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2013年04月11日
食物アレルギー 給食の事故防止を徹底したい
[The Yomiuri Shimbun] April 10, 2013
Strong measures needed to prevent food allergy cases occurring at schools
食物アレルギー 給食の事故防止を徹底したい（4月9日付・読売社説）
How can we prevent children with food allergies from experiencing allergic reactions during a pleasant lunch at school?
学校での楽しい給食の時間に、子供の食物アレルギーによる事故をいかに防ぐか。
As a new term has begun at schools, school administrators are asked to do their utmost to ensure their safety measures for school lunches are flawless.
新学期が始まったのを機に、教育現場は改めて給食の安全対策に万全を期してもらいたい。
Those with food allergies can develop such symptoms as eczema and respiratory difficulties if they eat certain foods, such as eggs, milk, wheat, peanuts, shrimp or crab.
卵や牛乳、小麦、落花生、エビ、カニなど特定の食べ物を口にすると、湿疹、呼吸の乱れなどの症状が表れるのが食物アレルギーだ。
There are also life-threatening allergic reactions, such as a sudden drop in blood pressure or impairment of consciousness.
血圧低下や意識障害を引き起こし、命を落とす危険もある。
According to a survey taken by the education ministry, 2.6 percent of students in the country suffer from food allergies. This means almost one student in every class has a food allergy.
文部科学省の調査によると、全国の児童・生徒の２・６％に食物アレルギーがある。ほぼクラスに１人の割合である。
There has been an increase in cases of students mistakenly eating food containing an allergen and requiring medical treatment. In fiscal 2011, such cases topped 300. Thoroughly implementing countermeasures is an urgent matter.
給食でアレルギーの原因食材を誤って口に入れ、治療を受けるケースは増加傾向にある。２０１１年度には３００件を超えた。対策の徹底が急務だ。
Allergic reactions can be fatal
At a municipality-run primary school in Chofu, western Tokyo, a fifth-grade girl died in December last year after consuming dairy products she was allergic to.
東京都調布市の市立小学校では昨年１２月、乳製品にアレルギーがある５年生の女児が死亡する事故が起きた。
A report compiled last month by a local board of education examination committee pointed out a series of mistakes on the part of the school.
市教委の検証委員会が３月にまとめた報告書は、学校のミスの連鎖を指摘している。
On the day of the incident, the school provided her with a special meal without cheese, to which she was allergic. When she asked for seconds, her teacher mistakenly gave her an ordinary portion containing cheese. The teacher should have checked the list of those foods she was not supposed to eat.
学校は女児に、アレルギーの原因のチーズを除いたおかずを出した。だが、女児がお代わりを求めると、担任教諭はチーズ入りのおかずを配ってしまった。その際、担任は、女児が食べられない食材の一覧表を確認すべきだった。
When the student complained about feeling sick, neither her teacher nor a nurse gave her an injection, which could have mitigated her allergic reaction.
さらに、女児が体調不良を訴えた時、担任教諭、養護教諭とも、アレルギーのショックを和らげる注射薬を打たなかった。
At the same school, another student had an allergic reaction during lunch three months earlier. Later the school conducted an instructional program on food allergies for teachers and other school officials. It is quite regrettable that the lesson was not learned.
この学校では、３か月前にも別の児童が給食でアレルギーを起こし、その後、教職員向けの研修を実施していた。教訓を生かせなかったことが何とも悔やまれる。
To prevent such tragic incidents from recurring, it is important for schools to cooperate with students' parents and doctors and to have accurate knowledge of possible allergy symptoms of food-allergic children and take careful steps.
悲劇を繰り返さないためには、学校が保護者や医師と連携して子供の症状を正確に把握し、きめ細かな対応をとることが大切だ。
With regard to measures to be taken for food-allergic students, a guideline was worked out in 2008 under the supervision of the education ministry. However, the reality is that schools differ from one another in how they deal with food allergies.
アレルギー対策を巡っては、文科省監修の指針が２００８年に作られたが、学校ごとに、対応に差があるのが現状と言える。
Schools must be vigilant
It is important for every school to thoroughly take such fundamental measures as distributing in advance lists of school lunch ingredients to parents, while arranging special meals for students with food allergies.
給食の食材リストをあらかじめ保護者に配布する。アレルギーのある子供用の献立を工夫する。各校がこうした基本的対策の総点検を行うことが重要である。
Parents also need to always remind their food-allergic children of those foods that they should not eat.
保護者も日頃から子供に「何を食べてはいけないか」ということを繰り返し教える必要がある。
When a child suffers an allergic reaction to food, the initial response is crucial. Teachers and other school staff need to be trained so that they can administer an injection properly to someone having an allergic reaction.
子供がアレルギー反応を起こした場合、初期対応がカギを握る。教職員が注射薬を適切に投与できるよう訓練を重ねるべきだ。
The education ministry will examine how schools across the country are coping with food allergy issues. We hope any problems can be cleared up to help to prevent further accidents from occurring.
文科省は今後、全国の取り組み状況を調査する。問題点を洗い出し、事故防止につなげたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 9, 2013)
（2013年4月9日01時12分 読売新聞）
Strong measures needed to prevent food allergy cases occurring at schools
食物アレルギー 給食の事故防止を徹底したい（4月9日付・読売社説）
How can we prevent children with food allergies from experiencing allergic reactions during a pleasant lunch at school?
学校での楽しい給食の時間に、子供の食物アレルギーによる事故をいかに防ぐか。
As a new term has begun at schools, school administrators are asked to do their utmost to ensure their safety measures for school lunches are flawless.
新学期が始まったのを機に、教育現場は改めて給食の安全対策に万全を期してもらいたい。
Those with food allergies can develop such symptoms as eczema and respiratory difficulties if they eat certain foods, such as eggs, milk, wheat, peanuts, shrimp or crab.
卵や牛乳、小麦、落花生、エビ、カニなど特定の食べ物を口にすると、湿疹、呼吸の乱れなどの症状が表れるのが食物アレルギーだ。
There are also life-threatening allergic reactions, such as a sudden drop in blood pressure or impairment of consciousness.
血圧低下や意識障害を引き起こし、命を落とす危険もある。
According to a survey taken by the education ministry, 2.6 percent of students in the country suffer from food allergies. This means almost one student in every class has a food allergy.
文部科学省の調査によると、全国の児童・生徒の２・６％に食物アレルギーがある。ほぼクラスに１人の割合である。
There has been an increase in cases of students mistakenly eating food containing an allergen and requiring medical treatment. In fiscal 2011, such cases topped 300. Thoroughly implementing countermeasures is an urgent matter.
給食でアレルギーの原因食材を誤って口に入れ、治療を受けるケースは増加傾向にある。２０１１年度には３００件を超えた。対策の徹底が急務だ。
Allergic reactions can be fatal
At a municipality-run primary school in Chofu, western Tokyo, a fifth-grade girl died in December last year after consuming dairy products she was allergic to.
東京都調布市の市立小学校では昨年１２月、乳製品にアレルギーがある５年生の女児が死亡する事故が起きた。
A report compiled last month by a local board of education examination committee pointed out a series of mistakes on the part of the school.
市教委の検証委員会が３月にまとめた報告書は、学校のミスの連鎖を指摘している。
On the day of the incident, the school provided her with a special meal without cheese, to which she was allergic. When she asked for seconds, her teacher mistakenly gave her an ordinary portion containing cheese. The teacher should have checked the list of those foods she was not supposed to eat.
学校は女児に、アレルギーの原因のチーズを除いたおかずを出した。だが、女児がお代わりを求めると、担任教諭はチーズ入りのおかずを配ってしまった。その際、担任は、女児が食べられない食材の一覧表を確認すべきだった。
When the student complained about feeling sick, neither her teacher nor a nurse gave her an injection, which could have mitigated her allergic reaction.
さらに、女児が体調不良を訴えた時、担任教諭、養護教諭とも、アレルギーのショックを和らげる注射薬を打たなかった。
At the same school, another student had an allergic reaction during lunch three months earlier. Later the school conducted an instructional program on food allergies for teachers and other school officials. It is quite regrettable that the lesson was not learned.
この学校では、３か月前にも別の児童が給食でアレルギーを起こし、その後、教職員向けの研修を実施していた。教訓を生かせなかったことが何とも悔やまれる。
To prevent such tragic incidents from recurring, it is important for schools to cooperate with students' parents and doctors and to have accurate knowledge of possible allergy symptoms of food-allergic children and take careful steps.
悲劇を繰り返さないためには、学校が保護者や医師と連携して子供の症状を正確に把握し、きめ細かな対応をとることが大切だ。
With regard to measures to be taken for food-allergic students, a guideline was worked out in 2008 under the supervision of the education ministry. However, the reality is that schools differ from one another in how they deal with food allergies.
アレルギー対策を巡っては、文科省監修の指針が２００８年に作られたが、学校ごとに、対応に差があるのが現状と言える。
Schools must be vigilant
It is important for every school to thoroughly take such fundamental measures as distributing in advance lists of school lunch ingredients to parents, while arranging special meals for students with food allergies.
給食の食材リストをあらかじめ保護者に配布する。アレルギーのある子供用の献立を工夫する。各校がこうした基本的対策の総点検を行うことが重要である。
Parents also need to always remind their food-allergic children of those foods that they should not eat.
保護者も日頃から子供に「何を食べてはいけないか」ということを繰り返し教える必要がある。
When a child suffers an allergic reaction to food, the initial response is crucial. Teachers and other school staff need to be trained so that they can administer an injection properly to someone having an allergic reaction.
子供がアレルギー反応を起こした場合、初期対応がカギを握る。教職員が注射薬を適切に投与できるよう訓練を重ねるべきだ。
The education ministry will examine how schools across the country are coping with food allergy issues. We hope any problems can be cleared up to help to prevent further accidents from occurring.
文科省は今後、全国の取り組み状況を調査する。問題点を洗い出し、事故防止につなげたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 9, 2013)
（2013年4月9日01時12分 読売新聞）
2013年04月10日
日本船警備法案 海賊対策強化へ早期成立を
[The Yomiuri Shimbun] April 9, 2013
Enact antipiracy law soon to protect nation's access to vital sea lanes
日本船警備法案 海賊対策強化へ早期成立を（4月8日付・読売社説）
It is vitally important for Japan, a trading nation, to secure the safety of sea lanes stretching all the way from the Middle East, the main artery for the transportation of energy resources to this country.
貿易立国・日本にとって、エネルギー輸送の大動脈である中東からの海上交通路（シーレーン）の安全確保は、死活的な重要性を持つ。
The government has submitted to the Diet a bill concerning special measures that would allow armed security guards from the private sector to board Japanese tankers and other types of vessels to protect them from pirates off Somalia.
政府が、アフリカ・ソマリア沖の海賊対策として、武装した民間警備員のタンカーなどへの乗船を認める日本船舶警備特別措置法案を国会に提出した。
Pirates have expanded their sphere of activity in recent years, and the areas where pirates' attacks have been reported have spread to the Arabian Sea and the northern Indian Ocean.
海賊は近年、行動半径を広げ、被害海域はアラビア海やインド洋北部に拡大している。
The use of private-sector security guards is an effective tool to cover those areas, where the Maritime Self-Defense Force cannot escort ships. Therefore, it is necessary to get the bill passed into law as quickly as possible.
海上自衛隊の護衛活動では対応できない海域をカバーするため、民間警備員の活用は有効な手段であり、法案の早期成立を図る必要がある。
The bill enables private-sector security guards armed with rifles to board Japanese flag carriers though in limited waters such as the Arabian Sea, a hot spot for piracy.
法案は、海賊行為が多発するアラビア海などに限定し、ライフル銃を持つ民間警備員が日本籍船に乗船し、警備することを可能にする。
If enacted, the law would require maritime shipping companies that own the vessels to draw up a security plan in advance and have it approved by the transport minister.
船主の船舶会社が事前に警備計画を作成し、国土交通相の認定を受けることを義務づける。
Major countries already have armed security guards aboard their ships. But private-sector security guards cannot carry firearms aboard Japanese flag carriers, which are subject to the Firearms and Sword Control Law.
主要国は既に武装警備員を乗船させているが、日本籍船は銃刀法が適用されるため、民間警備員は銃を所持できない。
Firearms would be controlled
According to the bill, the ship's captain would normally keep the firearms under his management and hand them over to the security guards if the ship is pursued by a suspicious vessel, thus enabling them to fire warning shots or fire at the vessel's body.
法案では、平時は船長が銃を管理し、不審船の追跡を受けた段階で警備員に銃を渡し、警告射撃や船体射撃などを可能にする。
The bill assumes as an example that a team of four security guards working for a British security company boards a ship off Saudi Arabia or Oman, and gets off the ship off Sri Lanka after completing its mission. Shipping companies would bear the cost of hiring the guards.
英国の警備会社の警備員が４人１組でサウジアラビアやオマーン沖で乗船し、任務終了後にスリランカ沖で下船するという想定だ。費用は船舶会社が負担する。
Such an arrangement would be appropriate as it would be compatible with the Firearms and Swords Control Law, by not allowing firearms to be brought into Japanese territory.
日本国内に銃を持ち込まないようにすることで、銃刀法との整合性を取る仕組みは妥当だ。
The number of reported incidents of piracy off Somalia surpassed the 200 mark every year from 2009 to 2011, but it dropped to 75 last year and totaled four as of the end of last month for this year.
ソマリア沖での海賊の発生件数は２００９〜１１年は各２００件を超えたが、１２年は７５件、今年も３月末現在で４件と急減した。
The sharp decline is believed to have much to do with the self-defense measures taken by ships themselves and the patrolling activities of the naval forces of the countries concerned.
各国船舶の自衛策や、海軍の護衛活動の成果と見られている。
Efforts highly regarded
Japan's MSDF vessels have escorted more than 2,900 vessels, including foreign ones, providing escorts on about 450 occasions since 2009 in the Gulf of Aden. Meanwhile, P3C patrol planes have provided Japanese and foreign vessels with information on suspicious vessels in at least 7,600 cases through about 870 flights.
海自艦船は０９年以降、アデン湾で約４５０回、外国船を含め２９００隻以上を護衛した。哨戒機Ｐ３Ｃも、約８７０回の飛行で７６００件以上の不審船情報を各国艦船などに提供している。
The MSDF has accounted for about 60 percent of the total number of patrol flights and assumed a leading role in anti-piracy measures taken by the international community, winning high regard for its efforts. We hope the MSDF continues to steadily fulfill its mission.
海自は、哨戒飛行全体の６割を占めるなど、国際社会の海賊対策の中心的役割を担い、高い評価を得ている。引き続き任務を着実に果たしてもらいたい。
For truly effective antipiracy measures, however, it is essential for Somalia to enhance its law-enforcement capabilities and for those coastal states of the Gulf of Aden, including Yemen, to improve their maritime security capabilities.
ただ、抜本的な海賊対策としては、ソマリアの法執行能力や、イエメンなどアデン湾沿岸国の海上保安能力の向上が欠かせない。
Japan, through international organizations, has offered financial assistance and technical guidance to improve public safety in Somalia and establish a maritime security training center in Djibouti.
日本は、国際機関を通じて、ソマリアの治安向上策やジブチの海上保安訓練センター設立に資金協力や技術指導を実施している。
It is important for Japan to continue its assistance to these nations, in cooperation with countries concerned.
今後も、関係国と連携し、支援を継続することが大切である。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 8, 2013)
（2013年4月8日01時14分 読売新聞）
Enact antipiracy law soon to protect nation's access to vital sea lanes
日本船警備法案 海賊対策強化へ早期成立を（4月8日付・読売社説）
It is vitally important for Japan, a trading nation, to secure the safety of sea lanes stretching all the way from the Middle East, the main artery for the transportation of energy resources to this country.
貿易立国・日本にとって、エネルギー輸送の大動脈である中東からの海上交通路（シーレーン）の安全確保は、死活的な重要性を持つ。
The government has submitted to the Diet a bill concerning special measures that would allow armed security guards from the private sector to board Japanese tankers and other types of vessels to protect them from pirates off Somalia.
政府が、アフリカ・ソマリア沖の海賊対策として、武装した民間警備員のタンカーなどへの乗船を認める日本船舶警備特別措置法案を国会に提出した。
Pirates have expanded their sphere of activity in recent years, and the areas where pirates' attacks have been reported have spread to the Arabian Sea and the northern Indian Ocean.
海賊は近年、行動半径を広げ、被害海域はアラビア海やインド洋北部に拡大している。
The use of private-sector security guards is an effective tool to cover those areas, where the Maritime Self-Defense Force cannot escort ships. Therefore, it is necessary to get the bill passed into law as quickly as possible.
海上自衛隊の護衛活動では対応できない海域をカバーするため、民間警備員の活用は有効な手段であり、法案の早期成立を図る必要がある。
The bill enables private-sector security guards armed with rifles to board Japanese flag carriers though in limited waters such as the Arabian Sea, a hot spot for piracy.
法案は、海賊行為が多発するアラビア海などに限定し、ライフル銃を持つ民間警備員が日本籍船に乗船し、警備することを可能にする。
If enacted, the law would require maritime shipping companies that own the vessels to draw up a security plan in advance and have it approved by the transport minister.
船主の船舶会社が事前に警備計画を作成し、国土交通相の認定を受けることを義務づける。
Major countries already have armed security guards aboard their ships. But private-sector security guards cannot carry firearms aboard Japanese flag carriers, which are subject to the Firearms and Sword Control Law.
主要国は既に武装警備員を乗船させているが、日本籍船は銃刀法が適用されるため、民間警備員は銃を所持できない。
Firearms would be controlled
According to the bill, the ship's captain would normally keep the firearms under his management and hand them over to the security guards if the ship is pursued by a suspicious vessel, thus enabling them to fire warning shots or fire at the vessel's body.
法案では、平時は船長が銃を管理し、不審船の追跡を受けた段階で警備員に銃を渡し、警告射撃や船体射撃などを可能にする。
The bill assumes as an example that a team of four security guards working for a British security company boards a ship off Saudi Arabia or Oman, and gets off the ship off Sri Lanka after completing its mission. Shipping companies would bear the cost of hiring the guards.
英国の警備会社の警備員が４人１組でサウジアラビアやオマーン沖で乗船し、任務終了後にスリランカ沖で下船するという想定だ。費用は船舶会社が負担する。
Such an arrangement would be appropriate as it would be compatible with the Firearms and Swords Control Law, by not allowing firearms to be brought into Japanese territory.
日本国内に銃を持ち込まないようにすることで、銃刀法との整合性を取る仕組みは妥当だ。
The number of reported incidents of piracy off Somalia surpassed the 200 mark every year from 2009 to 2011, but it dropped to 75 last year and totaled four as of the end of last month for this year.
ソマリア沖での海賊の発生件数は２００９〜１１年は各２００件を超えたが、１２年は７５件、今年も３月末現在で４件と急減した。
The sharp decline is believed to have much to do with the self-defense measures taken by ships themselves and the patrolling activities of the naval forces of the countries concerned.
各国船舶の自衛策や、海軍の護衛活動の成果と見られている。
Efforts highly regarded
Japan's MSDF vessels have escorted more than 2,900 vessels, including foreign ones, providing escorts on about 450 occasions since 2009 in the Gulf of Aden. Meanwhile, P3C patrol planes have provided Japanese and foreign vessels with information on suspicious vessels in at least 7,600 cases through about 870 flights.
海自艦船は０９年以降、アデン湾で約４５０回、外国船を含め２９００隻以上を護衛した。哨戒機Ｐ３Ｃも、約８７０回の飛行で７６００件以上の不審船情報を各国艦船などに提供している。
The MSDF has accounted for about 60 percent of the total number of patrol flights and assumed a leading role in anti-piracy measures taken by the international community, winning high regard for its efforts. We hope the MSDF continues to steadily fulfill its mission.
海自は、哨戒飛行全体の６割を占めるなど、国際社会の海賊対策の中心的役割を担い、高い評価を得ている。引き続き任務を着実に果たしてもらいたい。
For truly effective antipiracy measures, however, it is essential for Somalia to enhance its law-enforcement capabilities and for those coastal states of the Gulf of Aden, including Yemen, to improve their maritime security capabilities.
ただ、抜本的な海賊対策としては、ソマリアの法執行能力や、イエメンなどアデン湾沿岸国の海上保安能力の向上が欠かせない。
Japan, through international organizations, has offered financial assistance and technical guidance to improve public safety in Somalia and establish a maritime security training center in Djibouti.
日本は、国際機関を通じて、ソマリアの治安向上策やジブチの海上保安訓練センター設立に資金協力や技術指導を実施している。
It is important for Japan to continue its assistance to these nations, in cooperation with countries concerned.
今後も、関係国と連携し、支援を継続することが大切である。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 8, 2013)
（2013年4月8日01時14分 読売新聞）
2013年04月09日
中国鳥インフル 感染実態を迅速に開示せよ
[The Yomiuri Shimbun] April 8, 2013
EDITORIAL / Chinese govt must promptly disclose full details of new bird flu virus
中国鳥インフル 感染実態を迅速に開示せよ（4月7日付・読売社説）
It has been confirmed for the first time that humans have been infected with a new type of avian influenza, the H7N9 virus, in Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, and neighboring areas in China.
中国の上海市や江蘇省などで、新型の鳥インフルエンザウイルス「Ｈ７Ｎ９型」の人への感染が初めて確認された。
The infection is spreading, and has caused several deaths. An epidemic of this flu might erupt not only in other parts of China, but also on a global scale.
感染は次第に広がり、死者も出ている。中国だけでなく、世界に蔓延(まんえん)する恐れもある。
To contain the spread of this disease, it is important for the Chinese government to beef up countermeasures and make sure all necessary information is properly disclosed.
中国政府は感染拡大を防ぐため、対策を強化し、情報開示を徹底することが重要だ。
It remains unknown how the victims became infected. Some reportedly were engaged in selling pork or processing chicken meat. The H7N9 virus has been detected in pigeons and chickens at Shanghai's wholesale market.
感染経路はまだ明らかになっていない。感染者には豚肉販売やニワトリの食肉処理に携わっていた人もいるという。上海の卸売市場では、ハトやニワトリからＨ７Ｎ９型のウイルスが検出された。
The Chinese government must confirm the true extent of the spread of this new strain as quickly as possible.
中国政府は、実態把握を急ぐ必要がある。
A major problem is that the Chinese government has failed to promptly provide enough information thus far. It first announced H7N9 infections about one month after the first known human death from the strain.
問題なのは、情報開示が遅く、十分ではないことだ。中国政府が感染の事実を公表したのは、最初の患者の死亡から１か月近くたってからだった。
Media controls a concern
When China was gripped by the SARS epidemic in 2003, its government initially concealed the truth, which caused the disease to spread and triggered widespread social turmoil.
中国では２００３年に新型肺炎（ＳＡＲＳ）が流行した際、政府の情報隠蔽が感染拡大と社会不安を招いた。
The Chinese government is apparently more willing to share information this time, but its control over media coverage is still a cause of concern.
当時より改善は見られるが、報道統制が気がかりだ。
Although China has become the world's second-largest economy, its supervisory systems to ensure food safety and hygiene remain inadequate.
世界第２位の経済大国にもかかわらず、中国ではもともと、食品の安全管理や衛生状態の監督体制が十分でない。
In March, thousands of pig carcasses were dumped in a river that flows through Shanghai. China should implement stricter safety control measures.
３月には、上海市を流れる河川に大量の豚の死骸が投棄される事件が起きた。安全管理を厳格化すべきだ。
China is not the only one whose response to the new flu strain is in the spotlight.
対応が問われているのは、中国だけではない。
According to analysis by the World Health Organization and other bodies, the H7N9 virus is completely different to the H1N1 and other new strains that affected many parts of the world in the past 10 to 20 years, and it also spreads in different ways.
世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）などの分析では、今回のウイルスは、この１０〜２０年間に世界各地で出現したＨ１Ｎ１型などの新型インフルエンザとは、型も感染形態も全く異なるタイプだ。
Japan should be prepared
The H7N9 strain is believed to have a cocktail of genes of the three types of avian flu that became epidemics in China, South Korea and other areas. The virus seems to have become potent enough to infect humans due to genetic mutations that occurred while it was transmitted repeatedly among birds and other animals.
これまで中国、韓国などで蔓延していた３種類の鳥インフルエンザウイルスの遺伝子が入り混じったものと見られている。鳥などの間で感染を繰り返すうちに、遺伝子が変異して、人に対する感染力を持ったようだ。
The H7N9 strain is remarkable in that infected birds and animals do not show any symptoms. There are fears that more people could become infected while abnormal situations--such as mass bird deaths--do not occur.
感染した鳥などに症状が表れないのも特徴である。鳥が大量死するといった異変が生じないまま人への感染が広がる恐れがある。
It is crucial that researchers from around the world work together in assessing and analyzing the new bird flu.
新たなウイルスの評価、分析のためには、各国の専門家の協力が欠かせない。
We hope the Japanese government also will take every possible step to combat the new strain. Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga has quite rightly told the Health, Welfare and Labor Ministry to gather information related to this outbreak.
日本政府も対策に万全を期してもらいたい。菅官房長官が厚生労働省に情報収集に努めるよう指示したのは当然である。
Under a law for dealing with new types of influenza that comes into effect later this month, the central and local governments, in accordance with action plans they will compile, can urge the public to stay indoors to help contain the spread of the disease. This law should play the central role in this nation's response to the disease.
新型インフルエンザ対策特別措置法が、今月中にも施行される。感染拡大を防ぐため、政府や自治体が、行動計画に基づき、外出自粛などを求めることを盛り込んでいる。対策の柱とすべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 7, 2013)
（2013年4月7日01時32分 読売新聞）
EDITORIAL / Chinese govt must promptly disclose full details of new bird flu virus
中国鳥インフル 感染実態を迅速に開示せよ（4月7日付・読売社説）
It has been confirmed for the first time that humans have been infected with a new type of avian influenza, the H7N9 virus, in Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, and neighboring areas in China.
中国の上海市や江蘇省などで、新型の鳥インフルエンザウイルス「Ｈ７Ｎ９型」の人への感染が初めて確認された。
The infection is spreading, and has caused several deaths. An epidemic of this flu might erupt not only in other parts of China, but also on a global scale.
感染は次第に広がり、死者も出ている。中国だけでなく、世界に蔓延(まんえん)する恐れもある。
To contain the spread of this disease, it is important for the Chinese government to beef up countermeasures and make sure all necessary information is properly disclosed.
中国政府は感染拡大を防ぐため、対策を強化し、情報開示を徹底することが重要だ。
It remains unknown how the victims became infected. Some reportedly were engaged in selling pork or processing chicken meat. The H7N9 virus has been detected in pigeons and chickens at Shanghai's wholesale market.
感染経路はまだ明らかになっていない。感染者には豚肉販売やニワトリの食肉処理に携わっていた人もいるという。上海の卸売市場では、ハトやニワトリからＨ７Ｎ９型のウイルスが検出された。
The Chinese government must confirm the true extent of the spread of this new strain as quickly as possible.
中国政府は、実態把握を急ぐ必要がある。
A major problem is that the Chinese government has failed to promptly provide enough information thus far. It first announced H7N9 infections about one month after the first known human death from the strain.
問題なのは、情報開示が遅く、十分ではないことだ。中国政府が感染の事実を公表したのは、最初の患者の死亡から１か月近くたってからだった。
Media controls a concern
When China was gripped by the SARS epidemic in 2003, its government initially concealed the truth, which caused the disease to spread and triggered widespread social turmoil.
中国では２００３年に新型肺炎（ＳＡＲＳ）が流行した際、政府の情報隠蔽が感染拡大と社会不安を招いた。
The Chinese government is apparently more willing to share information this time, but its control over media coverage is still a cause of concern.
当時より改善は見られるが、報道統制が気がかりだ。
Although China has become the world's second-largest economy, its supervisory systems to ensure food safety and hygiene remain inadequate.
世界第２位の経済大国にもかかわらず、中国ではもともと、食品の安全管理や衛生状態の監督体制が十分でない。
In March, thousands of pig carcasses were dumped in a river that flows through Shanghai. China should implement stricter safety control measures.
３月には、上海市を流れる河川に大量の豚の死骸が投棄される事件が起きた。安全管理を厳格化すべきだ。
China is not the only one whose response to the new flu strain is in the spotlight.
対応が問われているのは、中国だけではない。
According to analysis by the World Health Organization and other bodies, the H7N9 virus is completely different to the H1N1 and other new strains that affected many parts of the world in the past 10 to 20 years, and it also spreads in different ways.
世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）などの分析では、今回のウイルスは、この１０〜２０年間に世界各地で出現したＨ１Ｎ１型などの新型インフルエンザとは、型も感染形態も全く異なるタイプだ。
Japan should be prepared
The H7N9 strain is believed to have a cocktail of genes of the three types of avian flu that became epidemics in China, South Korea and other areas. The virus seems to have become potent enough to infect humans due to genetic mutations that occurred while it was transmitted repeatedly among birds and other animals.
これまで中国、韓国などで蔓延していた３種類の鳥インフルエンザウイルスの遺伝子が入り混じったものと見られている。鳥などの間で感染を繰り返すうちに、遺伝子が変異して、人に対する感染力を持ったようだ。
The H7N9 strain is remarkable in that infected birds and animals do not show any symptoms. There are fears that more people could become infected while abnormal situations--such as mass bird deaths--do not occur.
感染した鳥などに症状が表れないのも特徴である。鳥が大量死するといった異変が生じないまま人への感染が広がる恐れがある。
It is crucial that researchers from around the world work together in assessing and analyzing the new bird flu.
新たなウイルスの評価、分析のためには、各国の専門家の協力が欠かせない。
We hope the Japanese government also will take every possible step to combat the new strain. Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga has quite rightly told the Health, Welfare and Labor Ministry to gather information related to this outbreak.
日本政府も対策に万全を期してもらいたい。菅官房長官が厚生労働省に情報収集に努めるよう指示したのは当然である。
Under a law for dealing with new types of influenza that comes into effect later this month, the central and local governments, in accordance with action plans they will compile, can urge the public to stay indoors to help contain the spread of the disease. This law should play the central role in this nation's response to the disease.
新型インフルエンザ対策特別措置法が、今月中にも施行される。感染拡大を防ぐため、政府や自治体が、行動計画に基づき、外出自粛などを求めることを盛り込んでいる。対策の柱とすべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 7, 2013)
（2013年4月7日01時32分 読売新聞）
2013年04月08日
北朝鮮ミサイル 「不意打ち」への備えは万全か
[The Yomiuri Shimbun] April 7, 2013
EDITORIAL / Make thorough preparations for N. Korean surprise missile launch
北朝鮮ミサイル 「不意打ち」への備えは万全か（4月6日付・読売社説）
North Korea's threatening words and actions have escalated even further recently.
北朝鮮が威嚇的な言動を、さらにエスカレートさせている。
We're no longer at a stage where Pyongyang's rhetoric and behavior can be considered mere provocations. Japan needs to make preparations to swiftly address any contingency by strengthening cooperation with the United States and South Korea.
もはや挑発行為と受け止めるだけで済む段階ではあるまい。日本は米国や韓国と連携を強化し、不測の事態に迅速に対応できる態勢を整える必要がある。
South Korean Defense Minister Kim Kwan Jin said Thursday that North Korea has moved a medium-range ballistic missile to the Sea of Japan coast. This missile is a Musudan type that has a range of more than 3,000 kilometers, capable of reaching the U.S. Pacific island of Guam.
韓国の金寛鎮国防相が、北朝鮮が中距離弾道ミサイルを日本海側に移動させたと明らかにした。
推定射程３０００キロ・メートル以上のムスダン・ミサイルで、米グアム島に到達可能とされる。
The United States has since dispatched a sea-based high-performance X-band radar, which has early warning capability, and two Aegis-equipped destroyers to the western Pacific and areas near the Korean Peninsula. Washington also decided to deploy a state-of-the-art missile defense system to Guam to be ready within weeks.
米国は、早期警戒能力を持つ海上配備型の高性能Ｘバンドレーダーやイージス艦２隻などを西太平洋や朝鮮半島付近海域に派遣した。グアム島には、最新鋭のミサイル防衛（ＭＤ）システムを数週間以内に配備すると決めた。
'Real and clear danger'
The United States has apparently taken seriously the enhancement of North Korea's nuclear attack capability, described by U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel as a "real and clear danger," as a threat to itself and its allies, Japan and South Korea.
ヘーゲル米国防長官が「現実の、明白な危機」と述べた通り、北朝鮮の核攻撃能力の向上を、米国や日韓など同盟国への脅威として、深刻に受け止めた結果だろう。
Late last month, Kim Jong Un, the first secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, approved a plan to attack the U.S. mainland, Hawaii and Guam if the United States attacks the country. The Rodong Sinmun, the official newspaper of North Korea's ruling party, listed U.S. military bases in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture; Misawa, Aomori Prefecture; and Okinawa Prefecture as potential attack targets.
北朝鮮の金正恩第１書記は先月末、「米国が攻撃すれば」との条件付きながら、「米本土やハワイ、グアム島」などへの攻撃計画を承認した。朝鮮労働党機関紙は、横須賀、三沢、沖縄の在日米軍基地も攻撃対象に挙げた。
By flaunting North Korea's strike capability at home and abroad, Kim probably also aims to bolster his authority. However, any moves that raise tensions in Northeast Asia should not be taken lightly.
攻撃能力を内外に誇示し、自らの権威を高める狙いもあろう。だが、北東アジアの緊張を高める動きを看過することはできない。
Japan is within the reach of North Korea's Rodong medium-range ballistic missiles, which have already been deployed in a war scenario. Japan must ratchet up its vigilance and surveillance activities another notch.
日本は、北朝鮮が実戦配備済みの中距離弾道ミサイル・ノドンの射程に入っている。監視と警戒を一段と強化する必要がある。
Unlike North Korea's test-firing of long-range ballistic missiles in 2009 and 2012, which it announced in advance as a satellite launch, it is highly likely the country would launch a missile without prior notice about the timing and where the missile is expected to fall.
「人工衛星打ち上げ」の事前通告があった２００９年と１２年の長距離弾道ミサイルとは異なり、時期や着弾地の予告もないままに発射される可能性が高い。
The government must assume various possible contingencies and take all possible measures to prepare for a North Korean missile launch.
政府は様々な事態を想定し、備えに万全を期さねばならない。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe instructed the deputy chief cabinet secretary for crisis management to take action on three points: thoroughly collecting and analyzing information on North Korea's moves; quickly and accurately providing information to the public; and ensuring people's safety and security. We think these measures are appropriate.
安倍首相が、北朝鮮に関する情報収集・分析の徹底、国民への迅速・的確な情報提供、国民の安全・安心の確保――の３点を徹底するよう内閣危機管理監に指示したのは適切な措置だ。
Defenders must be on guard
In preparation for a possible missile launch by North Korea, the government has begun discussions toward issuing an order that would authorize the Self-Defense Forces to intercept a missile with a missile defense system. Preparations should also be made without delay for the J-Alert system to be used to warn of a possible missile launch.
政府はミサイル発射に備え、ＭＤシステムによる迎撃を自衛隊に認める「破壊措置命令」の発令の検討に入った。全国瞬時警報システム「Ｊアラート」の速報態勢の準備も遅滞なく進めるべきだ。
Taking on a policy of strengthening its nuclear arsenal capability, North Korea also announced that it will restart all mothballed facilities at its Yongbyon nuclear complex.
北朝鮮は、核戦力強化路線を打ち出し、停止中の核施設の再稼働も発表した。
To prepare for contingencies on the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese government must discuss measures in close consultation with the South Korean government, with the protection of Japanese nationals in South Korea also in mind.
朝鮮半島有事に備え、韓国の邦人保護を念頭に置いて、韓国政府とも緊密に協議し、対応策を検討しておくことが欠かせない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 6, 2013)
（2013年4月6日01時24分 読売新聞）
EDITORIAL / Make thorough preparations for N. Korean surprise missile launch
北朝鮮ミサイル 「不意打ち」への備えは万全か（4月6日付・読売社説）
North Korea's threatening words and actions have escalated even further recently.
北朝鮮が威嚇的な言動を、さらにエスカレートさせている。
We're no longer at a stage where Pyongyang's rhetoric and behavior can be considered mere provocations. Japan needs to make preparations to swiftly address any contingency by strengthening cooperation with the United States and South Korea.
もはや挑発行為と受け止めるだけで済む段階ではあるまい。日本は米国や韓国と連携を強化し、不測の事態に迅速に対応できる態勢を整える必要がある。
South Korean Defense Minister Kim Kwan Jin said Thursday that North Korea has moved a medium-range ballistic missile to the Sea of Japan coast. This missile is a Musudan type that has a range of more than 3,000 kilometers, capable of reaching the U.S. Pacific island of Guam.
韓国の金寛鎮国防相が、北朝鮮が中距離弾道ミサイルを日本海側に移動させたと明らかにした。
推定射程３０００キロ・メートル以上のムスダン・ミサイルで、米グアム島に到達可能とされる。
The United States has since dispatched a sea-based high-performance X-band radar, which has early warning capability, and two Aegis-equipped destroyers to the western Pacific and areas near the Korean Peninsula. Washington also decided to deploy a state-of-the-art missile defense system to Guam to be ready within weeks.
米国は、早期警戒能力を持つ海上配備型の高性能Ｘバンドレーダーやイージス艦２隻などを西太平洋や朝鮮半島付近海域に派遣した。グアム島には、最新鋭のミサイル防衛（ＭＤ）システムを数週間以内に配備すると決めた。
'Real and clear danger'
The United States has apparently taken seriously the enhancement of North Korea's nuclear attack capability, described by U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel as a "real and clear danger," as a threat to itself and its allies, Japan and South Korea.
ヘーゲル米国防長官が「現実の、明白な危機」と述べた通り、北朝鮮の核攻撃能力の向上を、米国や日韓など同盟国への脅威として、深刻に受け止めた結果だろう。
Late last month, Kim Jong Un, the first secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, approved a plan to attack the U.S. mainland, Hawaii and Guam if the United States attacks the country. The Rodong Sinmun, the official newspaper of North Korea's ruling party, listed U.S. military bases in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture; Misawa, Aomori Prefecture; and Okinawa Prefecture as potential attack targets.
北朝鮮の金正恩第１書記は先月末、「米国が攻撃すれば」との条件付きながら、「米本土やハワイ、グアム島」などへの攻撃計画を承認した。朝鮮労働党機関紙は、横須賀、三沢、沖縄の在日米軍基地も攻撃対象に挙げた。
By flaunting North Korea's strike capability at home and abroad, Kim probably also aims to bolster his authority. However, any moves that raise tensions in Northeast Asia should not be taken lightly.
攻撃能力を内外に誇示し、自らの権威を高める狙いもあろう。だが、北東アジアの緊張を高める動きを看過することはできない。
Japan is within the reach of North Korea's Rodong medium-range ballistic missiles, which have already been deployed in a war scenario. Japan must ratchet up its vigilance and surveillance activities another notch.
日本は、北朝鮮が実戦配備済みの中距離弾道ミサイル・ノドンの射程に入っている。監視と警戒を一段と強化する必要がある。
Unlike North Korea's test-firing of long-range ballistic missiles in 2009 and 2012, which it announced in advance as a satellite launch, it is highly likely the country would launch a missile without prior notice about the timing and where the missile is expected to fall.
「人工衛星打ち上げ」の事前通告があった２００９年と１２年の長距離弾道ミサイルとは異なり、時期や着弾地の予告もないままに発射される可能性が高い。
The government must assume various possible contingencies and take all possible measures to prepare for a North Korean missile launch.
政府は様々な事態を想定し、備えに万全を期さねばならない。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe instructed the deputy chief cabinet secretary for crisis management to take action on three points: thoroughly collecting and analyzing information on North Korea's moves; quickly and accurately providing information to the public; and ensuring people's safety and security. We think these measures are appropriate.
安倍首相が、北朝鮮に関する情報収集・分析の徹底、国民への迅速・的確な情報提供、国民の安全・安心の確保――の３点を徹底するよう内閣危機管理監に指示したのは適切な措置だ。
Defenders must be on guard
In preparation for a possible missile launch by North Korea, the government has begun discussions toward issuing an order that would authorize the Self-Defense Forces to intercept a missile with a missile defense system. Preparations should also be made without delay for the J-Alert system to be used to warn of a possible missile launch.
政府はミサイル発射に備え、ＭＤシステムによる迎撃を自衛隊に認める「破壊措置命令」の発令の検討に入った。全国瞬時警報システム「Ｊアラート」の速報態勢の準備も遅滞なく進めるべきだ。
Taking on a policy of strengthening its nuclear arsenal capability, North Korea also announced that it will restart all mothballed facilities at its Yongbyon nuclear complex.
北朝鮮は、核戦力強化路線を打ち出し、停止中の核施設の再稼働も発表した。
To prepare for contingencies on the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese government must discuss measures in close consultation with the South Korean government, with the protection of Japanese nationals in South Korea also in mind.
朝鮮半島有事に備え、韓国の邦人保護を念頭に置いて、韓国政府とも緊密に協議し、対応策を検討しておくことが欠かせない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 6, 2013)
（2013年4月6日01時24分 読売新聞）
2013年04月07日
新たな緩和策―歯止めを壊すだけでは
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 5
EDITORIAL: BOJ needs self-control in implementing bold easy money policy
新たな緩和策―歯止めを壊すだけでは
The Bank of Japan under new Governor Haruhiko Kuroda on April 4 decided on a new monetary-easing policy as part of efforts to "do everything possible" to achieve a 2-percent annual inflation target in two years.
日本銀行が、年２％のインフレを２年で達成するために「やれることは何でもやる」という黒田東彦新総裁のもと、新たな金融緩和を決めた。
The BOJ has changed its policy indicator from an uncollateralized overnight call money rate to a monetary base, or the total amount of cash in circulation and commercial banks' reserves with the BOJ.
The central bank said "it will enter a new phase of monetary easing both in terms of quantity and quality."
「量・質ともに次元の違う金融緩和」を掲げ、政策の指標を金利水準ではなく、市中に出回る現金と銀行の日銀への預金を合わせた金額（マネタリーベース）に変えた。
By buying larger quantities of government bonds and other commodities, it plans to bolster the monetary base by 60 trillion yen to 70 trillion yen a year. By the end of 2014, the amount is expected to reach 270 trillion yen, nearly double the balance at the end of last year.
国債などを大量に買うことでマネタリーベースを年間６０兆〜７０兆円増やす。１４年末には２７０兆円と、昨年末のほぼ倍になる見込みである。
To achieve that goal, the BOJ removed some long-standing rules.
問題は、その実現のために、これまで日銀が設けてきた決まりを一挙に取り払ったことだ。
For example, long-term government bonds that it could buy were limited to those that would mature in three years or less. But that restriction has been lifted.
たとえば、買い入れる長期国債は満期まで３年以内のものに限るとしてきたが、その制限を撤廃する。
Moreover, the asset purchase program for monetary easing purposes will be absorbed into its bond purchases for ordinary monetary control operations. In addition, the BOJ decided to temporarily suspend the "banknote principle," a rule that sets the upper limit on the outstanding amount of government bonds it holds to the outstanding balance of banknotes issued.
As a result, the BOJ can now purchase an unlimited amount of government bonds.
さらに、金融緩和のために国債などを買い入れてきた基金を日銀本体に統合する。そのうえで、日銀本体が国債を買う際には、お札の発行残高を上限にするというルールを一時凍結し、日銀本体でいくらでも国債を買えるようにする。
It is true that in some respects, the past rules left the impression that the BOJ is passive about monetary relaxation.
確かに過去の決まり事は「金融緩和に消極的な日銀」という印象を与えてきた面がある。
However, the measures that were in place played a significant role in showing the central bank's policy of preventing government bond prices from nosediving by removing any suspicion that it was trying to finance government budget deficits.
しかし、一連の措置は日銀が政府の財政赤字の尻ぬぐいをしていると疑われ、国債が暴落するような事態を招かないよう、中央銀行としての意思を示す役割があった。
This helped to prevent problems in everyday monetary control, which could consequently lead to wild fluctuations of long-term interest rates. Such a situation could easily arise if the BOJ makes excessive purchases of long-term government bonds.
日銀が長期国債を買いすぎることで、日々の金融調節に支障が出たり、結果的に長期金利が乱高下したりするのを避ける手立てでもあった。
We fear that the BOJ under Kuroda's leadership doesn't have any intention of coming up with new measures to prevent it from crossing the line.
黒田日銀に、これらに代わる歯止めを設ける姿勢が見られないのには、危惧を感じる。
The BOJ also has a responsibility to show how it will deal with difficulties that may arise in the future, such as rising interest rates.
金利が上昇する際の対応など、今後予想される困難な局面への基本姿勢もあらかじめ示しておく責任がある。
In the past, however, even when the monetary base increased, deflation continued. This is because capital needs do not grow in the private sector unless there are attractive investment destinations.
過去の経験では、マネタリーベースが増えてもデフレは解消しなかった。民間経済に有望な投資先がなければ、資金需要は増えないからだ。
Given such circumstances, excessive dependence on monetary easing alone could give rise to a distorted situation such as an asset price bubble and “bad inflation” caused by the weak yen that pushes up import prices.
そうしたなかで金融緩和ばかりに依存する経済運営では、円安に伴う輸入物価の上昇だけがもたらされる「悪いインフレ」や不動産バブルなど、いびつな現象が広がりかねない。
The government has an important role to play by implementing drastic regulatory reform to improve the real economy. Wage increases and expanded employment will help achieve this goal.
賃金の上昇や雇用の拡大を通じた実体経済の改善に向けて、思い切った規制改革をするなど政府の役割は大きい。
As for Kuroda, he needs to prod the government and the private sector to make all-out efforts to secure fiscal discipline and forge ahead with reforms. Only then will the central bank's bold monetary-easing policy become the effective tool that it is intended to be.
黒田総裁は大胆な緩和の効果がきちんと引き出されるよう、財政規律の確保や改革への努力を、政府や民間に促す責任も果たしてほしい。
EDITORIAL: BOJ needs self-control in implementing bold easy money policy
新たな緩和策―歯止めを壊すだけでは
The Bank of Japan under new Governor Haruhiko Kuroda on April 4 decided on a new monetary-easing policy as part of efforts to "do everything possible" to achieve a 2-percent annual inflation target in two years.
日本銀行が、年２％のインフレを２年で達成するために「やれることは何でもやる」という黒田東彦新総裁のもと、新たな金融緩和を決めた。
The BOJ has changed its policy indicator from an uncollateralized overnight call money rate to a monetary base, or the total amount of cash in circulation and commercial banks' reserves with the BOJ.
The central bank said "it will enter a new phase of monetary easing both in terms of quantity and quality."
「量・質ともに次元の違う金融緩和」を掲げ、政策の指標を金利水準ではなく、市中に出回る現金と銀行の日銀への預金を合わせた金額（マネタリーベース）に変えた。
By buying larger quantities of government bonds and other commodities, it plans to bolster the monetary base by 60 trillion yen to 70 trillion yen a year. By the end of 2014, the amount is expected to reach 270 trillion yen, nearly double the balance at the end of last year.
国債などを大量に買うことでマネタリーベースを年間６０兆〜７０兆円増やす。１４年末には２７０兆円と、昨年末のほぼ倍になる見込みである。
To achieve that goal, the BOJ removed some long-standing rules.
問題は、その実現のために、これまで日銀が設けてきた決まりを一挙に取り払ったことだ。
For example, long-term government bonds that it could buy were limited to those that would mature in three years or less. But that restriction has been lifted.
たとえば、買い入れる長期国債は満期まで３年以内のものに限るとしてきたが、その制限を撤廃する。
Moreover, the asset purchase program for monetary easing purposes will be absorbed into its bond purchases for ordinary monetary control operations. In addition, the BOJ decided to temporarily suspend the "banknote principle," a rule that sets the upper limit on the outstanding amount of government bonds it holds to the outstanding balance of banknotes issued.
As a result, the BOJ can now purchase an unlimited amount of government bonds.
さらに、金融緩和のために国債などを買い入れてきた基金を日銀本体に統合する。そのうえで、日銀本体が国債を買う際には、お札の発行残高を上限にするというルールを一時凍結し、日銀本体でいくらでも国債を買えるようにする。
It is true that in some respects, the past rules left the impression that the BOJ is passive about monetary relaxation.
確かに過去の決まり事は「金融緩和に消極的な日銀」という印象を与えてきた面がある。
However, the measures that were in place played a significant role in showing the central bank's policy of preventing government bond prices from nosediving by removing any suspicion that it was trying to finance government budget deficits.
しかし、一連の措置は日銀が政府の財政赤字の尻ぬぐいをしていると疑われ、国債が暴落するような事態を招かないよう、中央銀行としての意思を示す役割があった。
This helped to prevent problems in everyday monetary control, which could consequently lead to wild fluctuations of long-term interest rates. Such a situation could easily arise if the BOJ makes excessive purchases of long-term government bonds.
日銀が長期国債を買いすぎることで、日々の金融調節に支障が出たり、結果的に長期金利が乱高下したりするのを避ける手立てでもあった。
We fear that the BOJ under Kuroda's leadership doesn't have any intention of coming up with new measures to prevent it from crossing the line.
黒田日銀に、これらに代わる歯止めを設ける姿勢が見られないのには、危惧を感じる。
The BOJ also has a responsibility to show how it will deal with difficulties that may arise in the future, such as rising interest rates.
金利が上昇する際の対応など、今後予想される困難な局面への基本姿勢もあらかじめ示しておく責任がある。
In the past, however, even when the monetary base increased, deflation continued. This is because capital needs do not grow in the private sector unless there are attractive investment destinations.
過去の経験では、マネタリーベースが増えてもデフレは解消しなかった。民間経済に有望な投資先がなければ、資金需要は増えないからだ。
Given such circumstances, excessive dependence on monetary easing alone could give rise to a distorted situation such as an asset price bubble and “bad inflation” caused by the weak yen that pushes up import prices.
そうしたなかで金融緩和ばかりに依存する経済運営では、円安に伴う輸入物価の上昇だけがもたらされる「悪いインフレ」や不動産バブルなど、いびつな現象が広がりかねない。
The government has an important role to play by implementing drastic regulatory reform to improve the real economy. Wage increases and expanded employment will help achieve this goal.
賃金の上昇や雇用の拡大を通じた実体経済の改善に向けて、思い切った規制改革をするなど政府の役割は大きい。
As for Kuroda, he needs to prod the government and the private sector to make all-out efforts to secure fiscal discipline and forge ahead with reforms. Only then will the central bank's bold monetary-easing policy become the effective tool that it is intended to be.
黒田総裁は大胆な緩和の効果がきちんと引き出されるよう、財政規律の確保や改革への努力を、政府や民間に促す責任も果たしてほしい。
2013年04月06日
人間の潜在意識を探る 快眠の森、快眠解析アプリ
快眠の森 という不思議な名前の快眠解析アプリ 試用体験記ブログを読んでみました。
偶然発見した、全部で五つの記事を拝読いたしましたが、私が気になったのは次の記事（ブログ）です。
一期一会 いろんな出会いを大切に
http://ameblo.jp/chiaki5902/entry-11494028043.html
そこには、睡眠（快眠）の大切さや、快眠を得るための方法論が細かく記されていたからです。寝る直前のストレッチとかの運動が良いらしいですね。
一期一会（いちごいちえ）というブログタイトルに惹かれたのかも知れませんね。
快眠の森は、遊び心あふれた現代の大人のおもちゃ的存在です。
寝言を自動的に録音してくれるそうで、朝、それを文字で確認できます。
夢で寝言をしゃべるのは、人間の基本的欲求（基本的人権＾＾）だと思います。
寝言を解析して、その日の自分の精神状態をつかむ手がかりとなります。
これなら、素敵な一日が遅れそうな予感がしますよね。
DLはこちら からできます。
レビューブログからの情報です
海洋基本計画 資源開発へ産官学の連携図れ
[The Yomiuri Shimbun] April 5, 2013
Industry, govt, academia cooperation needed on resource development
海洋基本計画 資源開発へ産官学の連携図れ（4月4日付・読売社説）
The development of marine energy resources in the seas around Japan needs to be accelerated through cooperation between the industry, government and academic sectors to secure a stable energy supply for the nation's future.
日本近海に眠る海洋資源の開発を産官学の連携によって加速し、将来の安定的なエネルギー確保につなげたい。
The government has unveiled a draft of its "basic maritime plan," which will serve as the nation's marine policy for the next five years.
政府が、今後５年間の海洋政策の基本方針となる「海洋基本計画」の原案を公表した。
The Cabinet under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is expected to decide on the policy within the month, making the development of Japan's marine resources a pillar of its growth strategies by considering it "an innovation to bring about new potential."
今月中に閣議決定し、海洋資源開発を「新たな可能性をもたらすイノベーション（技術革新）」と位置付けて成長戦略の柱とする。
With the aim of commercializing resources such as rare earths and methane hydrate, known as "burnable ice," which contains methane gas, the draft lays out the government's plan to improve the system to develop these resources together with the private sector.
原案は、天然ガスの主成分メタンを含んで「燃える氷」と言われるメタンハイドレートや、レアアース（希土類）などの商業化を目指し、「官民を挙げた開発体制の整備に取り組む」と明記した。
It is entirely appropriate for Japan, which lacks abundant domestic natural resources on land, to make genuine efforts to develop its marine resources.
資源に乏しく、石油などを輸入に頼る日本が海洋資源開発に本腰を入れるのは、妥当である。
Securing an advantage
To this end, the government succeeded last month in its experimental extraction of methane hydrate from the seabed off the coast of Aichi and Mie prefectures.
政府は３月中旬、愛知・三重県沖でメタンハイドレートの試験採取に成功した。
The seas near Japan are thought to hold enough methane hydrate to supply it with natural gas for 100 years at current domestic consumption levels.
日本周辺には、国内の天然ガス消費量の約１００年分が埋蔵されているという。
Almost all of the nation's nuclear power plants have stopped operating, pushing up the cost of electricity generation.
日本では、ほとんどの原子力発電所が運転を停止し、電力コストが増大している。
Securing a new domestic energy source would give the nation an advantage when negotiating the price of liquefied natural gas, which continues to hover at high levels, and that of shale gas, which is expected to be imported from North America and elsewhere.
新たな国産エネルギーを確保できれば、高値が続く液化天然ガス（ＬＮＧ）や、北米などからの輸入が期待されるシェールガスなどの価格交渉でも有利に働こう。
Yet these marine resources lie under the deep seafloor, and little is known about their topographical distribution. It is therefore vital to develop technologies to probe for and extract these valuable resources in a stable and economically feasible manner.
ただし、資源が埋まっているのは、深い海底である。その分布さえ正確に把握できていない。安定的かつ経済的に資源を探査・回収する技術の開発が急務だ。
With regard to methane hydrate, the draft sets the goal of "enhancing the relevant technologies so as to commercialize methane hydrate by fiscal 2018."
メタンハイドレートについて、原案は「２０１８年度を目途(めど)に商業化の実現に向けた技術の整備を行う」との目標を掲げている。
It is thus seen as vital to make use of the private sector's technology and knowledge.
それには、民間の技術や知見の活用が重要だ。
It will probably take a very long time for the resources to be developed on a commercial basis, and the development costs are likely to be sizable. Close cooperation between industry, government and academia is crucial.
実際の商業化までには長い時間がかかり、開発コストも巨額に上るだろう。産官学の緊密な連携が欠かせない。
Having attached great importance to the development of their own marine resources, China and South Korea are also making efforts through public-private sector cooperation. The further escalation of international rivalry in this field is inevitable.
中国や韓国も海洋資源開発を重視し、官民一体で取り組んでいる。国際競争が一層激化することは不可避である。
Legal infrastructure needed
The draft has pointed out that to implement all relevant measures, it is necessary to create laws to support Japan's resource development activities within its exclusive economic zone.
原案は、諸施策を具体化するには、排他的経済水域（ＥＥＺ）内での開発活動の裏付けとなる法整備が必要だと指摘した。
The development of legal foundations for dealing with various issues related to marine resource development, such as the coordination of issues related to fishing rights, are also called for in the draft.
漁業権との調整など、海洋開発に特有の様々な事項について法的基盤をつくることを目指す。
Japan is the sixth-largest country in the world in terms of the total area of its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone. For Japan to demonstrate to other countries its basic stance on marine resource development, legislative improvements are needed.
日本の領海とＥＥＺの合計面積は世界６位と広大だ。資源開発に関する基本姿勢を対外的に示すためにも法整備を進めるべきだ。
In light of China's claim to the Senkaku Islands, demonstrated by the repeated incursions of its vessels in waters near them, the draft also lists measures to protect Japan's territorial land and waters.
沖縄県の尖閣諸島周辺で続く中国の示威行動などを念頭に、領土・領海を守る施策も列挙されている。
An upgrade to the current arrangements of the Japan Coast Guard and the Self-Defense Forces is urgently needed to reflect these changing realities.
海上保安庁や自衛隊の体制拡充を急がねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 4, 2013)
(2013年4月4日01時25分 読売新聞）
Industry, govt, academia cooperation needed on resource development
海洋基本計画 資源開発へ産官学の連携図れ（4月4日付・読売社説）
The development of marine energy resources in the seas around Japan needs to be accelerated through cooperation between the industry, government and academic sectors to secure a stable energy supply for the nation's future.
日本近海に眠る海洋資源の開発を産官学の連携によって加速し、将来の安定的なエネルギー確保につなげたい。
The government has unveiled a draft of its "basic maritime plan," which will serve as the nation's marine policy for the next five years.
政府が、今後５年間の海洋政策の基本方針となる「海洋基本計画」の原案を公表した。
The Cabinet under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is expected to decide on the policy within the month, making the development of Japan's marine resources a pillar of its growth strategies by considering it "an innovation to bring about new potential."
今月中に閣議決定し、海洋資源開発を「新たな可能性をもたらすイノベーション（技術革新）」と位置付けて成長戦略の柱とする。
With the aim of commercializing resources such as rare earths and methane hydrate, known as "burnable ice," which contains methane gas, the draft lays out the government's plan to improve the system to develop these resources together with the private sector.
原案は、天然ガスの主成分メタンを含んで「燃える氷」と言われるメタンハイドレートや、レアアース（希土類）などの商業化を目指し、「官民を挙げた開発体制の整備に取り組む」と明記した。
It is entirely appropriate for Japan, which lacks abundant domestic natural resources on land, to make genuine efforts to develop its marine resources.
資源に乏しく、石油などを輸入に頼る日本が海洋資源開発に本腰を入れるのは、妥当である。
Securing an advantage
To this end, the government succeeded last month in its experimental extraction of methane hydrate from the seabed off the coast of Aichi and Mie prefectures.
政府は３月中旬、愛知・三重県沖でメタンハイドレートの試験採取に成功した。
The seas near Japan are thought to hold enough methane hydrate to supply it with natural gas for 100 years at current domestic consumption levels.
日本周辺には、国内の天然ガス消費量の約１００年分が埋蔵されているという。
Almost all of the nation's nuclear power plants have stopped operating, pushing up the cost of electricity generation.
日本では、ほとんどの原子力発電所が運転を停止し、電力コストが増大している。
Securing a new domestic energy source would give the nation an advantage when negotiating the price of liquefied natural gas, which continues to hover at high levels, and that of shale gas, which is expected to be imported from North America and elsewhere.
新たな国産エネルギーを確保できれば、高値が続く液化天然ガス（ＬＮＧ）や、北米などからの輸入が期待されるシェールガスなどの価格交渉でも有利に働こう。
Yet these marine resources lie under the deep seafloor, and little is known about their topographical distribution. It is therefore vital to develop technologies to probe for and extract these valuable resources in a stable and economically feasible manner.
ただし、資源が埋まっているのは、深い海底である。その分布さえ正確に把握できていない。安定的かつ経済的に資源を探査・回収する技術の開発が急務だ。
With regard to methane hydrate, the draft sets the goal of "enhancing the relevant technologies so as to commercialize methane hydrate by fiscal 2018."
メタンハイドレートについて、原案は「２０１８年度を目途(めど)に商業化の実現に向けた技術の整備を行う」との目標を掲げている。
It is thus seen as vital to make use of the private sector's technology and knowledge.
それには、民間の技術や知見の活用が重要だ。
It will probably take a very long time for the resources to be developed on a commercial basis, and the development costs are likely to be sizable. Close cooperation between industry, government and academia is crucial.
実際の商業化までには長い時間がかかり、開発コストも巨額に上るだろう。産官学の緊密な連携が欠かせない。
Having attached great importance to the development of their own marine resources, China and South Korea are also making efforts through public-private sector cooperation. The further escalation of international rivalry in this field is inevitable.
中国や韓国も海洋資源開発を重視し、官民一体で取り組んでいる。国際競争が一層激化することは不可避である。
Legal infrastructure needed
The draft has pointed out that to implement all relevant measures, it is necessary to create laws to support Japan's resource development activities within its exclusive economic zone.
原案は、諸施策を具体化するには、排他的経済水域（ＥＥＺ）内での開発活動の裏付けとなる法整備が必要だと指摘した。
The development of legal foundations for dealing with various issues related to marine resource development, such as the coordination of issues related to fishing rights, are also called for in the draft.
漁業権との調整など、海洋開発に特有の様々な事項について法的基盤をつくることを目指す。
Japan is the sixth-largest country in the world in terms of the total area of its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone. For Japan to demonstrate to other countries its basic stance on marine resource development, legislative improvements are needed.
日本の領海とＥＥＺの合計面積は世界６位と広大だ。資源開発に関する基本姿勢を対外的に示すためにも法整備を進めるべきだ。
In light of China's claim to the Senkaku Islands, demonstrated by the repeated incursions of its vessels in waters near them, the draft also lists measures to protect Japan's territorial land and waters.
沖縄県の尖閣諸島周辺で続く中国の示威行動などを念頭に、領土・領海を守る施策も列挙されている。
An upgrade to the current arrangements of the Japan Coast Guard and the Self-Defense Forces is urgently needed to reflect these changing realities.
海上保安庁や自衛隊の体制拡充を急がねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 4, 2013)
(2013年4月4日01時25分 読売新聞）
2013年04月05日
近隣諸国条項―成熟した国の姿を示す
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 2
EDITORIAL: Textbook screening provision is testament to Japan’s maturity
近隣諸国条項―成熟した国の姿を示す
How should sensitive issues concerning modern and contemporary history and territorial disputes be taught at school? This question is debated almost annually at this time of the year, when the results of the education ministry’s screening of school textbooks are announced.
近現代史や領土の問題をどう教えるべきか。教科書検定の結果が公表されるこの季節、毎年のように議論がくり返される。
The question is particularly relevant this year because it was the first textbook screening since the Liberal Democratic Party returned to power. During its campaign for the December Lower House election, the LDP promised to review a provision requiring the government to pay consideration to Japan’s past relations with neighboring countries when screening school textbooks.
とりわけ今回は、自民党が総選挙で「近隣諸国条項の見直し」を掲げて政権についてから初めて出される検定だった。この機会に改めて考えたい。
The stipulation is part of the screening standards. It calls for “necessary consideration from the viewpoint of international understanding and cooperation” in dealing with topics concerning Japan’s relations with its Asian neighbors in modern and contemporary history.
この条項は検定基準の一項目であり、アジア諸国との近現代史の扱いに「国際理解と国際協調の見地から必要な配慮」をすると定めている。
Critics argue that this regulation makes it easier for foreign countries to interfere with the content of Japanese school textbooks and helps create textbooks with “self-deprecating and biased” content.
これが外国からの教科書への口出しをしやすくし、教科書を「自虐的で偏向した」内容にしているとの批判がある。
Indeed, we inevitably feel uncomfortable when our own school textbooks are criticized by other countries.
たしかに教科書の書きぶりを他国からあれこれ言われるのは気持ちのよいものではない。
But there is no denying the importance of teaching children both light and dark sides of history and thereby helping them develop respect for other countries, not just in Asia but all over the world.
しかし、そもそも子どもたちに歴史の光と影の両面を教え、アジアに限らず世界の国々を尊重する態度を養うことが大切なのは当然である。
Rather than as part of the screening standards, the stipulation in question has been serving as a declaration of our country’s commitment to seeking international cooperation and teaching history in an objective manner without lapsing into self-righteousness.
わが国は国際協調を重んじ、独善に陥ることなく、客観的に歴史を教える。この条項は実際の検定基準としてより、内外にその姿勢を示す宣言として働いてきた。
This stipulation reflects Japan’s soul-searching about its militarist education before and during World War II. Abolishing this proviso would send neighboring countries the message that we will stop considering their feelings.
もちろん、そこには戦前の教育への反省が込められている。
条項を削れば、近隣諸国にわざわざ「配慮をやめる」とメッセージを送る意味を帯びる。
In addition, it is hard to claim that Japanese school textbooks are written in a way dictated by other countries because of this stipulation.
また、条項があるゆえに日本の教科書が外国の言いなりに書かれているとは言いがたい。
This year, for instance, a passage saying that the Senkaku Islands, the source of a bitter territorial dispute between Japan and China, belong to Okinawa Prefecture was added to descriptions in a textbook after the education ministry urged the publisher to make it clear that the islands are Japanese territory.
たとえば、今回は尖閣諸島が日本の領土とわかるようにとの意見がつき、「沖縄県に所属する」と加筆された例がある。
In recent years, both China and South Korea have repeatedly protested descriptions concerning territorial issues in Japanese textbooks. But the education ministry has not sought changes in the criticized descriptions in response to their protests.
領土の記述には近年、中韓から抗議が繰り返されているが、文部科学省はそれを受けて書きかえを指示してはいない。
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology says that, to the best of its knowledge, the last time it issued a screening instruction based on the provision was in fiscal 1991, and there has since not been a single case to this day.
文科省によると、条項に基づいて検定意見がついたのは確認できるかぎり９１年度が最後で、今回もなかった。
The stipulation was established more than three decades ago after China filed a protest against a reported revision to textbook descriptions concerning Japan’s war with China during the screening in fiscal 1981.
At that time, many Japanese media, including The Asahi Shimbun, reported that Japan’s “invasion of north China” had been changed to Japan’s “advance to north China.”
この条項は８１年度検定で「華北を侵略」が「華北に進出」に書きかえられたと朝日新聞を含む多くのメディアが報じ、中国などから抗議を受けてできた。
Behind the argument for reviewing the provision are the views that there was actually no such change and that the rule was born out of a misunderstanding of fact.
実際は書きかえはなく、事実誤認から生まれた条項だという見方が見直し論の背景にはある。
News media should regret their false reports. But the ministry has acknowledged that there were actually cases in which the word “invasion” in textbook descriptions of Japan’s wartime acts was changed to “inroads” or “advance” as a result of screening in that and other years.
誤報は反省しなければならない。ただ、「侵略」を「侵入」「進出」などに変えた事例はこの年や過去の検定で他にあったと文科省は説明している。
It would be unfair to say the decision to establish the provision was based on a mistaken judgment.
条項を作った当時の判断までが誤りだったとはいえない。
If misguided protests are made over Japanese textbooks, the government can simply dismiss them by providing detailed explanations based on accepted academic theories.
的外れな抗議があったときはきちんと学説をふまえて説明すればよい。
If Japan acts as a calm and mature nation, Japanese children will grow to be proud of their country in due course.
冷静で成熟した国の姿を示せば、子どもたちの誇りはおのずと育まれる。
EDITORIAL: Textbook screening provision is testament to Japan’s maturity
近隣諸国条項―成熟した国の姿を示す
How should sensitive issues concerning modern and contemporary history and territorial disputes be taught at school? This question is debated almost annually at this time of the year, when the results of the education ministry’s screening of school textbooks are announced.
近現代史や領土の問題をどう教えるべきか。教科書検定の結果が公表されるこの季節、毎年のように議論がくり返される。
The question is particularly relevant this year because it was the first textbook screening since the Liberal Democratic Party returned to power. During its campaign for the December Lower House election, the LDP promised to review a provision requiring the government to pay consideration to Japan’s past relations with neighboring countries when screening school textbooks.
とりわけ今回は、自民党が総選挙で「近隣諸国条項の見直し」を掲げて政権についてから初めて出される検定だった。この機会に改めて考えたい。
The stipulation is part of the screening standards. It calls for “necessary consideration from the viewpoint of international understanding and cooperation” in dealing with topics concerning Japan’s relations with its Asian neighbors in modern and contemporary history.
この条項は検定基準の一項目であり、アジア諸国との近現代史の扱いに「国際理解と国際協調の見地から必要な配慮」をすると定めている。
Critics argue that this regulation makes it easier for foreign countries to interfere with the content of Japanese school textbooks and helps create textbooks with “self-deprecating and biased” content.
これが外国からの教科書への口出しをしやすくし、教科書を「自虐的で偏向した」内容にしているとの批判がある。
Indeed, we inevitably feel uncomfortable when our own school textbooks are criticized by other countries.
たしかに教科書の書きぶりを他国からあれこれ言われるのは気持ちのよいものではない。
But there is no denying the importance of teaching children both light and dark sides of history and thereby helping them develop respect for other countries, not just in Asia but all over the world.
しかし、そもそも子どもたちに歴史の光と影の両面を教え、アジアに限らず世界の国々を尊重する態度を養うことが大切なのは当然である。
Rather than as part of the screening standards, the stipulation in question has been serving as a declaration of our country’s commitment to seeking international cooperation and teaching history in an objective manner without lapsing into self-righteousness.
わが国は国際協調を重んじ、独善に陥ることなく、客観的に歴史を教える。この条項は実際の検定基準としてより、内外にその姿勢を示す宣言として働いてきた。
This stipulation reflects Japan’s soul-searching about its militarist education before and during World War II. Abolishing this proviso would send neighboring countries the message that we will stop considering their feelings.
もちろん、そこには戦前の教育への反省が込められている。
条項を削れば、近隣諸国にわざわざ「配慮をやめる」とメッセージを送る意味を帯びる。
In addition, it is hard to claim that Japanese school textbooks are written in a way dictated by other countries because of this stipulation.
また、条項があるゆえに日本の教科書が外国の言いなりに書かれているとは言いがたい。
This year, for instance, a passage saying that the Senkaku Islands, the source of a bitter territorial dispute between Japan and China, belong to Okinawa Prefecture was added to descriptions in a textbook after the education ministry urged the publisher to make it clear that the islands are Japanese territory.
たとえば、今回は尖閣諸島が日本の領土とわかるようにとの意見がつき、「沖縄県に所属する」と加筆された例がある。
In recent years, both China and South Korea have repeatedly protested descriptions concerning territorial issues in Japanese textbooks. But the education ministry has not sought changes in the criticized descriptions in response to their protests.
領土の記述には近年、中韓から抗議が繰り返されているが、文部科学省はそれを受けて書きかえを指示してはいない。
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology says that, to the best of its knowledge, the last time it issued a screening instruction based on the provision was in fiscal 1991, and there has since not been a single case to this day.
文科省によると、条項に基づいて検定意見がついたのは確認できるかぎり９１年度が最後で、今回もなかった。
The stipulation was established more than three decades ago after China filed a protest against a reported revision to textbook descriptions concerning Japan’s war with China during the screening in fiscal 1981.
At that time, many Japanese media, including The Asahi Shimbun, reported that Japan’s “invasion of north China” had been changed to Japan’s “advance to north China.”
この条項は８１年度検定で「華北を侵略」が「華北に進出」に書きかえられたと朝日新聞を含む多くのメディアが報じ、中国などから抗議を受けてできた。
Behind the argument for reviewing the provision are the views that there was actually no such change and that the rule was born out of a misunderstanding of fact.
実際は書きかえはなく、事実誤認から生まれた条項だという見方が見直し論の背景にはある。
News media should regret their false reports. But the ministry has acknowledged that there were actually cases in which the word “invasion” in textbook descriptions of Japan’s wartime acts was changed to “inroads” or “advance” as a result of screening in that and other years.
誤報は反省しなければならない。ただ、「侵略」を「侵入」「進出」などに変えた事例はこの年や過去の検定で他にあったと文科省は説明している。
It would be unfair to say the decision to establish the provision was based on a mistaken judgment.
条項を作った当時の判断までが誤りだったとはいえない。
If misguided protests are made over Japanese textbooks, the government can simply dismiss them by providing detailed explanations based on accepted academic theories.
的外れな抗議があったときはきちんと学説をふまえて説明すればよい。
If Japan acts as a calm and mature nation, Japanese children will grow to be proud of their country in due course.
冷静で成熟した国の姿を示せば、子どもたちの誇りはおのずと育まれる。
2013年04月04日
北朝鮮威嚇外交 「核攻撃」予告は度が過ぎる
[The Yomiuri Shimbun] April 3, 2013
Editorial / North Korea will gain nothing from its nuclear intimidation
北朝鮮威嚇外交 「核攻撃」予告は度が過ぎる（4月2日付・読売社説）
North Korea's decision to boost its nuclear capability is a blatant provocation made in defiance of a U.N. Security Council resolution, which prohibits Pyongyang from conducting further nuclear tests or ballistic missile launches.
核戦力の強化方針は、核実験や弾道ミサイル発射のさらなる実施を禁じた国連安全保障理事会決議への露骨な挑発だ。
The international community needs to answer this provocation by strengthening sanctions against North Korea.
国際社会は、北朝鮮への制裁を一層徹底するなど、対応を強める必要がある。
At a general meeting of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, the party's first secretary, Kim Jong Un, unveiled a new strategic policy aimed at boosting its nuclear capability both in quality and quantity, along with economic reconstruction. He also indicated Pyongyang would continue test-firing de facto long-range ballistic missiles.
北朝鮮の朝鮮労働党中央委員会総会で、金正恩第１書記が、経済建設と並行して、核戦力を「質も量も拡大、強化する」という新たな戦略的路線を打ち出した。事実上の長距離弾道ミサイルの発射を続ける方針も示した。
The decision to strengthen both its economy and its nuclear arsenal was approved by the Supreme People's Assembly on Monday.
経済建設と核戦力強化の“二兎(にと)を追う”路線は、１日に開かれた最高人民会議で追認された。
China loses face
Kim's decision made China lose face. China, a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, supported the U.N. resolution imposing sanctions on Pyongyang.
常任理事国として対北朝鮮制裁決議に賛成した中国のメンツは、金第１書記につぶされた形だ。
China is North Korea's largest trading partner and aid donor. It also is a major supplier of energy.
中国は、北朝鮮にとって最大の貿易相手国かつ援助国だ。エネルギーの供給元でもある。
The administration of Chinese President Xi Jinping is duty-bound to implement the sanctions resolution and apply pressure on North Korea by all available means. This would mean strengthening restrictions and monitoring the flow of money, goods and people, as well as halting the supply of crude oil and other steps.
習近平政権は、制裁決議を確実に履行し、カネ、モノ、ヒトの移動の制限・監視を強化するのは無論、原油供給の停止など、あらゆる手段で圧力をかけるべきだ。
There also is concern that North Korea's rhetoric and actions aimed at intimidating the international community have become excessive, going far beyond conventional norms.
国際社会を威嚇する北朝鮮の言動が、従来の次元を超えて過激になっている点も懸念される。
North Korea has torn up the armistice that halted the Korean War, and the country's supreme military command has said it will put its armed forces on the highest level of alert to ensure they are combat ready. The nation therefore has placed itself on a war footing, with Kim himself touring the front lines.
朝鮮戦争の休戦協定の「白紙化」や、軍最高司令部による最高度の戦闘勤務態勢発令など、戦争前夜のような雰囲気を醸成し、金第１書記自らが前線を回っている。
Boasting of its nuclear weapons, Pyongyang even mentioned making preemptive nuclear strikes not only on South Korea but also on the U.S. mainland and Japan. By playing around with its nuclear arsenal, Pyongyang is acting extremely dangerously.
核兵器保有を誇示し、韓国ばかりか米国本土、さらには日本への核先制攻撃にまで言及した。核を弄ぶ態度は危険極まりない。
The United States' unusual announcement on the participation of B-52 strategic bombers and its most advanced B-2 stealth bombers in joint military exercises with South Korea was meant to rein in North Korea.
米国が異例にも、米韓合同軍事演習に米軍の戦略爆撃機Ｂ５２と最新鋭ステルス爆撃機Ｂ２を参加させたことを公表したのは、北朝鮮を抑止するのが狙いだ。
Japan and other nations concerned must keep a close eye on North Korea's behavior and make preparations to deal with any contingency.
日本はじめ関係国は、北朝鮮の行動を注視し、不測の事態への備えに万全を期さねばならない。
Kim solidifying power
Behind North Korea's moves is Kim's apparent desire to solidify his power base as it has been a year since he was formally named successor to his late father, Kim Jong Il.
こうした北朝鮮の動きの背景には、父の金正日総書記の死後、後継者に正式に推挙されて１年たった金第１書記が、権力基盤を固めようとしていることがあろう。
Only 30 years old, the inexperienced North Korean leader has trumpeted the nation's most recent nuclear test and missile launch as proud achievements. Little progress has been seen in reconstructing the country's failed economy. He probably has no choice but to strengthen his influence and authority as the top leader by pursuing a military-first policy through such means as further nuclear armament.
まだ３０歳の経験不足の指導者は、核実験とミサイル発射を業績として喧伝(けんでん)している。破綻した経済の再建が少しも進まない。核武装の推進など、軍事最優先の「先軍政治」で求心力と権威を高めるしかないのだろう。
As a result, sanctions against North Korea have been strengthened, further isolating the country in the international community. Its efforts to diversify trade and invite investment are hardly likely to meet with success.
その結果、制裁は強化され、国際社会で北朝鮮の孤立は深まるばかりだ。貿易多角化や投資呼び込みにも強いブレーキがかかる。
Kim should be keenly aware that the pursuits of nuclear armament and economic reconstruction are incompatible.
核武装化と経済立て直しの両立はあり得ないことを、金第１書記は厳しく認識すべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 2, 2013)
（2013年4月2日01時21分 読売新聞）
Editorial / North Korea will gain nothing from its nuclear intimidation
北朝鮮威嚇外交 「核攻撃」予告は度が過ぎる（4月2日付・読売社説）
North Korea's decision to boost its nuclear capability is a blatant provocation made in defiance of a U.N. Security Council resolution, which prohibits Pyongyang from conducting further nuclear tests or ballistic missile launches.
核戦力の強化方針は、核実験や弾道ミサイル発射のさらなる実施を禁じた国連安全保障理事会決議への露骨な挑発だ。
The international community needs to answer this provocation by strengthening sanctions against North Korea.
国際社会は、北朝鮮への制裁を一層徹底するなど、対応を強める必要がある。
At a general meeting of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, the party's first secretary, Kim Jong Un, unveiled a new strategic policy aimed at boosting its nuclear capability both in quality and quantity, along with economic reconstruction. He also indicated Pyongyang would continue test-firing de facto long-range ballistic missiles.
北朝鮮の朝鮮労働党中央委員会総会で、金正恩第１書記が、経済建設と並行して、核戦力を「質も量も拡大、強化する」という新たな戦略的路線を打ち出した。事実上の長距離弾道ミサイルの発射を続ける方針も示した。
The decision to strengthen both its economy and its nuclear arsenal was approved by the Supreme People's Assembly on Monday.
経済建設と核戦力強化の“二兎(にと)を追う”路線は、１日に開かれた最高人民会議で追認された。
China loses face
Kim's decision made China lose face. China, a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, supported the U.N. resolution imposing sanctions on Pyongyang.
常任理事国として対北朝鮮制裁決議に賛成した中国のメンツは、金第１書記につぶされた形だ。
China is North Korea's largest trading partner and aid donor. It also is a major supplier of energy.
中国は、北朝鮮にとって最大の貿易相手国かつ援助国だ。エネルギーの供給元でもある。
The administration of Chinese President Xi Jinping is duty-bound to implement the sanctions resolution and apply pressure on North Korea by all available means. This would mean strengthening restrictions and monitoring the flow of money, goods and people, as well as halting the supply of crude oil and other steps.
習近平政権は、制裁決議を確実に履行し、カネ、モノ、ヒトの移動の制限・監視を強化するのは無論、原油供給の停止など、あらゆる手段で圧力をかけるべきだ。
There also is concern that North Korea's rhetoric and actions aimed at intimidating the international community have become excessive, going far beyond conventional norms.
国際社会を威嚇する北朝鮮の言動が、従来の次元を超えて過激になっている点も懸念される。
North Korea has torn up the armistice that halted the Korean War, and the country's supreme military command has said it will put its armed forces on the highest level of alert to ensure they are combat ready. The nation therefore has placed itself on a war footing, with Kim himself touring the front lines.
朝鮮戦争の休戦協定の「白紙化」や、軍最高司令部による最高度の戦闘勤務態勢発令など、戦争前夜のような雰囲気を醸成し、金第１書記自らが前線を回っている。
Boasting of its nuclear weapons, Pyongyang even mentioned making preemptive nuclear strikes not only on South Korea but also on the U.S. mainland and Japan. By playing around with its nuclear arsenal, Pyongyang is acting extremely dangerously.
核兵器保有を誇示し、韓国ばかりか米国本土、さらには日本への核先制攻撃にまで言及した。核を弄ぶ態度は危険極まりない。
The United States' unusual announcement on the participation of B-52 strategic bombers and its most advanced B-2 stealth bombers in joint military exercises with South Korea was meant to rein in North Korea.
米国が異例にも、米韓合同軍事演習に米軍の戦略爆撃機Ｂ５２と最新鋭ステルス爆撃機Ｂ２を参加させたことを公表したのは、北朝鮮を抑止するのが狙いだ。
Japan and other nations concerned must keep a close eye on North Korea's behavior and make preparations to deal with any contingency.
日本はじめ関係国は、北朝鮮の行動を注視し、不測の事態への備えに万全を期さねばならない。
Kim solidifying power
Behind North Korea's moves is Kim's apparent desire to solidify his power base as it has been a year since he was formally named successor to his late father, Kim Jong Il.
こうした北朝鮮の動きの背景には、父の金正日総書記の死後、後継者に正式に推挙されて１年たった金第１書記が、権力基盤を固めようとしていることがあろう。
Only 30 years old, the inexperienced North Korean leader has trumpeted the nation's most recent nuclear test and missile launch as proud achievements. Little progress has been seen in reconstructing the country's failed economy. He probably has no choice but to strengthen his influence and authority as the top leader by pursuing a military-first policy through such means as further nuclear armament.
まだ３０歳の経験不足の指導者は、核実験とミサイル発射を業績として喧伝(けんでん)している。破綻した経済の再建が少しも進まない。核武装の推進など、軍事最優先の「先軍政治」で求心力と権威を高めるしかないのだろう。
As a result, sanctions against North Korea have been strengthened, further isolating the country in the international community. Its efforts to diversify trade and invite investment are hardly likely to meet with success.
その結果、制裁は強化され、国際社会で北朝鮮の孤立は深まるばかりだ。貿易多角化や投資呼び込みにも強いブレーキがかかる。
Kim should be keenly aware that the pursuits of nuclear armament and economic reconstruction are incompatible.
核武装化と経済立て直しの両立はあり得ないことを、金第１書記は厳しく認識すべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 2, 2013)
（2013年4月2日01時21分 読売新聞）
2013年04月03日
４・２８記念式典 「主権」の大切さ考える日に
[The Yomiuri Shimbun] April 2, 2013
A pertinent occasion to ponder the preciousness of 'sovereignty'
４・２８記念式典 「主権」の大切さ考える日に（4月1日付・読売社説）
◆沖縄の苦難も分かち合いたい◆
After Japan's defeat in the Showa War--a series of wars dating back to the 1931 Manchurian Incident that was followed by the Sino-Japanese War and World War II--the nation rejoined the international community as an independent state when the San Francisco Peace Treaty came into force on April 28, 1952.
昭和の戦争に敗れた日本が独立国として国際社会に復帰したのは、サンフランシスコ講和条約が発効した１９５２年４月２８日である。
On that day, this country was freed from the occupation by the Allied Powers that lasted about six years and eight months.
連合国による約６年８か月の占領から解放された。
In a Cabinet meeting in March, the government decided to sponsor the first-ever ceremony on the 28th of this month to commemorate Japan's regaining of its sovereignty and return to the international community.
政府は先の閣議で、主権回復と国際社会復帰を記念する式典を今月２８日に初めて主催することを決定した。
The ceremony, to be held at Kensei-kinenkan (Memorial Hall of Constitutional Politics) near the Diet Building, will be attended by representatives from a wide spectrum of fields, including Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. The Emperor and Empress also will be in attendance.
憲政記念館に天皇、皇后両陛下をお迎えし、安倍首相はじめ各界の代表者が出席する。
Looking back on history, we should regard this event as an opportunity to once again consider the significance of the existence of a sovereign state and living in peace.
歴史を振り返りつつ、主権国家と平和の持つ意味を改めて考える機会としたい。
Censorship wide-reaching
◆「言論の自由」にも制約◆
As stipulated in Article 1 of the peace treaty, the state of belligerency between Japan and the Allied Powers under international law was brought to an end that day.
講和条約第１条に明記されているように、日本と連合国の国際法上の戦争状態は、この日に終了した。
April 28, 1952, can therefore be regarded as the "day the war ended" in a true sense.
真の意味での「終戦の日」と位置付けることが出来よう。
Regarding Japan's postwar democratization processes, there is a strong tendency to consider that such democratic principles as "people's sovereignty" and "freedom of speech" became firmly established when the existing Constitution came into force on May 3, 1947.
戦後の民主化と言えば、４７年５月３日の新憲法施行と同時に「国民主権」や「言論の自由」が確立されたと考えられがちだ。
During the occupation by the U.S.-led General Headquarters of the Allied Powers, however, directives issued by GHQ were absolute imperatives.
しかし、占領期の米国主体の連合国軍総司令部（ＧＨＱ）の指令は絶対的なものだった。
Voices critical of the fact that the Constitution was written under the GHQ's initiative were rigorously muzzled.
憲法がＧＨＱ主導で制定されたことへの批判は封じられた。
Soon after the Constitution took effect, three members of the Cabinet of Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida, including Finance Minister Tanzan Ishibashi, were among public servants purged for failing to comply with GHQ directives.
施行直後も第１次吉田内閣の石橋湛山蔵相ら３閣僚がＧＨＱの意に沿わず、公職追放されている。
Censorship by GHQ was wide-reaching, from criticism against occupation policies to references to international situations. When a U.S. soldier was involved in a criminal incident, Japanese media had no option but to use such euphemisms as "large man" instead of identifying the soldier by name.
検閲の対象は、占領政策への批判から国際情勢への言及まで多岐にわたった。米兵が事件を起こしても「大男」などと婉曲(えんきょく)な表現で報道せざるを得なかった。
Photos taken just after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were shown to the public only after the Occupation ended.
原爆が投下された直後の広島、長崎の写真が国民に開示されたのは、占領終了後だった。
The Memorial Ceremony for the War Dead sponsored by the government was first held on May 2, 1952, shortly after Japan regained independence.
政府主催の全国戦没者追悼式は独立回復直後の５２年５月２日になって初めて実施された。
Memories of the days when this country had been stripped of its sovereignty seem to be gradually fading from the minds of the Japanese people. It is crucial under the circumstances to ask again why this country lost its sovereignty and independence, in the context of Japan's history before the war.
主権を喪失していたあの時代の記憶は日本人の間で脳裏から次第に薄れてきている。
日本がなぜ、主権、独立を失ったのか、戦前の歴史も含めて問い直すことが大切なのである。
Disapproval in Okinawa
◆分離された沖縄の２０年◆
In Okinawa Prefecture, the upcoming commemoration ceremony has been met with a chorus of disapproval.
政府主催の記念式典に、沖縄では批判の声が上がっている。
This is primarily because the prefecture, along with the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture and the Ogasawara Islands, which are administered by Tokyo, was separated from the rest of Japan on April 28 61 years ago, and placed under the administration of U.S. forces. Tracts of land were seized and U.S. bases were built one after another.
６１年前の４月２８日、沖縄は奄美群島（鹿児島県）、小笠原諸島（東京都）と共に日本から分離され、米軍施政下に置かれたからだ。
土地の強制収用が進められ、米軍基地が次々と建設された。
While the movement to have Okinawa returned to the homeland grew rapidly in the 1960s, Okinawa residents even started calling April 28 "the day of humiliation."
６０年代に入って祖国復帰運動が急速に盛り上がる中で、沖縄の人々は４月２８日を「屈辱の日」とさえ呼ぶようになった。
The Amami Islands were handed back to Japan in 1953 and the Ogasawara Islands in 1968. But it was 1972--20 years after Japan recovered its independence--when the Okinawa Islands were returned to Japan.
奄美群島は５３年、小笠原諸島は６８年にそれぞれ返還された。沖縄が祖国復帰を果たすのは、日本の独立から２０年後の７２年だった。
A national assembly to commemorate the recovery of sovereignty was held by the Liberal Democratic Party and others at LDP headquarters on April 28 last year. Former Deputy Okinawa Gov. Noriaki Kakazu was invited as a guest. In his address, Kakazu referred to the turbulent history of Okinawa, which went from a bloody battlefield to an occupied territory, and called for Japan to become "a nation that shares both joy and sorrow together," and for April 28 to be "a day when the people make that resolution afresh."
昨年４月２８日、自民党などが党本部で開いた主権回復記念日国民集会には、沖縄県元副知事の嘉数昇明氏が来賓として招かれた。
嘉数氏は、戦場から被占領地になった沖縄の苦難の歴史を語り、「喜びも悲しみも共に分かち合う日本でありたい」「４・２８はその覚悟を新たにする日であってほしい」と訴えていた。
A pertinent occasion to ponder the preciousness of 'sovereignty'
４・２８記念式典 「主権」の大切さ考える日に（4月1日付・読売社説）
◆沖縄の苦難も分かち合いたい◆
After Japan's defeat in the Showa War--a series of wars dating back to the 1931 Manchurian Incident that was followed by the Sino-Japanese War and World War II--the nation rejoined the international community as an independent state when the San Francisco Peace Treaty came into force on April 28, 1952.
昭和の戦争に敗れた日本が独立国として国際社会に復帰したのは、サンフランシスコ講和条約が発効した１９５２年４月２８日である。
On that day, this country was freed from the occupation by the Allied Powers that lasted about six years and eight months.
連合国による約６年８か月の占領から解放された。
In a Cabinet meeting in March, the government decided to sponsor the first-ever ceremony on the 28th of this month to commemorate Japan's regaining of its sovereignty and return to the international community.
政府は先の閣議で、主権回復と国際社会復帰を記念する式典を今月２８日に初めて主催することを決定した。
The ceremony, to be held at Kensei-kinenkan (Memorial Hall of Constitutional Politics) near the Diet Building, will be attended by representatives from a wide spectrum of fields, including Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. The Emperor and Empress also will be in attendance.
憲政記念館に天皇、皇后両陛下をお迎えし、安倍首相はじめ各界の代表者が出席する。
Looking back on history, we should regard this event as an opportunity to once again consider the significance of the existence of a sovereign state and living in peace.
歴史を振り返りつつ、主権国家と平和の持つ意味を改めて考える機会としたい。
Censorship wide-reaching
◆「言論の自由」にも制約◆
As stipulated in Article 1 of the peace treaty, the state of belligerency between Japan and the Allied Powers under international law was brought to an end that day.
講和条約第１条に明記されているように、日本と連合国の国際法上の戦争状態は、この日に終了した。
April 28, 1952, can therefore be regarded as the "day the war ended" in a true sense.
真の意味での「終戦の日」と位置付けることが出来よう。
Regarding Japan's postwar democratization processes, there is a strong tendency to consider that such democratic principles as "people's sovereignty" and "freedom of speech" became firmly established when the existing Constitution came into force on May 3, 1947.
戦後の民主化と言えば、４７年５月３日の新憲法施行と同時に「国民主権」や「言論の自由」が確立されたと考えられがちだ。
During the occupation by the U.S.-led General Headquarters of the Allied Powers, however, directives issued by GHQ were absolute imperatives.
しかし、占領期の米国主体の連合国軍総司令部（ＧＨＱ）の指令は絶対的なものだった。
Voices critical of the fact that the Constitution was written under the GHQ's initiative were rigorously muzzled.
憲法がＧＨＱ主導で制定されたことへの批判は封じられた。
Soon after the Constitution took effect, three members of the Cabinet of Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida, including Finance Minister Tanzan Ishibashi, were among public servants purged for failing to comply with GHQ directives.
施行直後も第１次吉田内閣の石橋湛山蔵相ら３閣僚がＧＨＱの意に沿わず、公職追放されている。
Censorship by GHQ was wide-reaching, from criticism against occupation policies to references to international situations. When a U.S. soldier was involved in a criminal incident, Japanese media had no option but to use such euphemisms as "large man" instead of identifying the soldier by name.
検閲の対象は、占領政策への批判から国際情勢への言及まで多岐にわたった。米兵が事件を起こしても「大男」などと婉曲(えんきょく)な表現で報道せざるを得なかった。
Photos taken just after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were shown to the public only after the Occupation ended.
原爆が投下された直後の広島、長崎の写真が国民に開示されたのは、占領終了後だった。
The Memorial Ceremony for the War Dead sponsored by the government was first held on May 2, 1952, shortly after Japan regained independence.
政府主催の全国戦没者追悼式は独立回復直後の５２年５月２日になって初めて実施された。
Memories of the days when this country had been stripped of its sovereignty seem to be gradually fading from the minds of the Japanese people. It is crucial under the circumstances to ask again why this country lost its sovereignty and independence, in the context of Japan's history before the war.
主権を喪失していたあの時代の記憶は日本人の間で脳裏から次第に薄れてきている。
日本がなぜ、主権、独立を失ったのか、戦前の歴史も含めて問い直すことが大切なのである。
Disapproval in Okinawa
◆分離された沖縄の２０年◆
In Okinawa Prefecture, the upcoming commemoration ceremony has been met with a chorus of disapproval.
政府主催の記念式典に、沖縄では批判の声が上がっている。
This is primarily because the prefecture, along with the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture and the Ogasawara Islands, which are administered by Tokyo, was separated from the rest of Japan on April 28 61 years ago, and placed under the administration of U.S. forces. Tracts of land were seized and U.S. bases were built one after another.
６１年前の４月２８日、沖縄は奄美群島（鹿児島県）、小笠原諸島（東京都）と共に日本から分離され、米軍施政下に置かれたからだ。
土地の強制収用が進められ、米軍基地が次々と建設された。
While the movement to have Okinawa returned to the homeland grew rapidly in the 1960s, Okinawa residents even started calling April 28 "the day of humiliation."
６０年代に入って祖国復帰運動が急速に盛り上がる中で、沖縄の人々は４月２８日を「屈辱の日」とさえ呼ぶようになった。
The Amami Islands were handed back to Japan in 1953 and the Ogasawara Islands in 1968. But it was 1972--20 years after Japan recovered its independence--when the Okinawa Islands were returned to Japan.
奄美群島は５３年、小笠原諸島は６８年にそれぞれ返還された。沖縄が祖国復帰を果たすのは、日本の独立から２０年後の７２年だった。
A national assembly to commemorate the recovery of sovereignty was held by the Liberal Democratic Party and others at LDP headquarters on April 28 last year. Former Deputy Okinawa Gov. Noriaki Kakazu was invited as a guest. In his address, Kakazu referred to the turbulent history of Okinawa, which went from a bloody battlefield to an occupied territory, and called for Japan to become "a nation that shares both joy and sorrow together," and for April 28 to be "a day when the people make that resolution afresh."
昨年４月２８日、自民党などが党本部で開いた主権回復記念日国民集会には、沖縄県元副知事の嘉数昇明氏が来賓として招かれた。
嘉数氏は、戦場から被占領地になった沖縄の苦難の歴史を語り、「喜びも悲しみも共に分かち合う日本でありたい」「４・２８はその覚悟を新たにする日であってほしい」と訴えていた。