングジェルなんです。
妻の話によれは、このクレンジングジェルでは、お肌の汚れを落としながら同時に保湿もできるということです。
こんにゃくスクラブは植物性なので、毛穴を痛めることなしに優しく洗浄してくれます。
忙しい朝一番の時間帯なんですが、洗顔はこれ一発で、しかもダブル洗顔が不必要なので、大幅な時間の節約につながっています。
それでいてしっとりとした妻のお肌をみると、こんにゃくスクラブの威力を思い知らされます。
素晴らしいクレンジング ジェルにめぐりあえました。
最近このクレンジングジェル、メディアでもたくさん紹介されています。
VERY5月号に掲載の女性たちのお肌はしっとりとして美しいですね。
ひよこクラブ8月号では可愛い赤ちゃんが印象的でした。基本は赤ちゃんのお肌でしょうね。
レビューブログからの情報です
モイストゲルプラスのおかげでお肌に確かな潤いが戻りました（妻の体験です）
ドクターズコスメ のオールインワンゲルはたった一回のお肌の手入れで三つの効果があります。
トリプル効果なんですが、お肌の徹底保湿、低刺激、エイジングケアの３つの効果が同時に期待できるんです。
スキンケア化粧品通販 のRe dermalab（リ・ダーマラボ）というサイトでオールインワンゲルを知ったのは数ヶ月前なんです。
オールインワンという意味なんですが、化粧水、乳液、美容液、クリームの機能が合体しているという意味なんです。
オールインワン通販 で購入して使っているのはモイストゲルプラスです。
妻の話しによれば、モイストゲルプラスはお肌の水分を保つ力が抜群だということなのです。
潤いのあるお肌を長時間にわたり保つことが出来るんです。（妻体験談）
最近メディアでもさかんに紹介されています。
Cancam9月号に掲載されましたが皆さん若々しいですね。
おはよう奥さん9月号に掲載されましたが、こちらは素敵な奥様たちで賑わっています。
＠コスメではオールインワンゲル部門で第1位獲得しました（8/9現在）、凄い人気ですね。
オールインワンゲル 口コミ で、その効果が確かめられますよ。
おすすめです。
レビューブログからの情報をいただきました
南シナ海情勢 日米ＡＳＥＡＮで対中連携を
The Yomiuri Shimbun September 20, 2013
Japan, U.S. and ASEAN must team up to counter China’s maritime advance
南シナ海情勢 日米ＡＳＥＡＮで対中連携を（9月19日付・読売社説）
It is becoming apparent that China intends to strengthen its hegemony in the South China Sea while stalling for time in drawing up a code of conduct to avoid hostilities.
紛争を避けるルール作りで時間稼ぎをする間に南シナ海での支配力を強める。中国のそんな意図が見えてきた。
China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations held the first official talks among senior officials to move toward deciding on a code of conduct to regulate the activities of countries concerned in the South China Sea.
中国と東南アジア諸国連合（ＡＳＥＡＮ）は、南シナ海で各国の行動を規制する「行動規範」の策定に向けた初の公式高官協議を行った。
Yet China remained halfhearted over the issue throughout the talks, with the meeting only deciding on the establishment of a meeting of experts.
だが、中国は消極的態度に終始し、専門家会合設置を決めるにとどまった。
In the South China Sea, China is in conflict with such ASEAN countries as the Philippines and Vietnam regarding sovereignty over the Spratly Islands and other islands and reefs.
南シナ海では、南沙諸島などの領有権を巡り、中国と、フィリピン、ベトナムなどＡＳＥＡＮ加盟国が対立している。
China asserts a claim of exclusive sovereignty over not only the Spratly Islands but nearly all of the South China Sea. Yet it has not brought the international community around to its point of view.
中国は、南沙諸島だけでなく、南シナ海ほぼ全域で独占的な権益を持つと主張しているが、国際的な理解は得られていない。
For over a decade, the ASEAN countries have been trying to secure agreement from China on the establishment of rules of conduct to prevent overt hostilities in the South China Sea. Yet, with its overwhelming military and economic power, China refused to hold such a meeting until recently.
ＡＳＥＡＮは中国に対して、１０年以上にわたり紛争防止のためのルール作りを働きかけてきた。しかし、軍事的にも経済的にも圧倒的な力を持つ中国は協議を受け入れてこなかった。
It is regrettable that even when China finally did come to the negotiating table, it proposed discussing other issues instead and would not go into a detailed discussion on the code of conduct.
ようやくテーブルに着いたものの、中国が別の議題を提示し、行動規範で突っ込んだ議論をしようとしなかったのは残念である。
Scarborough stare-down
In the South China Sea, with no code of conduct for concerned countries, the crisis is only deepening. The current focal point lies in the conflict between the Philippines and China.
ルールなき南シナ海で、危機は深まる一方である。現在の焦点は、フィリピンと中国の対立だ。
Around the disputed Scarborough Shoal, over which both countries claim sovereignty, naval vessels from the two sides faced each other for two months. The government of the Philippines said that after it moved its vessels away, China placed concrete blocks on the shoal.
係争地スカボロー礁では、昨年、両国の艦船が２か月間にらみ合った。比政府によると、フィリピンが艦船を引き揚げた後、中国がコンクリートブロックを据え付けたという。
Earlier this year, the Philippines filed a request for arbitration under the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, asserting that China’s claim of sovereignty over the shoal is unlawful. This month, China held an exhibition inviting heads of ASEAN member countries. But the president of the Philippines was not invited.
フィリピンは今年に入り、国連海洋法条約に基づき、中国の領有権の主張は不当であるとして、仲裁裁判を申請した。今月、中国では、ＡＳＥＡＮ首脳らを招いた博覧会が開かれたが、比大統領は招待されなかった。
The snub must be interpreted as an attempt by China to rebuke the Philippines over the country’s having taken legal action against China.
法的手段に訴えたフィリピンへの、中国の嫌がらせと取られても仕方がない。
It is understandable that the Philippines, pressured physically by China, has been intensifying relations with the United States and Japan.
中国に物理的圧力をかけられたフィリピンが、米国や日本へ接近を強めているのは理解できる。
While having expanded a joint military exercise with the United States, the Philippines is moving ahead in talks with the United States that are likely to lead, in effect, to the stationing of U.S. forces in the Philippines again. There is a possibility that the Subic naval base, once a strategic foothold for the United States, will again be used for the deployment of U.S. forces.
米比共同軍事訓練を強化したほか、実質的な米軍再駐留につながる協議を進めている。かつての米戦略拠点だったスービック海軍基地が再び米軍の展開に使われる可能性もある。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, since he took office last December, has intensively visited ASEAN countries and presented his plan of providing 10 patrol vessels to the Philippines.
安倍首相は就任以来、ＡＳＥＡＮ諸国を重点的に歴訪し、フィリピンには巡視船１０隻を供与する方針を示した。
For both Japan and the United States, which face the expanding presence of China in the East China Sea and the western Pacific, the significance of cooperating with ASEAN member countries by taking concerted actions with them is not limited to the South China Sea. It will help their efforts to check China from expanding its maritime activities elsewhere as well.
東シナ海や西太平洋で中国の膨張に直面する日米両国にとって、歩調を合わせてＡＳＥＡＮ諸国と連携する意味合いは、南シナ海にとどまらない。中国の海洋進出全体を牽制(けんせい)することにもなろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 19, 2013)
（2013年9月19日01時32分 読売新聞）
Japan, U.S. and ASEAN must team up to counter China’s maritime advance
南シナ海情勢 日米ＡＳＥＡＮで対中連携を（9月19日付・読売社説）
It is becoming apparent that China intends to strengthen its hegemony in the South China Sea while stalling for time in drawing up a code of conduct to avoid hostilities.
紛争を避けるルール作りで時間稼ぎをする間に南シナ海での支配力を強める。中国のそんな意図が見えてきた。
China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations held the first official talks among senior officials to move toward deciding on a code of conduct to regulate the activities of countries concerned in the South China Sea.
中国と東南アジア諸国連合（ＡＳＥＡＮ）は、南シナ海で各国の行動を規制する「行動規範」の策定に向けた初の公式高官協議を行った。
Yet China remained halfhearted over the issue throughout the talks, with the meeting only deciding on the establishment of a meeting of experts.
だが、中国は消極的態度に終始し、専門家会合設置を決めるにとどまった。
In the South China Sea, China is in conflict with such ASEAN countries as the Philippines and Vietnam regarding sovereignty over the Spratly Islands and other islands and reefs.
南シナ海では、南沙諸島などの領有権を巡り、中国と、フィリピン、ベトナムなどＡＳＥＡＮ加盟国が対立している。
China asserts a claim of exclusive sovereignty over not only the Spratly Islands but nearly all of the South China Sea. Yet it has not brought the international community around to its point of view.
中国は、南沙諸島だけでなく、南シナ海ほぼ全域で独占的な権益を持つと主張しているが、国際的な理解は得られていない。
For over a decade, the ASEAN countries have been trying to secure agreement from China on the establishment of rules of conduct to prevent overt hostilities in the South China Sea. Yet, with its overwhelming military and economic power, China refused to hold such a meeting until recently.
ＡＳＥＡＮは中国に対して、１０年以上にわたり紛争防止のためのルール作りを働きかけてきた。しかし、軍事的にも経済的にも圧倒的な力を持つ中国は協議を受け入れてこなかった。
It is regrettable that even when China finally did come to the negotiating table, it proposed discussing other issues instead and would not go into a detailed discussion on the code of conduct.
ようやくテーブルに着いたものの、中国が別の議題を提示し、行動規範で突っ込んだ議論をしようとしなかったのは残念である。
Scarborough stare-down
In the South China Sea, with no code of conduct for concerned countries, the crisis is only deepening. The current focal point lies in the conflict between the Philippines and China.
ルールなき南シナ海で、危機は深まる一方である。現在の焦点は、フィリピンと中国の対立だ。
Around the disputed Scarborough Shoal, over which both countries claim sovereignty, naval vessels from the two sides faced each other for two months. The government of the Philippines said that after it moved its vessels away, China placed concrete blocks on the shoal.
係争地スカボロー礁では、昨年、両国の艦船が２か月間にらみ合った。比政府によると、フィリピンが艦船を引き揚げた後、中国がコンクリートブロックを据え付けたという。
Earlier this year, the Philippines filed a request for arbitration under the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, asserting that China’s claim of sovereignty over the shoal is unlawful. This month, China held an exhibition inviting heads of ASEAN member countries. But the president of the Philippines was not invited.
フィリピンは今年に入り、国連海洋法条約に基づき、中国の領有権の主張は不当であるとして、仲裁裁判を申請した。今月、中国では、ＡＳＥＡＮ首脳らを招いた博覧会が開かれたが、比大統領は招待されなかった。
The snub must be interpreted as an attempt by China to rebuke the Philippines over the country’s having taken legal action against China.
法的手段に訴えたフィリピンへの、中国の嫌がらせと取られても仕方がない。
It is understandable that the Philippines, pressured physically by China, has been intensifying relations with the United States and Japan.
中国に物理的圧力をかけられたフィリピンが、米国や日本へ接近を強めているのは理解できる。
While having expanded a joint military exercise with the United States, the Philippines is moving ahead in talks with the United States that are likely to lead, in effect, to the stationing of U.S. forces in the Philippines again. There is a possibility that the Subic naval base, once a strategic foothold for the United States, will again be used for the deployment of U.S. forces.
米比共同軍事訓練を強化したほか、実質的な米軍再駐留につながる協議を進めている。かつての米戦略拠点だったスービック海軍基地が再び米軍の展開に使われる可能性もある。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, since he took office last December, has intensively visited ASEAN countries and presented his plan of providing 10 patrol vessels to the Philippines.
安倍首相は就任以来、ＡＳＥＡＮ諸国を重点的に歴訪し、フィリピンには巡視船１０隻を供与する方針を示した。
For both Japan and the United States, which face the expanding presence of China in the East China Sea and the western Pacific, the significance of cooperating with ASEAN member countries by taking concerted actions with them is not limited to the South China Sea. It will help their efforts to check China from expanding its maritime activities elsewhere as well.
東シナ海や西太平洋で中国の膨張に直面する日米両国にとって、歩調を合わせてＡＳＥＡＮ諸国と連携する意味合いは、南シナ海にとどまらない。中国の海洋進出全体を牽制(けんせい)することにもなろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 19, 2013)
（2013年9月19日01時32分 読売新聞）
2013年09月20日
園児犠牲訴訟 津波への予見と情報があれば
The Yomiuri Shimbun September 19, 2013
Kindergartens must ensure safety of children when disasters occur
園児犠牲訴訟 津波への予見と情報があれば（9月18日付・読売社説）
A private kindergarten in Miyagi Prefecture has been taken to task in a court ruling on a lawsuit filed by parents whose kindergarten children died in the March 2011 disaster. The ruling blamed the kindergarten for failing to protect its pupils from the tsunami triggered by the catastrophic Great East Japan Earthquake, and the facility’s operator was ordered to pay compensation. This may serve as a wake-up call for facilities taking care of small children.
津波から園児の命を守れなかった責任は、幼稚園にある。幼い子供を預かる施設への警鐘と言える賠償命令だ。
On Tuesday, the Sendai District Court ordered the kindergarten’s operator to pay about \177 million in compensation to the parents of four children who died along with a kindergarten employee when the tsunami engulfed their school bus immediately after the earthquake.
東日本大震災の直後、宮城県石巻市の私立幼稚園の送迎バスが津波に巻き込まれ、園児らが死亡した事故で、仙台地裁は幼稚園側に約１億７７００万円の損害賠償を命じた。
The lawsuit had been filed by the parents, who argued that the deaths were caused by the kindergarten’s failure to take appropriate action to protect their children’s lives. In supporting the plaintiffs, the district court concluded that the kindergarten had neglected to gather information about the likelihood of a tsunami following the quake.
死亡した園児４人の両親が「園の対応の悪さが引き起こした人災だ」と訴えていた。判決は「津波に関する情報収集義務を怠った」と結論付け、訴えを認めた。
Kindergarten pupils are far less competent in avoiding danger than grown-ups. It is difficult for them to escape to safety at their own discretion in an emergency.
幼い園児は、危険を回避する能力が大人ほど発達していない。津波襲来の際などには、自らの判断で避難することは困難だ。
The court ruling was quite reasonable in stating that there was no way for kindergarten children to ensure their safety other than to trust the school’s director and teachers and follow their instructions.
判決が「園長、教諭を信頼して指導に従うほかに生命身体を守る手立てがない」と指摘したのは、もっともである。
Kindergartens are duty-bound to protect the safety of their pupils. In fact, the court ruling stated that kindergartens are obliged to anticipate possible danger and do their utmost to avert any threat.
手立てがない以上、幼稚園には、子供の安全を守る高度な義務が課される。判決も「危険性を予見し、回避する最善の措置を取る義務を負う」と判断した。
Based on this, the court placed the blame on the kindergarten in Ishinomaki, arguing that the facility should have expected the arrival of a tsunami considering that an earthquake with a maximum seismic intensity of lower 6 on the Japanese scale of 7 had continued for about three minutes. The ruling said the kindergarten should have listened closely to the radio and the community public address system to gather information about a possible tsunami.
その上で、最大震度６弱の揺れが約３分間も続いたことを考えれば、園側が津波襲来を予見するのは可能であり、「ラジオや防災無線を正確に聴く必要があった」と、園側の落ち度を認定した。
No preparations made
During the trial, the kindergarten insisted that the tragedy was an unavoidable accident caused by a devastating tsunami that could not have been foreseen.
園側は「予測不可能な異常な津波で引き起こされた不可抗力による事故」と主張してきた。
It should be noted, however, that the bus taking the children home was headed toward the sea after leaving the kindergarten, which was on elevated ground. It was reasonable for the four children’s parents to argue that the loss of life should be attributed to the kindergarten’s thoughtless conduct, especially as the facility itself was not affected by the tsunami.
だが、幼稚園は高台にあるのに、園児を自宅に送り届けようとバスは海側に向かった。園自体は津波被害を受けなかっただけに、園児の両親が「園の行為で犠牲が出た」と訴えたのは理解できる。
A manual prepared by the kindergarten to protect its pupils whenever a major earthquake occurs requires its employees to ensure the children take refuge in the facility’s play area at first, and then allow them to return home with their parents when they arrive to pick them up. However, most of the kindergarten’s staff had not known of the manual. No disaster drills had been carried out in accordance with the manual, either.
大地震の際は園庭に避難し、保護者が迎えに来てから園児を引き渡すとの園のマニュアルがあるにもかかわらず、教職員の大半が存在を知らず、マニュアルに沿った訓練も実施しなかったという。
Evidently, the kindergarten lacked preparations regarding a massive earthquake and possible tsunami.
大地震と津波への備えを欠いていたのは明らかだろう。
If the kindergarten appeals to a higher court, a new round of hearings will start. It remains to be seen whether the kindergarten will be able to pay the massive amount of court-ordered compensation.
園側が控訴すれば、訴訟は続くが、多額の賠償命令に対し、園側に支払い能力はあるのかという問題は残る。
If a feared massive Nankai Trough earthquake actually strikes, a tsunami is predicted to follow that would cause damage in excess of that incurred by the Great East Japan Earthquake.
南海トラフ巨大地震では、東日本大震災を上回る規模の津波被害が想定されている。
Kindergartens must secure evacuation sites and routes in preparation for such a disaster, while also conducting periodic disaster drills to make sure their teaching staff and pupils know how to use them. This task should be tackled immediately by all facilities that take care of children, including day-care centers and primary schools.
避難場所や経路を確保し、日ごろの訓練で教職員や子供に徹底させる。幼稚園だけでなく、保育所や小学校など、子供のいる施設が早急に取り組むべき課題だ。
At municipally run kindergartens in Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture, children, teachers and all other staff conduct drills in which they evacuate to higher ground almost every day. This is the kind of effort that should be made in other parts of the country.
和歌山県串本町の町立幼稚園では、ほぼ毎日、園児と職員全員が高台への避難訓練を続けている。こうした取り組みを広げたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 18, 2013)
（2013年9月18日01時28分 読売新聞）
Kindergartens must ensure safety of children when disasters occur
園児犠牲訴訟 津波への予見と情報があれば（9月18日付・読売社説）
A private kindergarten in Miyagi Prefecture has been taken to task in a court ruling on a lawsuit filed by parents whose kindergarten children died in the March 2011 disaster. The ruling blamed the kindergarten for failing to protect its pupils from the tsunami triggered by the catastrophic Great East Japan Earthquake, and the facility’s operator was ordered to pay compensation. This may serve as a wake-up call for facilities taking care of small children.
津波から園児の命を守れなかった責任は、幼稚園にある。幼い子供を預かる施設への警鐘と言える賠償命令だ。
On Tuesday, the Sendai District Court ordered the kindergarten’s operator to pay about \177 million in compensation to the parents of four children who died along with a kindergarten employee when the tsunami engulfed their school bus immediately after the earthquake.
東日本大震災の直後、宮城県石巻市の私立幼稚園の送迎バスが津波に巻き込まれ、園児らが死亡した事故で、仙台地裁は幼稚園側に約１億７７００万円の損害賠償を命じた。
The lawsuit had been filed by the parents, who argued that the deaths were caused by the kindergarten’s failure to take appropriate action to protect their children’s lives. In supporting the plaintiffs, the district court concluded that the kindergarten had neglected to gather information about the likelihood of a tsunami following the quake.
死亡した園児４人の両親が「園の対応の悪さが引き起こした人災だ」と訴えていた。判決は「津波に関する情報収集義務を怠った」と結論付け、訴えを認めた。
Kindergarten pupils are far less competent in avoiding danger than grown-ups. It is difficult for them to escape to safety at their own discretion in an emergency.
幼い園児は、危険を回避する能力が大人ほど発達していない。津波襲来の際などには、自らの判断で避難することは困難だ。
The court ruling was quite reasonable in stating that there was no way for kindergarten children to ensure their safety other than to trust the school’s director and teachers and follow their instructions.
判決が「園長、教諭を信頼して指導に従うほかに生命身体を守る手立てがない」と指摘したのは、もっともである。
Kindergartens are duty-bound to protect the safety of their pupils. In fact, the court ruling stated that kindergartens are obliged to anticipate possible danger and do their utmost to avert any threat.
手立てがない以上、幼稚園には、子供の安全を守る高度な義務が課される。判決も「危険性を予見し、回避する最善の措置を取る義務を負う」と判断した。
Based on this, the court placed the blame on the kindergarten in Ishinomaki, arguing that the facility should have expected the arrival of a tsunami considering that an earthquake with a maximum seismic intensity of lower 6 on the Japanese scale of 7 had continued for about three minutes. The ruling said the kindergarten should have listened closely to the radio and the community public address system to gather information about a possible tsunami.
その上で、最大震度６弱の揺れが約３分間も続いたことを考えれば、園側が津波襲来を予見するのは可能であり、「ラジオや防災無線を正確に聴く必要があった」と、園側の落ち度を認定した。
No preparations made
During the trial, the kindergarten insisted that the tragedy was an unavoidable accident caused by a devastating tsunami that could not have been foreseen.
園側は「予測不可能な異常な津波で引き起こされた不可抗力による事故」と主張してきた。
It should be noted, however, that the bus taking the children home was headed toward the sea after leaving the kindergarten, which was on elevated ground. It was reasonable for the four children’s parents to argue that the loss of life should be attributed to the kindergarten’s thoughtless conduct, especially as the facility itself was not affected by the tsunami.
だが、幼稚園は高台にあるのに、園児を自宅に送り届けようとバスは海側に向かった。園自体は津波被害を受けなかっただけに、園児の両親が「園の行為で犠牲が出た」と訴えたのは理解できる。
A manual prepared by the kindergarten to protect its pupils whenever a major earthquake occurs requires its employees to ensure the children take refuge in the facility’s play area at first, and then allow them to return home with their parents when they arrive to pick them up. However, most of the kindergarten’s staff had not known of the manual. No disaster drills had been carried out in accordance with the manual, either.
大地震の際は園庭に避難し、保護者が迎えに来てから園児を引き渡すとの園のマニュアルがあるにもかかわらず、教職員の大半が存在を知らず、マニュアルに沿った訓練も実施しなかったという。
Evidently, the kindergarten lacked preparations regarding a massive earthquake and possible tsunami.
大地震と津波への備えを欠いていたのは明らかだろう。
If the kindergarten appeals to a higher court, a new round of hearings will start. It remains to be seen whether the kindergarten will be able to pay the massive amount of court-ordered compensation.
園側が控訴すれば、訴訟は続くが、多額の賠償命令に対し、園側に支払い能力はあるのかという問題は残る。
If a feared massive Nankai Trough earthquake actually strikes, a tsunami is predicted to follow that would cause damage in excess of that incurred by the Great East Japan Earthquake.
南海トラフ巨大地震では、東日本大震災を上回る規模の津波被害が想定されている。
Kindergartens must secure evacuation sites and routes in preparation for such a disaster, while also conducting periodic disaster drills to make sure their teaching staff and pupils know how to use them. This task should be tackled immediately by all facilities that take care of children, including day-care centers and primary schools.
避難場所や経路を確保し、日ごろの訓練で教職員や子供に徹底させる。幼稚園だけでなく、保育所や小学校など、子供のいる施設が早急に取り組むべき課題だ。
At municipally run kindergartens in Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture, children, teachers and all other staff conduct drills in which they evacuate to higher ground almost every day. This is the kind of effort that should be made in other parts of the country.
和歌山県串本町の町立幼稚園では、ほぼ毎日、園児と職員全員が高台への避難訓練を続けている。こうした取り組みを広げたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 18, 2013)
（2013年9月18日01時28分 読売新聞）
2013年09月19日
法科大学院 優秀な人材をどう集めるか
The Yomiuri Shimbun September 18, 2013
Nation’s law schools must improve for the good of the profession, society
法科大学院 優秀な人材をどう集めるか（9月17日付・読売社説）
If things are left as they are, talented young people may no longer be attracted to careers in law. The nation’s law schools, meant to be the core of efforts to foster legal professionals, have fallen into a critical situation.
このままでは、優秀な人材が法曹界に集まらなくなるのではないか。
法曹養成の中核である法科大学院が、危機的な状況に陥っている。
The number of people who passed this year’s national bar exam after graduating from law school stood at 1,929. The pass rate remains low. Hovering around 26 percent, it is a far cry from the 70-80 percent rate originally assumed.
今年の司法試験で、法科大学院の修了生の合格者は１９２９人、合格率は約２６％と低迷を続けている。当初想定された７〜８割という合格率には遠く及ばない。
In light of such a reality, students are becoming less interested in going to law school. The number of applicants for law school enrollment this spring has fallen to one-fifth of what it was at its peak.
こうした現状から、学生の法科大学院離れは進む一方だ。入学志願者は減少し、今春はピーク時の５分の１に落ち込んだ。
The popularity of law departments at universities is also declining. At national and other public universities, the number of students applying to law departments has fallen by about 10 percent over the past two years.
大学の法学部人気も低下しており、国公立大学では法学部の志願者がこの２年で約１割減った。
As one of the three branches of government depends on a strong pool of legal talent, the foundation of a state under the rule of law may be shaken if the number of young people who aspire to enter legal circles declines.
三権の一角を担う法曹界を目指す若者が減れば、法治国家の根幹が揺らぎかねない。
The first law schools opened in 2004 to further judicial system reform by “fostering an ample source of legal professionals both in terms of quality and quantity.” The schools were initially expected to produce work-ready law practitioners equipped with specialized knowledge and legal analytical abilities.
法科大学院は、「質・量ともに豊かな法曹を育てる」という司法制度改革の理念の下、２００４年に開校した。専門知識と法的分析力を備えた即戦力の実務家を育成することが期待された。
Yet as the Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry broadly allowed many academic institutions to open law schools, as many as 74 law schools with varying levels of quality have opened. As a result, a number of schools had only single-digit numbers of their students pass the national exam for the year.
ところが、文部科学省が広く参入を認めた結果、７４校が乱立し、司法試験の合格者数が１けたにとどまるところが続出した。
Weed out subpar schools
Next fiscal year, the education ministry is set to cut its subsidies to 18 law schools that have failed to produce strong results, as the pass rate of their students remains low. The cut is designed to urge these schools to integrate with other schools or leave the field altogether. Law schools that fail in fostering legal professionals must inevitably be weeded out.
文科省は来年度、司法試験の合格率低迷など、実績を上げられない法科大学院１８校の補助金を減額する方針だ。統廃合を促す狙いがある。養成機能を果たせない法科大学院の淘汰(とうた)はやむを得ない。
Meanwhile, the number of people who passed the bar exam without graduating from law school has been increasing sharply. Such people become eligible to take the bar exam after passing a preliminary qualification test. This year, the number who succeeded surged to 120, nearly double last year’s figure.
一方、法科大学院を修了せずに司法試験の受験資格を得られる「予備試験」経由者の合格が急増している。今年は前年の約２倍の１２０人を数えた。
The preliminary test system was introduced to open the way for people unable to enroll in law school for economic reasons to tackle the bar exam. Despite this purpose, many law school students used the preliminary exam to take and pass the bar exam without graduating from law school.
予備試験は、経済的理由で法科大学院に通えない人にも司法試験に挑戦する道を開くために設けられた。にもかかわらず、今年の司法試験に合格した予備試験組には法科大学院在学生が目立つ。
If an increasing number of people use the preliminary test as a shortcut to pass the bar exam without completing their law school studies, the hollowing out of law schools will only accelerate.
法科大学院で学ぶ過程を省く「近道」として予備試験を利用する人が増え続ければ、法科大学院の空洞化が進むだけだ。
If the law school system is to be maintained, it is necessary to review it, such as by allowing law school graduates to take the bar exam more often, so that students will become more willing to go on to law school.
法科大学院制度を維持するなら、修了者に対し、司法試験の受験回数の制限を大幅に緩和するなど、学生が法科大学院に進みたいと思うような見直しが必要だ。
Needless to say, law schools, for their part, are asked to strive to improve their quality of education.
無論、法科大学院にも教育の質向上の取り組みが求められる。
Furthermore, the current situation in which many of those who have passed the bar exam and become lawyers are unable to find jobs is serious.
司法試験に受かり、弁護士になっても、働き口が見つからない状況も深刻だ。
It is naturally expected that students will tend to shy away from entering the legal profession as long as there is little prospect of employment.
将来の展望が開けないのでは、学生が法曹界を敬遠するのも無理はない。
The government and legal circles must discuss ways to expand the range of activities for lawyers by, for instance, expanding their job opportunities in local governments and private businesses as soon as possible.
自治体や企業による雇用拡大など、弁護士の活動領域を広げる方策について、政府と法曹界は早急に検討すべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 17, 2013)
（2013年9月17日02時11分 読売新聞）
Nation’s law schools must improve for the good of the profession, society
法科大学院 優秀な人材をどう集めるか（9月17日付・読売社説）
If things are left as they are, talented young people may no longer be attracted to careers in law. The nation’s law schools, meant to be the core of efforts to foster legal professionals, have fallen into a critical situation.
このままでは、優秀な人材が法曹界に集まらなくなるのではないか。
法曹養成の中核である法科大学院が、危機的な状況に陥っている。
The number of people who passed this year’s national bar exam after graduating from law school stood at 1,929. The pass rate remains low. Hovering around 26 percent, it is a far cry from the 70-80 percent rate originally assumed.
今年の司法試験で、法科大学院の修了生の合格者は１９２９人、合格率は約２６％と低迷を続けている。当初想定された７〜８割という合格率には遠く及ばない。
In light of such a reality, students are becoming less interested in going to law school. The number of applicants for law school enrollment this spring has fallen to one-fifth of what it was at its peak.
こうした現状から、学生の法科大学院離れは進む一方だ。入学志願者は減少し、今春はピーク時の５分の１に落ち込んだ。
The popularity of law departments at universities is also declining. At national and other public universities, the number of students applying to law departments has fallen by about 10 percent over the past two years.
大学の法学部人気も低下しており、国公立大学では法学部の志願者がこの２年で約１割減った。
As one of the three branches of government depends on a strong pool of legal talent, the foundation of a state under the rule of law may be shaken if the number of young people who aspire to enter legal circles declines.
三権の一角を担う法曹界を目指す若者が減れば、法治国家の根幹が揺らぎかねない。
The first law schools opened in 2004 to further judicial system reform by “fostering an ample source of legal professionals both in terms of quality and quantity.” The schools were initially expected to produce work-ready law practitioners equipped with specialized knowledge and legal analytical abilities.
法科大学院は、「質・量ともに豊かな法曹を育てる」という司法制度改革の理念の下、２００４年に開校した。専門知識と法的分析力を備えた即戦力の実務家を育成することが期待された。
Yet as the Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry broadly allowed many academic institutions to open law schools, as many as 74 law schools with varying levels of quality have opened. As a result, a number of schools had only single-digit numbers of their students pass the national exam for the year.
ところが、文部科学省が広く参入を認めた結果、７４校が乱立し、司法試験の合格者数が１けたにとどまるところが続出した。
Weed out subpar schools
Next fiscal year, the education ministry is set to cut its subsidies to 18 law schools that have failed to produce strong results, as the pass rate of their students remains low. The cut is designed to urge these schools to integrate with other schools or leave the field altogether. Law schools that fail in fostering legal professionals must inevitably be weeded out.
文科省は来年度、司法試験の合格率低迷など、実績を上げられない法科大学院１８校の補助金を減額する方針だ。統廃合を促す狙いがある。養成機能を果たせない法科大学院の淘汰(とうた)はやむを得ない。
Meanwhile, the number of people who passed the bar exam without graduating from law school has been increasing sharply. Such people become eligible to take the bar exam after passing a preliminary qualification test. This year, the number who succeeded surged to 120, nearly double last year’s figure.
一方、法科大学院を修了せずに司法試験の受験資格を得られる「予備試験」経由者の合格が急増している。今年は前年の約２倍の１２０人を数えた。
The preliminary test system was introduced to open the way for people unable to enroll in law school for economic reasons to tackle the bar exam. Despite this purpose, many law school students used the preliminary exam to take and pass the bar exam without graduating from law school.
予備試験は、経済的理由で法科大学院に通えない人にも司法試験に挑戦する道を開くために設けられた。にもかかわらず、今年の司法試験に合格した予備試験組には法科大学院在学生が目立つ。
If an increasing number of people use the preliminary test as a shortcut to pass the bar exam without completing their law school studies, the hollowing out of law schools will only accelerate.
法科大学院で学ぶ過程を省く「近道」として予備試験を利用する人が増え続ければ、法科大学院の空洞化が進むだけだ。
If the law school system is to be maintained, it is necessary to review it, such as by allowing law school graduates to take the bar exam more often, so that students will become more willing to go on to law school.
法科大学院制度を維持するなら、修了者に対し、司法試験の受験回数の制限を大幅に緩和するなど、学生が法科大学院に進みたいと思うような見直しが必要だ。
Needless to say, law schools, for their part, are asked to strive to improve their quality of education.
無論、法科大学院にも教育の質向上の取り組みが求められる。
Furthermore, the current situation in which many of those who have passed the bar exam and become lawyers are unable to find jobs is serious.
司法試験に受かり、弁護士になっても、働き口が見つからない状況も深刻だ。
It is naturally expected that students will tend to shy away from entering the legal profession as long as there is little prospect of employment.
将来の展望が開けないのでは、学生が法曹界を敬遠するのも無理はない。
The government and legal circles must discuss ways to expand the range of activities for lawyers by, for instance, expanding their job opportunities in local governments and private businesses as soon as possible.
自治体や企業による雇用拡大など、弁護士の活動領域を広げる方策について、政府と法曹界は早急に検討すべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 17, 2013)
（2013年9月17日02時11分 読売新聞）
2013年09月18日
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米露外相合意 シリアに時間稼ぎを許すな
The Yomiuri Shimbun September 17, 2013
U.S.-Russia agreement should not permit Syrian regime to buy time
米露外相合意 シリアに時間稼ぎを許すな（9月16日付・読売社説）
Military strikes against Syria have been averted, at least for now, apparently in a move aimed at achieving a political settlement to that country’s civil war. However, quite a few problems must be overcome.
軍事攻撃は当面回避され、内戦の政治解決に向けて一歩を踏み出した。だが、まだまだ不透明な点が少なくない。
The foreign ministerial talks between the United States and Russia that were held in Geneva for three days until Saturday produced an agreement designed to formulate a framework to eliminate Syria’s chemical weapons.
ジュネーブで３日間にわたって開かれた米露外相会談は、シリアの化学兵器全廃を目指す枠組みで合意した。
Under the Washington-Moscow accord, Syria must hand over a complete list of its chemical weapons arsenal within a week, and the U.N.-backed Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is scheduled to embark on inspections of Syria’s chemical weapons sites by November. Complete destruction of the arsenal is planned for the first half of 2014.
アサド政権に、すべての化学兵器を１週間以内に申告させ、１１月までに化学兵器禁止機関が査察を開始する。２０１４年前半までの完全廃棄を目標としている。
The accord, however, leaves one major question after another unanswered.
Is there any guarantee Syrian President Bashar Assad’s regime, which did not acknowledge until recently the existence of chemical weapons in the country, will unequivocally declare a list of its chemical weapons and live up to its promise to do away with them?
Will it be possible for OPCW inspectors to carry out effective inspections in the midst of a civil war?
ただ、化学兵器の存在すら認めてこなかった政権が正直に申告し、廃棄する保証があるのか。国内各地で戦闘の続く内戦下で、果たして実効性のある査察ができるのか。次々と疑問が浮かぶ。
In regard to North Korea’s nuclear weapons development program, we recall that Pyongyang, after committing to abandoning the program, maneuvered to have it delayed and eventually refused to accept inspections.
北朝鮮の核問題でも、北朝鮮はいったん核放棄を約束しながら、核計画の申告を遅らせ、査察を受け入れなかった。
The Assad government must never be allowed to buy time to prolong the life of the regime by deliberately delaying the implementation of the inspection accord.
アサド政権が、合意の履行を意図的に遅らせて、政権延命への時間稼ぎをするような事態を許してはなるまい。
UNSC resolution essential
The latest agreement came after Russia, the patron of the Assad administration, embarked on diplomatic arbitration in the wake of U.S. President Barack Obama’s announcement of plans to launch punitive military action against Syria following the Assad regime’s alleged use of chemical weapons.
今回の合意は、オバマ米大統領が、化学兵器使用への懲罰的軍事攻撃を表明したために、アサド政権の後見役のロシアが外交調停に乗り出し、実現したものだ。
After striking the deal with Moscow, Washington agreed to delay military operations against Damascus. The question over whether the Assad regime used chemical weapons has been shelved.
合意を受け、米国は軍事攻撃を当面先送りした。アサド政権が化学兵器を使用したかどうかは、棚上げされたままである。
The agreement stipulates that if the Assad administration fails to comply with the terms of the accord, including a ban on the use of chemical weapons and their transportation without prior permission, the U.N. Security Council would take measures based on Chapter VII of the U.N. Charter, which will pave the way for military sanctions.
合意文書には、化学兵器の使用や無許可の移送など、アサド政権が合意不履行の場合は、国連安全保障理事会が、武力制裁に道を開く国連憲章第７章に基づく措置を取るべきだと明記されている。
This means that strong pressure, including the threat of military strikes, is essential to ensure the Assad regime abides by the agreement to eliminate chemical weapons.
政権に合意を履行させるには、なお軍事行動を含む強力な圧力が必要ということだろう。
In a statement released after the agreement, Obama said, “If diplomacy fails, the United States remains prepared to act,” implying that the United States retains the option of carrying out military strikes.
オバマ大統領も、合意後の声明で、「外交が失敗すれば、米国は行動する用意がある」と述べ、米国として軍事攻撃の選択肢を維持する方針を強調した。
The U.N. Security Council, for its part, is set to draw up a resolution in response to the U.S.-Russia accord. The resolution must be adopted promptly, as it is indispensable for the international community as a whole to continue to exert pressure on the Assad regime to honor the accord.
安保理では、合意を受けた決議案を作成する。早期に採択し、国際社会全体でアサド政権に履行を促す努力が欠かせない。
The civil war has already claimed the lives of 100,000 people, and refugees total 2 million. It is imperative to end the war as soon as possible.
内戦では既に、１０万人が犠牲となり、２００万人が難民となった。一刻も早く戦闘を終わらせる方策を見つけなければならない。
The U.S. and Russian foreign ministers are scheduled to meet again in New York soon to discuss the feasibility of holding an international conference with both Assad regime officials and rebels taking part.
米露外相は近くニューヨークで再会談し、アサド政権と反体制派双方が参加する国際会議の開催に向け協議する。
The rebels are far from united, as they comprise a multitude of forces, such as Islamist groups and secular organizations. Diplomatic negotiations to resolve these differences face many difficulties.
反体制側は、イスラム主義勢力や世俗派など様々な勢力が入り乱れている。外交交渉の前途は多難である。
Japan, for that matter, should not stand idly by. It should expand its humanitarian aid, including refugee relief, to the Syrian people.
日本も手をこまねいてはいられない。難民対策など人道支援を一層充実させる必要があろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 16, 2013)
（2013年9月16日01時41分 読売新聞）
U.S.-Russia agreement should not permit Syrian regime to buy time
米露外相合意 シリアに時間稼ぎを許すな（9月16日付・読売社説）
Military strikes against Syria have been averted, at least for now, apparently in a move aimed at achieving a political settlement to that country’s civil war. However, quite a few problems must be overcome.
軍事攻撃は当面回避され、内戦の政治解決に向けて一歩を踏み出した。だが、まだまだ不透明な点が少なくない。
The foreign ministerial talks between the United States and Russia that were held in Geneva for three days until Saturday produced an agreement designed to formulate a framework to eliminate Syria’s chemical weapons.
ジュネーブで３日間にわたって開かれた米露外相会談は、シリアの化学兵器全廃を目指す枠組みで合意した。
Under the Washington-Moscow accord, Syria must hand over a complete list of its chemical weapons arsenal within a week, and the U.N.-backed Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is scheduled to embark on inspections of Syria’s chemical weapons sites by November. Complete destruction of the arsenal is planned for the first half of 2014.
アサド政権に、すべての化学兵器を１週間以内に申告させ、１１月までに化学兵器禁止機関が査察を開始する。２０１４年前半までの完全廃棄を目標としている。
The accord, however, leaves one major question after another unanswered.
Is there any guarantee Syrian President Bashar Assad’s regime, which did not acknowledge until recently the existence of chemical weapons in the country, will unequivocally declare a list of its chemical weapons and live up to its promise to do away with them?
Will it be possible for OPCW inspectors to carry out effective inspections in the midst of a civil war?
ただ、化学兵器の存在すら認めてこなかった政権が正直に申告し、廃棄する保証があるのか。国内各地で戦闘の続く内戦下で、果たして実効性のある査察ができるのか。次々と疑問が浮かぶ。
In regard to North Korea’s nuclear weapons development program, we recall that Pyongyang, after committing to abandoning the program, maneuvered to have it delayed and eventually refused to accept inspections.
北朝鮮の核問題でも、北朝鮮はいったん核放棄を約束しながら、核計画の申告を遅らせ、査察を受け入れなかった。
The Assad government must never be allowed to buy time to prolong the life of the regime by deliberately delaying the implementation of the inspection accord.
アサド政権が、合意の履行を意図的に遅らせて、政権延命への時間稼ぎをするような事態を許してはなるまい。
UNSC resolution essential
The latest agreement came after Russia, the patron of the Assad administration, embarked on diplomatic arbitration in the wake of U.S. President Barack Obama’s announcement of plans to launch punitive military action against Syria following the Assad regime’s alleged use of chemical weapons.
今回の合意は、オバマ米大統領が、化学兵器使用への懲罰的軍事攻撃を表明したために、アサド政権の後見役のロシアが外交調停に乗り出し、実現したものだ。
After striking the deal with Moscow, Washington agreed to delay military operations against Damascus. The question over whether the Assad regime used chemical weapons has been shelved.
合意を受け、米国は軍事攻撃を当面先送りした。アサド政権が化学兵器を使用したかどうかは、棚上げされたままである。
The agreement stipulates that if the Assad administration fails to comply with the terms of the accord, including a ban on the use of chemical weapons and their transportation without prior permission, the U.N. Security Council would take measures based on Chapter VII of the U.N. Charter, which will pave the way for military sanctions.
合意文書には、化学兵器の使用や無許可の移送など、アサド政権が合意不履行の場合は、国連安全保障理事会が、武力制裁に道を開く国連憲章第７章に基づく措置を取るべきだと明記されている。
This means that strong pressure, including the threat of military strikes, is essential to ensure the Assad regime abides by the agreement to eliminate chemical weapons.
政権に合意を履行させるには、なお軍事行動を含む強力な圧力が必要ということだろう。
In a statement released after the agreement, Obama said, “If diplomacy fails, the United States remains prepared to act,” implying that the United States retains the option of carrying out military strikes.
オバマ大統領も、合意後の声明で、「外交が失敗すれば、米国は行動する用意がある」と述べ、米国として軍事攻撃の選択肢を維持する方針を強調した。
The U.N. Security Council, for its part, is set to draw up a resolution in response to the U.S.-Russia accord. The resolution must be adopted promptly, as it is indispensable for the international community as a whole to continue to exert pressure on the Assad regime to honor the accord.
安保理では、合意を受けた決議案を作成する。早期に採択し、国際社会全体でアサド政権に履行を促す努力が欠かせない。
The civil war has already claimed the lives of 100,000 people, and refugees total 2 million. It is imperative to end the war as soon as possible.
内戦では既に、１０万人が犠牲となり、２００万人が難民となった。一刻も早く戦闘を終わらせる方策を見つけなければならない。
The U.S. and Russian foreign ministers are scheduled to meet again in New York soon to discuss the feasibility of holding an international conference with both Assad regime officials and rebels taking part.
米露外相は近くニューヨークで再会談し、アサド政権と反体制派双方が参加する国際会議の開催に向け協議する。
The rebels are far from united, as they comprise a multitude of forces, such as Islamist groups and secular organizations. Diplomatic negotiations to resolve these differences face many difficulties.
反体制側は、イスラム主義勢力や世俗派など様々な勢力が入り乱れている。外交交渉の前途は多難である。
Japan, for that matter, should not stand idly by. It should expand its humanitarian aid, including refugee relief, to the Syrian people.
日本も手をこまねいてはいられない。難民対策など人道支援を一層充実させる必要があろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 16, 2013)
（2013年9月16日01時41分 読売新聞）
2013年09月17日
原発事故不起訴 東電と政府の責任は免れない
The Yomiuri Shimbun September 16, 2013
Govt, TEPCO still bear responsibility for roles in Fukushima catastrophe
原発事故不起訴 東電と政府の責任は免れない（9月15日付・読売社説）
A decision by prosecutors has brought to light how difficult it is to establish criminal responsibility for the consequences of an unprecedentedly massive disaster.
未曽有の大災害に伴う事故で刑事責任を問うことの難しさを示す結果になったと言えよう。
The Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office announced Thursday it would not indict any of the 42 people against whom complaints had been filed seeking indictment on charges of professional negligence resulting in deaths and injuries in connection with the nuclear crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co.’s Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant. Among them were top executives of TEPCO and government leaders at the time of the outbreak of the nuclear crisis.
東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故を巡り、業務上過失致死傷容疑などで告訴・告発された当時の東電経営陣や政府関係者ら計４２人全員を、検察が不起訴とした。
The prosecutors office said the gigantic tsunami triggered by the March 11, 2011, earthquake should be considered unpredictable and the failure of TEPCO management and nuclear regulatory authorities to take sufficient precautionary measures in advance did not constitute criminal negligence.
東日本大震災による巨大津波は予測不可能で、東電首脳らが事前に対策をとらなかったことは過失とは言えない、という理由だ。
The office also said an on-the-spot inspection that then Prime Minister Naoto Kan conducted at the crippled nuclear plant immediately after the disaster could not be deemed to have hindered the venting of steam to lower pressure inside the reactors.
菅元首相が事故直後に現地を視察したことも、原子炉内の圧力を下げるベント作業には影響を与えなかった、と判断した。
Given that the prosecution could not produce enough clear evidence to establish a case for criminal negligence, the decision not to indict should be considered inevitable.
過失を裏付ける明確な証拠が集まらなかった点を考えれば、不起訴の結論はやむを得まい。
In the nuclear crisis, the power sources for the backup generators for the plant’s reactors were disabled, rendering them unable to pump cooling water and eventually leading to reactor core meltdowns and hydrogen explosions in reactors Nos. 1, 3 and 4. The result was that radioactive substances were spewed from the tsunami-wrecked plant, exposing a large number of residents in the vicinity to radiation.
原発事故では、原子炉の電源喪失で冷却装置が機能不全となったため、炉心損傷と水素爆発が起きた。放射性物質が拡散し、多くの周辺住民が被曝した。
After determining the loss of power supply was caused by the tsunami, the prosecutors office, after hearing the opinions of seismologists, concluded the colossal scale of the tsunami was unforeseeable even by experts.
検察は、この電源喪失が津波によって引き起こされたと認定した上で、地震学者への聴取結果から、今回のような規模の津波の発生は、専門家の間でも想定されていなかったと結論づけた。
Be ready for the unforeseen
To establish a case for professional negligence in such a situation, there must be evidence to prove failure to take necessary steps despite being aware of the potential danger of the tsunami, instead of merely a nebulous feeling that a crisis could occur.
業務上過失致死傷罪として立件するには、漠然とした危機感ではなく、具体的に津波が襲来する危険を認識しながら、必要な対策を怠っていた証拠が求められる。
The fact that the tsunami was an unpredictable natural disaster posed a high hurdle for the prosecutors.
想定外の天災という要素が、捜査を進める上で、高いハードルになったのは間違いない。
It is noteworthy that probes into professional negligence focus on individuals, which was another hurdle in this case. The extremely chaotic nature of the crisis made it very hard for prosecutors to charge a particular individual with criminal responsibility for the accident.
過失犯の捜査では、個人の処罰が焦点になる。混乱を極めた事故後の状況下では、特定の個人に刑事責任を負わせるのは難しいという側面もあったのだろう。
In the United States, courts sometimes award huge punitive damages for unscrupulous corporate behavior to prevent similar harmful actions. In Japan, however, there is no such system even in civil litigation.
米国には、悪質な企業に巨額の賠償金を支払わせて制裁を加え、再発抑止を図る懲罰的損害賠償の制度がある。日本には、民事訴訟でもこうした仕組みはない。
In light of the grave impact the nuclear crisis has had on society and the nation’s economy, both TEPCO and the government still bear heavy responsibility for the disaster, even though they are exempt from criminal responsibility.
だが、法的責任は認められなくとも、原発事故が社会・経済に与えた深刻な打撃を考慮すれば、東電や政府の責任は重大である。
The government panel tasked with investigating the accident has pointed out that TEPCO had been complacent about safety. It also noted that the Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry’s former Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency and other nuclear power generation regulators had left the task of implementing safety measures up to TEPCO. Both the government and regulators left the studies of risk factors on a back burner. The Diet commission that investigated the accident declared in its report that the disaster was “man-made.”
政府の事故調査委員会は、東電が安全神話にとらわれ、経済産業省の旧原子力安全・保安院など規制当局も対策を電力会社に任せ、リスクの検討を後回しにしていたと指摘した。国会事故調は「事故は人災」とまで断じている。
Bearing the lessons of the crisis deeply in mind, both the government and TEPCO must urgently address the task of creating effective safety procedures to cope with unforeseen situations.
政府も東電も、事故の教訓を踏まえ、想定外の事態にも対処し得る安全管理態勢の構築を急ぐ必要がある。
The Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant is struggling to contain highly radioactive water flowing out of the wrecked reactors.
福島第一原発は今も汚染水漏れ問題を抱えている。
Countermeasures as well as operations to decommission the reactors must steadily be implemented.
その対策や、廃炉に向けた作業を、着実に進めなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 15, 2013)
（2013年9月15日01時31分 読売新聞）
Govt, TEPCO still bear responsibility for roles in Fukushima catastrophe
原発事故不起訴 東電と政府の責任は免れない（9月15日付・読売社説）
A decision by prosecutors has brought to light how difficult it is to establish criminal responsibility for the consequences of an unprecedentedly massive disaster.
未曽有の大災害に伴う事故で刑事責任を問うことの難しさを示す結果になったと言えよう。
The Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office announced Thursday it would not indict any of the 42 people against whom complaints had been filed seeking indictment on charges of professional negligence resulting in deaths and injuries in connection with the nuclear crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co.’s Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant. Among them were top executives of TEPCO and government leaders at the time of the outbreak of the nuclear crisis.
東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故を巡り、業務上過失致死傷容疑などで告訴・告発された当時の東電経営陣や政府関係者ら計４２人全員を、検察が不起訴とした。
The prosecutors office said the gigantic tsunami triggered by the March 11, 2011, earthquake should be considered unpredictable and the failure of TEPCO management and nuclear regulatory authorities to take sufficient precautionary measures in advance did not constitute criminal negligence.
東日本大震災による巨大津波は予測不可能で、東電首脳らが事前に対策をとらなかったことは過失とは言えない、という理由だ。
The office also said an on-the-spot inspection that then Prime Minister Naoto Kan conducted at the crippled nuclear plant immediately after the disaster could not be deemed to have hindered the venting of steam to lower pressure inside the reactors.
菅元首相が事故直後に現地を視察したことも、原子炉内の圧力を下げるベント作業には影響を与えなかった、と判断した。
Given that the prosecution could not produce enough clear evidence to establish a case for criminal negligence, the decision not to indict should be considered inevitable.
過失を裏付ける明確な証拠が集まらなかった点を考えれば、不起訴の結論はやむを得まい。
In the nuclear crisis, the power sources for the backup generators for the plant’s reactors were disabled, rendering them unable to pump cooling water and eventually leading to reactor core meltdowns and hydrogen explosions in reactors Nos. 1, 3 and 4. The result was that radioactive substances were spewed from the tsunami-wrecked plant, exposing a large number of residents in the vicinity to radiation.
原発事故では、原子炉の電源喪失で冷却装置が機能不全となったため、炉心損傷と水素爆発が起きた。放射性物質が拡散し、多くの周辺住民が被曝した。
After determining the loss of power supply was caused by the tsunami, the prosecutors office, after hearing the opinions of seismologists, concluded the colossal scale of the tsunami was unforeseeable even by experts.
検察は、この電源喪失が津波によって引き起こされたと認定した上で、地震学者への聴取結果から、今回のような規模の津波の発生は、専門家の間でも想定されていなかったと結論づけた。
Be ready for the unforeseen
To establish a case for professional negligence in such a situation, there must be evidence to prove failure to take necessary steps despite being aware of the potential danger of the tsunami, instead of merely a nebulous feeling that a crisis could occur.
業務上過失致死傷罪として立件するには、漠然とした危機感ではなく、具体的に津波が襲来する危険を認識しながら、必要な対策を怠っていた証拠が求められる。
The fact that the tsunami was an unpredictable natural disaster posed a high hurdle for the prosecutors.
想定外の天災という要素が、捜査を進める上で、高いハードルになったのは間違いない。
It is noteworthy that probes into professional negligence focus on individuals, which was another hurdle in this case. The extremely chaotic nature of the crisis made it very hard for prosecutors to charge a particular individual with criminal responsibility for the accident.
過失犯の捜査では、個人の処罰が焦点になる。混乱を極めた事故後の状況下では、特定の個人に刑事責任を負わせるのは難しいという側面もあったのだろう。
In the United States, courts sometimes award huge punitive damages for unscrupulous corporate behavior to prevent similar harmful actions. In Japan, however, there is no such system even in civil litigation.
米国には、悪質な企業に巨額の賠償金を支払わせて制裁を加え、再発抑止を図る懲罰的損害賠償の制度がある。日本には、民事訴訟でもこうした仕組みはない。
In light of the grave impact the nuclear crisis has had on society and the nation’s economy, both TEPCO and the government still bear heavy responsibility for the disaster, even though they are exempt from criminal responsibility.
だが、法的責任は認められなくとも、原発事故が社会・経済に与えた深刻な打撃を考慮すれば、東電や政府の責任は重大である。
The government panel tasked with investigating the accident has pointed out that TEPCO had been complacent about safety. It also noted that the Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry’s former Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency and other nuclear power generation regulators had left the task of implementing safety measures up to TEPCO. Both the government and regulators left the studies of risk factors on a back burner. The Diet commission that investigated the accident declared in its report that the disaster was “man-made.”
政府の事故調査委員会は、東電が安全神話にとらわれ、経済産業省の旧原子力安全・保安院など規制当局も対策を電力会社に任せ、リスクの検討を後回しにしていたと指摘した。国会事故調は「事故は人災」とまで断じている。
Bearing the lessons of the crisis deeply in mind, both the government and TEPCO must urgently address the task of creating effective safety procedures to cope with unforeseen situations.
政府も東電も、事故の教訓を踏まえ、想定外の事態にも対処し得る安全管理態勢の構築を急ぐ必要がある。
The Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant is struggling to contain highly radioactive water flowing out of the wrecked reactors.
福島第一原発は今も汚染水漏れ問題を抱えている。
Countermeasures as well as operations to decommission the reactors must steadily be implemented.
その対策や、廃炉に向けた作業を、着実に進めなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 15, 2013)
（2013年9月15日01時31分 読売新聞）
2013年09月16日
宮崎監督引退 アニメ芸術の志引き継ぎたい
The Yomiuri Shimbun September 15, 2013
Filmmakers must inherit Miyazaki’s aspirations for artistic animation
宮崎監督引退 アニメ芸術の志引き継ぎたい（9月14日付・読売社説）
Fans of Hayao Miyazaki’s animation undoubtedly want him to continue making movies. He will be greatly missed after his retirement.
世界中のファンは、まだまだ作品を見たいに違いない。惜しまれる引退である。
Miyazaki, who has enchanted people around the world with a variety of spectacular masterpieces, has decided to retire from the production of full-length anime movies. The currently showing “Kaze Tachinu” (The Wind Rises) will be his last film.
スケールの大きい数々の名作で人々を魅了し続けてきた宮崎駿監督が、現在公開中の映画「風立ちぬ」を最後に、長編アニメーションの仕事から身を引く決断をした。
Miyazaki said, “No matter how much I get in shape, the number of hours I can concentrate has been decreasing year by year.” He has probably recognized that at 72, he has reached his limit physically.
宮崎さんが「どんなに体調を整えても集中している時間が年々減っていく」と言うように、７２歳は体力的に限界だったのだろう。
Sticking to hand drawing, he has taken extra care in drawing even the effects of wind, the motion of water and the play of light. Drawing requires long hours of work with great strain on the eyes and hands. Miyazaki has also thought about story lines while proceeding with production, without deciding on the conclusion at the outset. Hence anime production was extremely hard work for him.
宮崎さんは手描きにこだわり、風や水、光まで丁寧に描いた。目や手を酷使し、長時間にわたる作業が強いられる。結末を決めずに、制作しながらストーリーを考えていく手法を取った。アニメ制作は「つらい仕事」でもあった。
Miyazaki also said, “I’m free and there are many things I want to do and try.”
その一方で、宮崎さんは「ぼくは自由です」と言い、「やってみたいことや試したいことが色々ある」とも述べている。
We hope he will display his talents again in other fields besides production of animated feature films, which require long hours of work and impose a heavy physical burden.
時間的、肉体的に負担の大きい長編アニメとは別の分野で再びその本領を発揮してもらいたい。
Insightful messages
Miyazaki’s greatest achievement was his contribution to raising the production of entertainment anime, initially designed for children, to the level of art backed by deep insightful messages and creating a new Japanese anime culture that is preeminent in the world.
宮崎さんの業績は、子ども向けと思われていた娯楽アニメを、深い思想性に裏打ちされた芸術に高め、世界に冠たる日本の新しいアニメ文化を創造した点にある。
His productions have also proved successful in terms of box office returns. This could be attributed to the fact that he was extremely fortunate in his producers, many staff members and investors.
興行的にも成功を収めた。プロデューサーや多くのスタッフ、出資者にも恵まれたからだろう。
“Kaze no Tani no Naushika” (Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind), released in 1984, depicted a world after the collapse of a great civilization and contained philosophical insights into nature and civilization. It also criticized Japanese society, which tends to be preoccupied with economic wealth.
巨大文明崩壊後の世界を描いた１９８４年の「風の谷のナウシカ」は、自然や文明についての哲学的考察に貫かれている。経済的な豊かさにばかりとらわれがちな日本社会への批判でもあった。
Miyazaki depicted a poetic world in “Tonari no Totoro” (My Neighbor Totoro, 1988), which featured the rich natural environment of the countryside. He broke new ground with “Mononoke Hime” (Princess Mononoke), released in 1997, which featured battles between malevolent gods and humans in medieval Japan.
田園の豊かな自然を背景にした「となりのトトロ」では、詩情あふれる世界を描き上げた。
９０年代に入ると、日本の中世を舞台に、荒ぶる神々と人間の戦いをテーマにした「もののけ姫」で新たな境地を開いた。
“Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi” (Spirited Away, 2001) achieved the highest box office returns in Japanese movie history and won the Golden Bear at the 2002 Berlin International Film Festival and the 2003 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. The film was highly acclaimed as a refined and powerful fantasy.
日本映画史上、最高の興行成績を残した２００１年の「千と千尋の神隠し」は、ベルリン国際映画祭金熊賞と米アカデミー賞も受賞した。「洗練され、パワーのあるファンタジー」と絶賛された。
Influenced by children’s literature, Miyazaki has provided a dreamy beautiful world for children. He is said to have wanted to tell them “this world is worth living for.” This desire underlies his anime movie production.
宮崎さんは、児童文学の影響を受けて、子どもたちに夢のある美しい世界を提供してきた。アニメ制作の根幹には「この世は生きるに値する」ことを伝えたいとの思いがあったという。
As a message to the next generation of anime producers, he said, “Never stop trying to achieve more universal and profound expressions of humanity.”
次世代に向けて、「より普遍的で、より深い人間性の表現に挑むという方向性は絶対に捨ててはいけない」とも語っている。
We hope to see the emergence of filmmakers who will inherit this aspiration and grow to receive international acclaim.
そうした意志を引き継ぎ、世界で評価される人材が育つことを期待したい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 14, 2013)
（2013年9月14日01時35分 読売新聞）
Filmmakers must inherit Miyazaki’s aspirations for artistic animation
宮崎監督引退 アニメ芸術の志引き継ぎたい（9月14日付・読売社説）
Fans of Hayao Miyazaki’s animation undoubtedly want him to continue making movies. He will be greatly missed after his retirement.
世界中のファンは、まだまだ作品を見たいに違いない。惜しまれる引退である。
Miyazaki, who has enchanted people around the world with a variety of spectacular masterpieces, has decided to retire from the production of full-length anime movies. The currently showing “Kaze Tachinu” (The Wind Rises) will be his last film.
スケールの大きい数々の名作で人々を魅了し続けてきた宮崎駿監督が、現在公開中の映画「風立ちぬ」を最後に、長編アニメーションの仕事から身を引く決断をした。
Miyazaki said, “No matter how much I get in shape, the number of hours I can concentrate has been decreasing year by year.” He has probably recognized that at 72, he has reached his limit physically.
宮崎さんが「どんなに体調を整えても集中している時間が年々減っていく」と言うように、７２歳は体力的に限界だったのだろう。
Sticking to hand drawing, he has taken extra care in drawing even the effects of wind, the motion of water and the play of light. Drawing requires long hours of work with great strain on the eyes and hands. Miyazaki has also thought about story lines while proceeding with production, without deciding on the conclusion at the outset. Hence anime production was extremely hard work for him.
宮崎さんは手描きにこだわり、風や水、光まで丁寧に描いた。目や手を酷使し、長時間にわたる作業が強いられる。結末を決めずに、制作しながらストーリーを考えていく手法を取った。アニメ制作は「つらい仕事」でもあった。
Miyazaki also said, “I’m free and there are many things I want to do and try.”
その一方で、宮崎さんは「ぼくは自由です」と言い、「やってみたいことや試したいことが色々ある」とも述べている。
We hope he will display his talents again in other fields besides production of animated feature films, which require long hours of work and impose a heavy physical burden.
時間的、肉体的に負担の大きい長編アニメとは別の分野で再びその本領を発揮してもらいたい。
Insightful messages
Miyazaki’s greatest achievement was his contribution to raising the production of entertainment anime, initially designed for children, to the level of art backed by deep insightful messages and creating a new Japanese anime culture that is preeminent in the world.
宮崎さんの業績は、子ども向けと思われていた娯楽アニメを、深い思想性に裏打ちされた芸術に高め、世界に冠たる日本の新しいアニメ文化を創造した点にある。
His productions have also proved successful in terms of box office returns. This could be attributed to the fact that he was extremely fortunate in his producers, many staff members and investors.
興行的にも成功を収めた。プロデューサーや多くのスタッフ、出資者にも恵まれたからだろう。
“Kaze no Tani no Naushika” (Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind), released in 1984, depicted a world after the collapse of a great civilization and contained philosophical insights into nature and civilization. It also criticized Japanese society, which tends to be preoccupied with economic wealth.
巨大文明崩壊後の世界を描いた１９８４年の「風の谷のナウシカ」は、自然や文明についての哲学的考察に貫かれている。経済的な豊かさにばかりとらわれがちな日本社会への批判でもあった。
Miyazaki depicted a poetic world in “Tonari no Totoro” (My Neighbor Totoro, 1988), which featured the rich natural environment of the countryside. He broke new ground with “Mononoke Hime” (Princess Mononoke), released in 1997, which featured battles between malevolent gods and humans in medieval Japan.
田園の豊かな自然を背景にした「となりのトトロ」では、詩情あふれる世界を描き上げた。
９０年代に入ると、日本の中世を舞台に、荒ぶる神々と人間の戦いをテーマにした「もののけ姫」で新たな境地を開いた。
“Sen to Chihiro no Kamikakushi” (Spirited Away, 2001) achieved the highest box office returns in Japanese movie history and won the Golden Bear at the 2002 Berlin International Film Festival and the 2003 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. The film was highly acclaimed as a refined and powerful fantasy.
日本映画史上、最高の興行成績を残した２００１年の「千と千尋の神隠し」は、ベルリン国際映画祭金熊賞と米アカデミー賞も受賞した。「洗練され、パワーのあるファンタジー」と絶賛された。
Influenced by children’s literature, Miyazaki has provided a dreamy beautiful world for children. He is said to have wanted to tell them “this world is worth living for.” This desire underlies his anime movie production.
宮崎さんは、児童文学の影響を受けて、子どもたちに夢のある美しい世界を提供してきた。アニメ制作の根幹には「この世は生きるに値する」ことを伝えたいとの思いがあったという。
As a message to the next generation of anime producers, he said, “Never stop trying to achieve more universal and profound expressions of humanity.”
次世代に向けて、「より普遍的で、より深い人間性の表現に挑むという方向性は絶対に捨ててはいけない」とも語っている。
We hope to see the emergence of filmmakers who will inherit this aspiration and grow to receive international acclaim.
そうした意志を引き継ぎ、世界で評価される人材が育つことを期待したい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 14, 2013)
（2013年9月14日01時35分 読売新聞）
2013年09月15日
国家安保戦略 日本の将来へ包括的指針示せ
The Yomiuri Shimbun September 14, 2013
Comprehensive security strategy must be drawan up
国家安保戦略 日本の将来へ包括的指針示せ（9月13日付・読売社説）
It is imperative for this country to clearly designate the national interests and goals of its diplomatic and security policies for the medium- and long-term, and create a comprehensive set of policy guidelines for their realization.
中長期的な外交・安全保障上の国益と目標を明示し、その実現に向けた包括的な政策指針を掲げることが肝要である。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has instructed relevant Cabinet members to draw up a national security strategy as the basis for the nation’s security policy. A panel of diplomacy and security policy experts met for the first time Thursday at the Prime Minister’s Office to discuss specifics of the envisioned strategy.
安倍首相が「国家安全保障戦略」の策定を関係閣僚に指示した。その中身を議論する有識者会議の初会合が開かれた。
The government plans to submit a bill to create a Japanese version of the U.S. National Security Council to an extraordinary Diet session this autumn. The newly established body is scheduled to make its national security strategy public around the end of the year.
秋の臨時国会で国家安全保障会議（日本版ＮＳＣ）設置法案を成立させ、ＮＳＣが今年末に国家安保戦略を発表する。
A new version of the Defense Program Guidelines, an outline of the nation’s long-term defense policy, which the government will also present at year’s end, will be compiled to translate the strategy into reality.
年末に作成する新防衛大綱も、この戦略を具体化する内容にする予定だ。
The government worked out the first Defense Program Guidelines in 1976, having revised the key security document three times so far.
政府は１９７６年に防衛大綱を策定し、３回改定している。
The main purpose of the guidelines concerns the buildup of the nation’s defense capabilities. The envisaged comprehensive national security strategy encompassing diplomatic and economic issues as well as defense will be the first of its kind. Along with the planned NSC, a control tower to address national security tasks, the forthcoming national security strategy will surely be extremely significant.
だが、大綱は防衛力整備が目的だ。外交、経済を含む総合的な国家安保戦略の策定は初めてで、安保の司令塔となるＮＳＣの創設と合わせて、画期的な意義を持つ。
The United States has been formulating its national defense strategy since 1987. The government of President George W. Bush, the predecessor of the administration of President Barack Obama, had a strategy of preemptive strikes against terrorism-sponsoring countries. However, the Obama administration follows a goal of international collaboration. Other countries, such as Britain, Russia, South Korea and Australia, have set similar strategies.
米国は８７年以来、国家安保戦略を策定している。ブッシュ前政権はテロ国家への先制攻撃論、オバマ政権は国際協調を掲げた。英露韓豪各国も同様の戦略を持つ。
More ‘active’ pacifism
Given the rapidly deteriorating security environment surrounding Japan in recent years, this country should have drawn up its own national security strategy sooner.
日本も、近年の安全保障環境の悪化を踏まえれば、もっと早く戦略を立てるべきだった。
China, aiming to become a major maritime power, has been ramping up its military, conducting menacing and provocative activities in the East China Sea and elsewhere. In addition to North Korea’s nuclear weapons and missile development programs, the threat of terrorist activities and cyber-attacks have also increased.
中国は、海洋強国を目指し、軍備を増強して、東シナ海などで示威活動を展開する。北朝鮮の核・ミサイル開発に加え、テロ、サイバー攻撃の脅威も増している。
To ensure the peace and prosperity of Japan and the Asian region, what goals should be set up and what approach should be taken to that end?
日本とアジアの平和と繁栄を確保するには、何を目標に掲げ、どんなアプローチを取るべきか。
The chief cabinet secretary, foreign and defense ministers, other relevant Cabinet members and members of the expert panel are strongly urged to have deep discussions in crafting a national strategy.
官房長官、外相、防衛相ら関係閣僚や、有識者はしっかりと議論し、戦略をまとめてもらいたい。
Of high importance to the ministries and agencies involved will certainly be the ability to share priority tasks and awareness of problems among themselves, in a feasible manner to be reflected adequately in policies.
その作業を通じて、関係府省が外交・安保の優先課題や問題意識を共有し、その後の政策に適切に反映することが重要である。
To be able to address the many security challenges facing this country, what must be tackled first is the bolstering of the Self-Defense Forces and the Japan Coast Guard’s capabilities to defend the integrity of Japan’s territory. Beefing up the SDF’s cooperation with U.S. forces to strengthen that bilateral alliance is also a must.
山積する安全保障の課題に取り組むには、まず日本の領土・領海を守る自衛隊や海上保安庁の体制を拡充する必要がある。自衛隊と米軍の協力を拡大し、日米同盟を強化することも欠かせない。
Based on Abe’s initiative for a more “active” pacifist stance, Japan should play more roles than it has so far for such causes as international peacekeeping operations and actions to fight pirate activities, by boosting cooperation with the international community. International cooperation on economic and energy issues should also be steadily consolidated.
首相の掲げる「積極的平和主義」に基づき、国連平和維持活動（ＰＫＯ）や海賊対処行動などで日本が従来以上に役割を果たし、国際社会と連携することが大切だ。経済・エネルギー面の国際協力も着実に進めねばなるまい。
These must be systematically incorporated into the planned national security strategy.
安保戦略には、こうした具体策を体系的に盛り込むべきだ。
Making Japan’s goals and key policies as clear as as possible is vital, at it will ensure their transparency both at home and abroad.
重要なのは、日本の目標や政策をできるだけ明確にし、国内外への透明性を確保することだ。
By doing so, it will become possible to deepen public understanding of the national security strategy, while making it clear that the claim of Japan’s “drift to the right” is far off the mark. It will also differentiate Japan from China, which has been under criticism for the lack of transparency of its military.
国家安保戦略に対する国民の理解を深めるとともに、日本の「右傾化」批判が的外れなことや、不透明な軍事力が批判される中国との違いを示すことにもなろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 13, 2013)
（2013年9月13日01時52分 読売新聞）
Comprehensive security strategy must be drawan up
国家安保戦略 日本の将来へ包括的指針示せ（9月13日付・読売社説）
It is imperative for this country to clearly designate the national interests and goals of its diplomatic and security policies for the medium- and long-term, and create a comprehensive set of policy guidelines for their realization.
中長期的な外交・安全保障上の国益と目標を明示し、その実現に向けた包括的な政策指針を掲げることが肝要である。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has instructed relevant Cabinet members to draw up a national security strategy as the basis for the nation’s security policy. A panel of diplomacy and security policy experts met for the first time Thursday at the Prime Minister’s Office to discuss specifics of the envisioned strategy.
安倍首相が「国家安全保障戦略」の策定を関係閣僚に指示した。その中身を議論する有識者会議の初会合が開かれた。
The government plans to submit a bill to create a Japanese version of the U.S. National Security Council to an extraordinary Diet session this autumn. The newly established body is scheduled to make its national security strategy public around the end of the year.
秋の臨時国会で国家安全保障会議（日本版ＮＳＣ）設置法案を成立させ、ＮＳＣが今年末に国家安保戦略を発表する。
A new version of the Defense Program Guidelines, an outline of the nation’s long-term defense policy, which the government will also present at year’s end, will be compiled to translate the strategy into reality.
年末に作成する新防衛大綱も、この戦略を具体化する内容にする予定だ。
The government worked out the first Defense Program Guidelines in 1976, having revised the key security document three times so far.
政府は１９７６年に防衛大綱を策定し、３回改定している。
The main purpose of the guidelines concerns the buildup of the nation’s defense capabilities. The envisaged comprehensive national security strategy encompassing diplomatic and economic issues as well as defense will be the first of its kind. Along with the planned NSC, a control tower to address national security tasks, the forthcoming national security strategy will surely be extremely significant.
だが、大綱は防衛力整備が目的だ。外交、経済を含む総合的な国家安保戦略の策定は初めてで、安保の司令塔となるＮＳＣの創設と合わせて、画期的な意義を持つ。
The United States has been formulating its national defense strategy since 1987. The government of President George W. Bush, the predecessor of the administration of President Barack Obama, had a strategy of preemptive strikes against terrorism-sponsoring countries. However, the Obama administration follows a goal of international collaboration. Other countries, such as Britain, Russia, South Korea and Australia, have set similar strategies.
米国は８７年以来、国家安保戦略を策定している。ブッシュ前政権はテロ国家への先制攻撃論、オバマ政権は国際協調を掲げた。英露韓豪各国も同様の戦略を持つ。
More ‘active’ pacifism
Given the rapidly deteriorating security environment surrounding Japan in recent years, this country should have drawn up its own national security strategy sooner.
日本も、近年の安全保障環境の悪化を踏まえれば、もっと早く戦略を立てるべきだった。
China, aiming to become a major maritime power, has been ramping up its military, conducting menacing and provocative activities in the East China Sea and elsewhere. In addition to North Korea’s nuclear weapons and missile development programs, the threat of terrorist activities and cyber-attacks have also increased.
中国は、海洋強国を目指し、軍備を増強して、東シナ海などで示威活動を展開する。北朝鮮の核・ミサイル開発に加え、テロ、サイバー攻撃の脅威も増している。
To ensure the peace and prosperity of Japan and the Asian region, what goals should be set up and what approach should be taken to that end?
日本とアジアの平和と繁栄を確保するには、何を目標に掲げ、どんなアプローチを取るべきか。
The chief cabinet secretary, foreign and defense ministers, other relevant Cabinet members and members of the expert panel are strongly urged to have deep discussions in crafting a national strategy.
官房長官、外相、防衛相ら関係閣僚や、有識者はしっかりと議論し、戦略をまとめてもらいたい。
Of high importance to the ministries and agencies involved will certainly be the ability to share priority tasks and awareness of problems among themselves, in a feasible manner to be reflected adequately in policies.
その作業を通じて、関係府省が外交・安保の優先課題や問題意識を共有し、その後の政策に適切に反映することが重要である。
To be able to address the many security challenges facing this country, what must be tackled first is the bolstering of the Self-Defense Forces and the Japan Coast Guard’s capabilities to defend the integrity of Japan’s territory. Beefing up the SDF’s cooperation with U.S. forces to strengthen that bilateral alliance is also a must.
山積する安全保障の課題に取り組むには、まず日本の領土・領海を守る自衛隊や海上保安庁の体制を拡充する必要がある。自衛隊と米軍の協力を拡大し、日米同盟を強化することも欠かせない。
Based on Abe’s initiative for a more “active” pacifist stance, Japan should play more roles than it has so far for such causes as international peacekeeping operations and actions to fight pirate activities, by boosting cooperation with the international community. International cooperation on economic and energy issues should also be steadily consolidated.
首相の掲げる「積極的平和主義」に基づき、国連平和維持活動（ＰＫＯ）や海賊対処行動などで日本が従来以上に役割を果たし、国際社会と連携することが大切だ。経済・エネルギー面の国際協力も着実に進めねばなるまい。
These must be systematically incorporated into the planned national security strategy.
安保戦略には、こうした具体策を体系的に盛り込むべきだ。
Making Japan’s goals and key policies as clear as as possible is vital, at it will ensure their transparency both at home and abroad.
重要なのは、日本の目標や政策をできるだけ明確にし、国内外への透明性を確保することだ。
By doing so, it will become possible to deepen public understanding of the national security strategy, while making it clear that the claim of Japan’s “drift to the right” is far off the mark. It will also differentiate Japan from China, which has been under criticism for the lack of transparency of its military.
国家安保戦略に対する国民の理解を深めるとともに、日本の「右傾化」批判が的外れなことや、不透明な軍事力が批判される中国との違いを示すことにもなろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 13, 2013)
（2013年9月13日01時52分 読売新聞）