The Great Cold Period, known as "Dai-kan," occurs from around January 20 to February 3, which is also known as Setsubun. This is considered the coldest time of the year in Japan. Despite Setsubun marking the beginning of spring in the traditional calendar, the cold weather often lingers.
Events and Traditions During Dai-kan
Cold Water Swimming Events (Kanchu Suiei Taikai):
People participate in cold water swimming events to test their endurance and mental strength. These events are often held at shrines or beaches.
Cold Weather Training (Kan-geiko):
Martial arts and sports practitioners engage in cold weather training to build resilience and mental fortitude. Judo, kendo, and karate dojos commonly hold these training sessions.
Dai-kan Purification Rituals (Misogi):
Shrines conduct purification rituals where participants cleanse themselves by entering sacred rivers or the sea in the freezing cold. This tradition aims to purify the body and soul.
Dai-kan Eggs:
Eggs laid during the Dai-kan period are believed to be especially nutritious and lucky. These "Dai-kan eggs" are cherished and eaten to wish for good health.
Preparation for the Next Farming Season:
Farmers begin preparing for the upcoming season by selecting seeds and preparing the soil. Dai-kan marks the end of winter and the start of these preparations.
Other Practices
Health Prayers:
Many people pray for good health during this period, especially to ward off colds and influenza.
Use of Traditional Heaters:
Hot water bottles (yutanpo) and traditional Japanese heaters like kotatsu are commonly used to stay warm during the harsh cold.
These customs and practices help people endure the cold of Dai-kan while wishing for health and good fortune. Cold water swimming events, particularly in places like Tateyama Bay, Shodoshima, and Izu Oshima, are famous for testing participants' physical and mental strength.
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