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2015年10月02日
米露首脳会談 シリア内戦収拾へ妥協を探れ
The Yomiuri Shimbun
U.S., Russia must find common ground to bring an end to Syria’s civil war
米露首脳会談 シリア内戦収拾へ妥協を探れ
The United States and Russia must try to find common ground to help bring an end to the civil war in Syria, which has killed more than 220,000 people and forced a massive number of people to flee as refugees.
２２万人以上の死者と大量の難民を生み出したシリア内戦の収拾に向け、米国とロシアは妥協点を探らねばならない。
On the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly meeting, U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin held their first talks in about two years. On the Syrian issue, Obama expressed his view to call for President Bashar Assad to step down, stressing that stability in Syria would be impossible as long as the Assad administration stays in power.
オバマ米大統領は、国連総会出席を機に、プーチン露大統領と約２年ぶりに会談した。シリア情勢について、「アサド政権が続く限り、シリアの安定はあり得ない」と強調し、アサド大統領の退陣を求める考えを示した。
Putin took a different tack and clearly expressed support for the Assad administration, describing it as a “bulwark” against extremist groups such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, which has expanded its control over parts of Syria and Iraq.
プーチン氏は、シリアやイラクに勢力を拡大する「イスラム国」など「過激派組織に対する防壁だ」と、逆に政権支援を明言した。
The leaders of the United States and Russia have been at loggerheads over issues including the situation in Ukraine, but they did jointly recognize the importance of quickly wiping out ISIL. However, they remain far apart in their views on whether the Assad administration should be allowed any involvement in Syria’s future.
ウクライナ情勢などを巡って対立する米露首脳は、「イスラム国」の早期掃討が重要だとの認識では一致している。しかし、アサド政権を関与させることの是非に関して、溝は埋まらなかった。
A chaotic civil war including the military forces under the control of the Assad administration and several antigovernment organizations continues for more than four years. The vacuum of power in parts of Syria has helped promote the growth of extremist groups, including ISIL. Assad’s army is at a disadvantage against its enemies, and the government now controls only about one-quarter of Syria, mainly in the west of that nation.
アサド政権軍と複数の反体制派組織が入り乱れる内戦は、４年を超えた。力の空白は、「イスラム国」など過激派伸長を招く要因となっている。アサド政権軍は劣勢に立たされ、支配地域も西部など国土の約４分の１に縮小した。
Dealing with the Syrian issue, from where the threat of terrorism is proliferating, is an urgent task.
テロの脅威を拡散するシリアへの対処は急務である。
Tricky diplomatic path
At a press conference after his talks with Obama, Putin criticized airstrikes conducted by nations such as the United States and France against ISIL targets to weaken that group, saying they were “illegal” because they had not been requested by Syria.
プーチン氏は会談後、記者団に、「イスラム国」の弱体化を狙った米仏などの空爆は、シリアの要請がなく「不法だ」と非難した。
Russia has started airstrikes of its own to support the Assad administration. Moscow has set up an air base inside Syria and deployed fighter jets and tanks there. It has dispatched military advisers to Syria and will exchange strategic information with Iran and Iraq, which are close to the Assad government.
ロシアは、アサド政権支援のため、空爆を始めた。シリアに航空基地を整備し、戦闘機や戦車を配備していた。顧問団を派遣し、アサド政権に近いイラン、イラクと作戦情報も交換する。
Russia is attempting to prop up the Assad government under the name of building an “antiterrorism coalition” that adds Syria and Iran to the U.S.-led “coalition of the willing.”
ロシアは、米主導の「有志連合」にシリアとイランを加えた「反テロ連合」構築を名目に、アサド政権を温存しようとしている。
If the Russian military intervenes under the banner of trying to prolong the Assad government for as long as possible, while disregarding the numerous atrocities committed by the administration, the fighting in Syria could actually escalate. There are fears an accidental clash could occur with the United States and France.
政権の数々の残虐行為を顧みず、露軍が政権永続化を掲げて介入すれば、内戦は、かえって激化しかねない。米仏との偶発的な衝突が起きる事態も懸念される。
Obama was quite right to strongly oppose this step by Moscow. It is obvious that the Assad administration lacks legitimacy.
オバマ氏が強く反発したのは当然だろう。アサド政権が正統性を欠くことは、論を待たない。
The United States has been providing military training to moderate Syrian antigovernment groups as it seeks to topple the Assad government and defeat ISIL. However, these efforts have not produced tangible results. Obama’s strategy has reached a deadlock.
「イスラム国」とアサド政権の打倒を目指す米国は、シリアの穏健反体制派に軍事訓練を行ってきたが、成果は見られない。オバマ氏の戦略は行き詰まっている。
The United States also cannot resolve this problem just by demanding that Assad step down. In Europe, which is being directly affected by the flood of arriving refugees, there is an emerging opinion that negotiations with Assad also might be unavoidable.
米国も、「アサド退陣」を訴えるだけでは、問題は解決しない。大量の難民流入に直面する欧州では、アサド大統領との交渉もやむなしとの声が出始めた。
Pressing ahead with diplomacy that curbs any increase in the strength of ISIL while also anticipating a transition to a new regime − this will be a difficult process, but unless the United States and Russia, the two major powers, act in concert, the situation in Syria will not improve.
「イスラム国」の勢力拡大を抑えつつ、新体制への移行を見据えた外交を進める。困難な道のりだが、米露両大国が足並みをそろえなくては、事態は改善しまい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 1, 2015)Speech
U.S., Russia must find common ground to bring an end to Syria’s civil war
米露首脳会談 シリア内戦収拾へ妥協を探れ
The United States and Russia must try to find common ground to help bring an end to the civil war in Syria, which has killed more than 220,000 people and forced a massive number of people to flee as refugees.
２２万人以上の死者と大量の難民を生み出したシリア内戦の収拾に向け、米国とロシアは妥協点を探らねばならない。
On the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly meeting, U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin held their first talks in about two years. On the Syrian issue, Obama expressed his view to call for President Bashar Assad to step down, stressing that stability in Syria would be impossible as long as the Assad administration stays in power.
オバマ米大統領は、国連総会出席を機に、プーチン露大統領と約２年ぶりに会談した。シリア情勢について、「アサド政権が続く限り、シリアの安定はあり得ない」と強調し、アサド大統領の退陣を求める考えを示した。
Putin took a different tack and clearly expressed support for the Assad administration, describing it as a “bulwark” against extremist groups such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, which has expanded its control over parts of Syria and Iraq.
プーチン氏は、シリアやイラクに勢力を拡大する「イスラム国」など「過激派組織に対する防壁だ」と、逆に政権支援を明言した。
The leaders of the United States and Russia have been at loggerheads over issues including the situation in Ukraine, but they did jointly recognize the importance of quickly wiping out ISIL. However, they remain far apart in their views on whether the Assad administration should be allowed any involvement in Syria’s future.
ウクライナ情勢などを巡って対立する米露首脳は、「イスラム国」の早期掃討が重要だとの認識では一致している。しかし、アサド政権を関与させることの是非に関して、溝は埋まらなかった。
A chaotic civil war including the military forces under the control of the Assad administration and several antigovernment organizations continues for more than four years. The vacuum of power in parts of Syria has helped promote the growth of extremist groups, including ISIL. Assad’s army is at a disadvantage against its enemies, and the government now controls only about one-quarter of Syria, mainly in the west of that nation.
アサド政権軍と複数の反体制派組織が入り乱れる内戦は、４年を超えた。力の空白は、「イスラム国」など過激派伸長を招く要因となっている。アサド政権軍は劣勢に立たされ、支配地域も西部など国土の約４分の１に縮小した。
Dealing with the Syrian issue, from where the threat of terrorism is proliferating, is an urgent task.
テロの脅威を拡散するシリアへの対処は急務である。
Tricky diplomatic path
At a press conference after his talks with Obama, Putin criticized airstrikes conducted by nations such as the United States and France against ISIL targets to weaken that group, saying they were “illegal” because they had not been requested by Syria.
プーチン氏は会談後、記者団に、「イスラム国」の弱体化を狙った米仏などの空爆は、シリアの要請がなく「不法だ」と非難した。
Russia has started airstrikes of its own to support the Assad administration. Moscow has set up an air base inside Syria and deployed fighter jets and tanks there. It has dispatched military advisers to Syria and will exchange strategic information with Iran and Iraq, which are close to the Assad government.
ロシアは、アサド政権支援のため、空爆を始めた。シリアに航空基地を整備し、戦闘機や戦車を配備していた。顧問団を派遣し、アサド政権に近いイラン、イラクと作戦情報も交換する。
Russia is attempting to prop up the Assad government under the name of building an “antiterrorism coalition” that adds Syria and Iran to the U.S.-led “coalition of the willing.”
ロシアは、米主導の「有志連合」にシリアとイランを加えた「反テロ連合」構築を名目に、アサド政権を温存しようとしている。
If the Russian military intervenes under the banner of trying to prolong the Assad government for as long as possible, while disregarding the numerous atrocities committed by the administration, the fighting in Syria could actually escalate. There are fears an accidental clash could occur with the United States and France.
政権の数々の残虐行為を顧みず、露軍が政権永続化を掲げて介入すれば、内戦は、かえって激化しかねない。米仏との偶発的な衝突が起きる事態も懸念される。
Obama was quite right to strongly oppose this step by Moscow. It is obvious that the Assad administration lacks legitimacy.
オバマ氏が強く反発したのは当然だろう。アサド政権が正統性を欠くことは、論を待たない。
The United States has been providing military training to moderate Syrian antigovernment groups as it seeks to topple the Assad government and defeat ISIL. However, these efforts have not produced tangible results. Obama’s strategy has reached a deadlock.
「イスラム国」とアサド政権の打倒を目指す米国は、シリアの穏健反体制派に軍事訓練を行ってきたが、成果は見られない。オバマ氏の戦略は行き詰まっている。
The United States also cannot resolve this problem just by demanding that Assad step down. In Europe, which is being directly affected by the flood of arriving refugees, there is an emerging opinion that negotiations with Assad also might be unavoidable.
米国も、「アサド退陣」を訴えるだけでは、問題は解決しない。大量の難民流入に直面する欧州では、アサド大統領との交渉もやむなしとの声が出始めた。
Pressing ahead with diplomacy that curbs any increase in the strength of ISIL while also anticipating a transition to a new regime − this will be a difficult process, but unless the United States and Russia, the two major powers, act in concert, the situation in Syria will not improve.
「イスラム国」の勢力拡大を抑えつつ、新体制への移行を見据えた外交を進める。困難な道のりだが、米露両大国が足並みをそろえなくては、事態は改善しまい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 1, 2015)Speech
2015年10月01日
日露首脳会談 領土交渉は腰を据えて進めよ
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Steadily conduct territorial talks with Russia to work out solution
日露首脳会談 領土交渉は腰を据えて進めよ
Negotiations for signing a bilateral peace treaty and the resolution of the northern territorial issue are inseparable.
平和条約交渉と領土問題の解決は不可分だ。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe held summit talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin in New York, their first meeting in about 10 months.
安倍首相はニューヨークで、ロシアのプーチン大統領と約１０か月ぶりに会談した。
On the northern territorial issue, Abe and Putin confirmed that the two governments will proceed with negotiations on the peace treaty based on a 2013 bilateral agreement that the two countries will “work out measures to resolve the issue acceptable to both sides.” They also agreed to continue holding top-level dialogues on the sidelines of international conferences.
北方領土問題について、「双方が受け入れ可能な解決策をまとめる」とする２０１３年の合意に基づき、平和条約交渉を進める方針を確認した。国際会議を利用した首脳対話の継続でも一致した。
It is highly significant for both countries to put the territorial negotiations back on track.
領土交渉を再び軌道に乗せた意義は小さくない。
With regard to Putin’s visit to Japan, Abe said, “I want to realize it [the visit] when the timing is best,” indicating that he does not feel bound to the plan for Putin to visit by the year-end.
首相は、プーチン氏の来日について「ベストなタイミングで実現させたい」と述べ、年内にはこだわらない考えを示した。
Now that there is no prospect for any tangible result on the territorial issue, it will not be necessary for Abe to adhere to the idea of realizing Putin’s visit to Japan this year, even at the cost of being out of step with the Group of Seven industrialized countries, which have imposed sanctions on Russia in light of the situation in Ukraine. Abe’s decision was appropriate.
現状では領土問題で成果が見込めない以上、ウクライナ情勢を踏まえて対露制裁を継続中の先進７か国（Ｇ７）の足並みを乱してまで、年内来日に固執する必要はあるまい。首相の判断は妥当だ。
Saying that he has recently been reelected president of the Liberal Democratic Party, Abe indicated his willingness to proceed with bilateral talks by saying he would deal with the negotiations more steadily than ever before. Abe will serve three more years as president of the ruling party, while Putin will remain in office for the same length of time.
首相は、先の自らの自民党総裁再選に言及し、「さらに腰を据えて交渉に取り組む」と意欲を示した。総裁任期は残り３年ある。プーチン氏の任期もまた３年だ。
The administrations of both Abe and Putin have solid foundations, and the two leaders enjoy a certain level of trust. It can be said that the environments needed for them to resolve such a politically difficult problem as the territorial issue have been put into place to a certain extent, such as the political leadership keeping the domestic opposition at arm’s length and there is sufficient time to deal with it.
双方の政権基盤は強く、一定の信頼関係もある。国内の反対意見を抑える指導力や時間的余裕など、領土のように政治的に困難な問題の解決に必要な環境は、ある程度整っていると言えよう。
Hard-line stance intolerable
Putin, however, refrained from going deeply into the territorial issue this time. At the onset of the talks, Putin called for Japan’s economic cooperation, by saying, “Regrettably, the value of trade [between Japan and Russia] has been falling.”
ただ、プーチン氏は今回、領土問題に深入りすることを避けた。会談冒頭、「残念ながら貿易額は減少が見られる」と語るなど、日本の経済協力を求めた。
Probably underlying his remarks is the serious decline in the state of Russian economy, which has been affected by the economic sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union and falling crude oil prices.
背景には、欧米からの制裁や原油安による国内経済の落ち込みが深刻化していることがあろう。
Abe said, “I hope preparations for economic cooperation will be made in a constructive and calm atmosphere,” implicitly warning that visits to the northern territories by Russian government officials, including Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, would impede any improvement in the bilateral relations. It is a reasonable acknowledgment on Abe’s part.
首相は「経済協力の準備は建設的で静かな雰囲気で進めたい」と述べた。ロシアのメドベージェフ首相らの北方領土訪問が日露関係改善の障害になるとクギを刺したもので、当然の認識である。
The recent hard-line stance of the Russian Foreign Ministry on the territorial issue is intolerable.
最近、領土問題に対するロシア外務省の強硬姿勢が目に余る。
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said last week that Japan should recognize the reality of postwar history. Russia’s Deputy Foreign Minister Igor Morgulov even said that the northern territories were lawfully transferred to his country as a result of World War II.
ラブロフ外相は先週、「戦後の歴史の現実を認識すべきだ」と発言した。モルグロフ外務次官は、北方領土について「第２次大戦の結果として合法的に我が国に移った」などと言い放っている。
Russia, in diplomatic documents exchanged with Japan, has recognized the existence of the dispute concerning the possession of the four northern islands. As Russian officials, including Lavrov, have adopted stances that apparently ignore past bilateral negotiations, it will be important for Japan to directly approach Putin, who has tremendous political power.
ロシアは日本との外交文書で、北方４島の帰属問題の存在を確認している。ラブロフ氏らが過去の交渉を無視するような姿勢を見せるだけに、日本としては、絶大な権力を持つプーチン氏に直接働きかけることが重要となる。
On Oct. 8, vice ministerial-level talks on the peace treaty will resume. Japan needs to work out a comprehensive diplomatic strategy toward Russia by thoroughly considering what things will be like two to three years from now.
１０月８日からは次官級の平和条約交渉が再開される。日本は、今後２、３年を見据えた対露外交の総合戦略を練る必要がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 30, 2015)
Steadily conduct territorial talks with Russia to work out solution
日露首脳会談 領土交渉は腰を据えて進めよ
Negotiations for signing a bilateral peace treaty and the resolution of the northern territorial issue are inseparable.
平和条約交渉と領土問題の解決は不可分だ。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe held summit talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin in New York, their first meeting in about 10 months.
安倍首相はニューヨークで、ロシアのプーチン大統領と約１０か月ぶりに会談した。
On the northern territorial issue, Abe and Putin confirmed that the two governments will proceed with negotiations on the peace treaty based on a 2013 bilateral agreement that the two countries will “work out measures to resolve the issue acceptable to both sides.” They also agreed to continue holding top-level dialogues on the sidelines of international conferences.
北方領土問題について、「双方が受け入れ可能な解決策をまとめる」とする２０１３年の合意に基づき、平和条約交渉を進める方針を確認した。国際会議を利用した首脳対話の継続でも一致した。
It is highly significant for both countries to put the territorial negotiations back on track.
領土交渉を再び軌道に乗せた意義は小さくない。
With regard to Putin’s visit to Japan, Abe said, “I want to realize it [the visit] when the timing is best,” indicating that he does not feel bound to the plan for Putin to visit by the year-end.
首相は、プーチン氏の来日について「ベストなタイミングで実現させたい」と述べ、年内にはこだわらない考えを示した。
Now that there is no prospect for any tangible result on the territorial issue, it will not be necessary for Abe to adhere to the idea of realizing Putin’s visit to Japan this year, even at the cost of being out of step with the Group of Seven industrialized countries, which have imposed sanctions on Russia in light of the situation in Ukraine. Abe’s decision was appropriate.
現状では領土問題で成果が見込めない以上、ウクライナ情勢を踏まえて対露制裁を継続中の先進７か国（Ｇ７）の足並みを乱してまで、年内来日に固執する必要はあるまい。首相の判断は妥当だ。
Saying that he has recently been reelected president of the Liberal Democratic Party, Abe indicated his willingness to proceed with bilateral talks by saying he would deal with the negotiations more steadily than ever before. Abe will serve three more years as president of the ruling party, while Putin will remain in office for the same length of time.
首相は、先の自らの自民党総裁再選に言及し、「さらに腰を据えて交渉に取り組む」と意欲を示した。総裁任期は残り３年ある。プーチン氏の任期もまた３年だ。
The administrations of both Abe and Putin have solid foundations, and the two leaders enjoy a certain level of trust. It can be said that the environments needed for them to resolve such a politically difficult problem as the territorial issue have been put into place to a certain extent, such as the political leadership keeping the domestic opposition at arm’s length and there is sufficient time to deal with it.
双方の政権基盤は強く、一定の信頼関係もある。国内の反対意見を抑える指導力や時間的余裕など、領土のように政治的に困難な問題の解決に必要な環境は、ある程度整っていると言えよう。
Hard-line stance intolerable
Putin, however, refrained from going deeply into the territorial issue this time. At the onset of the talks, Putin called for Japan’s economic cooperation, by saying, “Regrettably, the value of trade [between Japan and Russia] has been falling.”
ただ、プーチン氏は今回、領土問題に深入りすることを避けた。会談冒頭、「残念ながら貿易額は減少が見られる」と語るなど、日本の経済協力を求めた。
Probably underlying his remarks is the serious decline in the state of Russian economy, which has been affected by the economic sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union and falling crude oil prices.
背景には、欧米からの制裁や原油安による国内経済の落ち込みが深刻化していることがあろう。
Abe said, “I hope preparations for economic cooperation will be made in a constructive and calm atmosphere,” implicitly warning that visits to the northern territories by Russian government officials, including Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, would impede any improvement in the bilateral relations. It is a reasonable acknowledgment on Abe’s part.
首相は「経済協力の準備は建設的で静かな雰囲気で進めたい」と述べた。ロシアのメドベージェフ首相らの北方領土訪問が日露関係改善の障害になるとクギを刺したもので、当然の認識である。
The recent hard-line stance of the Russian Foreign Ministry on the territorial issue is intolerable.
最近、領土問題に対するロシア外務省の強硬姿勢が目に余る。
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said last week that Japan should recognize the reality of postwar history. Russia’s Deputy Foreign Minister Igor Morgulov even said that the northern territories were lawfully transferred to his country as a result of World War II.
ラブロフ外相は先週、「戦後の歴史の現実を認識すべきだ」と発言した。モルグロフ外務次官は、北方領土について「第２次大戦の結果として合法的に我が国に移った」などと言い放っている。
Russia, in diplomatic documents exchanged with Japan, has recognized the existence of the dispute concerning the possession of the four northern islands. As Russian officials, including Lavrov, have adopted stances that apparently ignore past bilateral negotiations, it will be important for Japan to directly approach Putin, who has tremendous political power.
ロシアは日本との外交文書で、北方４島の帰属問題の存在を確認している。ラブロフ氏らが過去の交渉を無視するような姿勢を見せるだけに、日本としては、絶大な権力を持つプーチン氏に直接働きかけることが重要となる。
On Oct. 8, vice ministerial-level talks on the peace treaty will resume. Japan needs to work out a comprehensive diplomatic strategy toward Russia by thoroughly considering what things will be like two to three years from now.
１０月８日からは次官級の平和条約交渉が再開される。日本は、今後２、３年を見据えた対露外交の総合戦略を練る必要がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Sept. 30, 2015)