新規記事の投稿を行うことで、非表示にすることが可能です。
2014年09月03日
社説:防災の日 身を守る力を備えよう
September 01, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: National Disaster Prevention Day a reminder to be prepared
社説:防災の日 身を守る力を備えよう
Work is still under way to search for those missing after being hit by a series of mudslides in Hiroshima and to help the city recover from the disaster.
広島市の大規模土砂災害は、今も懸命の捜索・復旧活動が続く。
Numerous questions have been raised over the huge damage caused by the tragedy, such as why the lives of more than 70 people were lost, why the local authorities were slow to issue an evacuation advisory and why little progress had been made before the disaster in designating vulnerable areas as caution zones under the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas.
なぜ７０人を超える命が失われたのか。行政側の避難勧告の遅れや、土砂災害防止法に基づく警戒区域の指定が後手に回ったことなど、被害が拡大した要因が徐々に明らかになりつつある。
It is indispensable for both the national and local governments to assess their responses to the disaster in detail.
行政の対応のきめ細かな検証が今後、不可欠だ。
There are people who were killed by the disaster and those who survived even though they were in the same areas. It is also important to analyze the behavior of the disaster victims and survivors to ascertain the difference between life and death.
一方、同じ現場にいながら助かった人と犠牲になった人がいる。生死を分けた要因は何か。被災者の行動を分析することも重要だ。
Sept. 1 has been designated by the central government as National Disaster Prevention Day. We must learn lessons from the Hiroshima mudslides and put them to good use as countermeasures against future disasters.
きょうは「防災の日」だ。広島の災害から教訓をくみ取り、今後の防災対策に生かさねばならない。
◇宅地開発規制の議論を
Apart from mudslides there have been other serious water-related disasters such as floods and rivers overflowing in recent years. It is still fresh in people's memory that a powerful typhoon brought record rain to Izu Oshima Island south of Tokyo in October 2013, triggering large-scale mudslides and leaving 39 people dead or missing. Torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011 -- half a year after the Great East Japan Earthquake -- also killed nearly 100 people.
土砂災害に限らず、浸水害や河川の氾濫を含めた水害が近年、猛威を振るう。昨年１０月、台風２６号により東京都大島町で記録的な大雨が降り、土石流による死者・行方不明者が３９人に上ったのは記憶に新しい。東日本大震災が起きた２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨の犠牲者も１００人近くに上った。
The annual amount of rainfall throughout the Japanese archipelago, situated in a rainy region, surpasses 1,700 millimeters on average, nearly twice the world average. Moreover, rainfall is concentrated in the rainy season from June to mid-July and in periods when the archipelago is hit frequently by typhoons.
多雨地帯に位置する日本の年平均降水量は１７００ミリを超え、世界平均の約２倍に上る。梅雨や台風の時期に雨が集中するのも特徴だ。
Rain not only brings essential water but also causes disasters. In recent years, localized torrential rain often dubbed as "guerrilla downpours," and large typhoons have hit Japan. Many areas in the rest of the world have been hit by floods triggered by large-scale hurricanes. Some experts have warned that the number of floods will increase because of the effects of global warming. It should be kept in mind that people across the world face growing risks of floods.
雨は恵みをもたらすが、災害も引き起こす。しかも近年、ゲリラ豪雨と呼ばれる局地的な大雨や台風の大型化が目立つ。世界的にも大型ハリケーンなどによる水害が多発している。地球温暖化で洪水が今後増加するとの指摘もある。水害の危険はますます高まるとみるべきだ。
In implementing countermeasures against floods, particular attention should be focused on efforts to deal with urbanization, or population concentration in small areas.
水害対策に当たってまず念頭に置くべきは、狭い地域に人口が密集する都市化への対応だ。
The Hiroshima mudslides are the consequence of a housing development that began in the central part of the city reaching areas just at the foot of a mountainous region. Housing developments have been conducted in a similar way in numerous areas throughout the archipelago. In Tokyo and ordinance-designated major cities alone, there are 28,000 areas prone to mudslides.
広島の土砂災害は、都市部の宅地開発が山の近くにまで広がった結果として起きた。同じように宅地開発を進めた地域は全国いたるところにある。政令市と東京都だけで、土砂災害の恐れのある危険箇所は２万８０００カ所を超える。
On the other hand, little progress has been made in efforts to restrict housing developments in such disaster-prone areas. There is a wide gap between areas in the degree of progress in designating areas prone to mudslides as caution zones. Little progress in such efforts has been made in not only Hiroshima but also other urban cities such as Sapporo, Sendai and Nagoya. Keiji Furuya, state minister for disaster prevention, has suggested that the government intends to seek revisions to the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas to make it easier for prefectural governors to designate disaster-prone areas as caution zones at their own discretion.
一方で、危険な場所での宅地開発規制は、なかなか進まない。土砂災害警戒区域の指定は政令市によって差があり、広島市以外も札幌、仙台、名古屋各市の低さが目立つ。古屋圭司防災担当相は、都道府県知事が区域指定をしやすくなるよう土砂災害防止法を改正する意向を示した。
However, making it easier to make such designations alone is insufficient. The Diet should hold in-depth debate on how to prevent people from moving into mudslide-prone areas and whether to consider relocating those living in areas vulnerable to such disasters, among other points of contention.
指定をしやすくするだけでは十分でない。危険な場所に新たに人が移り住まないようにする手立てはどうするのか。真に危険な場所からは、住居の移転も検討すべきではないのか。さまざまな論点について、国会で議論を尽くしてほしい。
About 70 percent of the Japanese archipelago consists of mountains, while the remainder is hills and low-lying areas. About half of Japan's total population is concentrated in urban areas and other regions that face high risks of floods.
日本の国土の約７割は山地で、残りが台地や低地だ。都市部を中心に洪水の可能性がある場所に人口の５０％が集中している。
In 2010, a panel of experts on countermeasures against large-scale floods within the government's Central Disaster Management Council released a report under the radical title, "Floods in the metropolitan area -- measures that should be taken to lessen damage."
中央防災会議の「大規模水害対策に関する専門調査会」が１０年、報告書を公表した。副題は「首都圏水没〜被害軽減のために取るべき対策とは〜」と刺激的である。
In the worst-case scenario incorporated in the report, up to 6,300 people would die if the Tone River were to overflow and up to 3,500 people would lose their lives if the Arakawa River were to flood. In case a massive amount of water flows into underground spaces such as subway tunnels, the scale of floods would rapidly expand. Such floods would deal a serious blow to politics and the economy, just like a powerful earthquake occurring right below the Tokyo metropolitan area.
大雨によって利根川が氾濫した場合、最悪で６３００人、荒川で３５００人の死者が出る想定だ。地下鉄など地下に張り巡らされた空間に水が流れ込めば、短時間で浸水が拡大する。首都直下地震が襲った時と同様、政治や経済への影響も甚大だ。
The Kansai and Nagoya regions face high risks of floods as their population is concentrated in areas at ground level and many typhoons pass these regions.
首都圏に限らない。関西や名古屋地区も海抜ゼロメートル地帯に人口が集中し、台風の通り道でもあるため、極めて水害の危険が高い。
◇都市の水害危機は深刻
It goes without saying that it is important to step up flood-control measures, but the central and local governments must work closely to utilize land with the risk of floods in mind and consider how to reside in areas vulnerable to floods.
治水対策の強化はもちろんだが、水害を想定した土地利用、さらには住まい方の工夫を政府、自治体一丸となって進めなければならない。
Although the accuracy of meteorological observations has been improving, it is still difficult to precisely and quickly predict localized torrential rain that lasts for only a short period of time. Such being the case, local government responses, such as issuing evacuation advisories, are called into question whenever a serious disaster occurs.
気象観測の精度は上がっているが、局地的な短時間の大雨を的確かつタイムリーに予測するのは難しい。住民に避難を呼びかける行政対応が災害のたびに問題化する。
The Hiroshima Municipal Government has admitted that it was slow to issue an evacuation advisory at the time of the mudslides. The Cabinet Office has set guidelines that require local bodies to promptly issue evacuation advisories or orders without fear of being criticized for overreacting to disasters. However, many residents choose to stay home despite evacuation advisories and officials at local governments appear to often hesitate to issue such recommendations.
広島の土砂災害でも、広島市が避難勧告の遅れを認めた。内閣府が、「空振り」を恐れずに勧告を出すよう指針を示したが、勧告を出しても住民が避難しない場合が多く、現場の判断も迷うことが多いようだ。
Regardless, local governments must not hesitate to call on residents to flee their homes if there is imminent danger. Therefore, the national and local governments should clarify the criteria for issuing such advisories by learning lessons from past disasters and by improving their practical measures to respond to disasters.
それでも危険が迫れば、ためらわず避難を呼びかけるのが大前提だ。数々の災害の教訓を生かした発令基準の明確化など、行政は防災実務の一層の改善に取り組むべきだ。
At the same time, citizens should raise their awareness of the need to be prepared for serious natural disasters. In a column he wrote for the Japan Meteorological Agency's annual report for fiscal 2012, Gunma University professor Toshitaka Katada pointed out that citizens have failed to take proactive action to fully utilize information on natural disasters to protect their own lives.
"It is not necessarily true that improvement in the accuracy of disaster information directly leads to the enhancement of disaster countermeasures," he wrote.
同時に住民の意識改革もまた必要である。群馬大学大学院の片田敏孝教授は、気象庁が刊行する「気象業務はいま」（１２年版）のコラムで「災害情報の高度化が防災の向上に直結するのかと言えば必ずしもそうではない」と述べ、住民が災害情報を生かさず、自分の命を守ることへの主体性が欠落していると指摘した。
The phrase "normalcy bias" refers to the psychological tendency to underestimate the imminent danger people face even if they obtain information on the danger they actually face. Experts have pointed out that victims of tsunami triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake showed this mental state.
「正常化の偏見」という言葉がある。危険が迫っていることを知らせる情報を得ても、自分の身にそんな事態が差し迫っていると考えない心理傾向を指す。東日本大震災の津波被害でも報告された。
Instead of simply relying on government organizations, all citizens should have enough knowledge of the areas they live in, and choose a location where they would take shelter or a location within their home where they would seek cover in case of a serious disaster.
行政頼りでなく住んでいる地域を自ら知り、避難場所や屋内の逃げ場所を決めておきたい。
If they face an imminent disaster, people should proactively gather information to pay close attention to any warning signs.
いざ災害の可能性が現実化した場合は、情報を収集し、災害の前兆にも気を配る必要がある。
People have nobody but themselves to rely on to protect their own lives.
命を守る最後のとりでは自分自身だ。
Of course, regional communities as a whole must help the elderly and other residents who are vulnerable to disasters. もちろん、高齢者など災害弱者は、地域全体で助けねばならない。
With this fully in mind, all citizens should enhance their preparedness for powerful earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters.
そうした姿勢で、地震や津波、火山の噴火などあらゆる自然災害への防災力を高めよう。
毎日新聞 2014年09月01日 02時30分
Editorial: National Disaster Prevention Day a reminder to be prepared
社説:防災の日 身を守る力を備えよう
Work is still under way to search for those missing after being hit by a series of mudslides in Hiroshima and to help the city recover from the disaster.
広島市の大規模土砂災害は、今も懸命の捜索・復旧活動が続く。
Numerous questions have been raised over the huge damage caused by the tragedy, such as why the lives of more than 70 people were lost, why the local authorities were slow to issue an evacuation advisory and why little progress had been made before the disaster in designating vulnerable areas as caution zones under the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas.
なぜ７０人を超える命が失われたのか。行政側の避難勧告の遅れや、土砂災害防止法に基づく警戒区域の指定が後手に回ったことなど、被害が拡大した要因が徐々に明らかになりつつある。
It is indispensable for both the national and local governments to assess their responses to the disaster in detail.
行政の対応のきめ細かな検証が今後、不可欠だ。
There are people who were killed by the disaster and those who survived even though they were in the same areas. It is also important to analyze the behavior of the disaster victims and survivors to ascertain the difference between life and death.
一方、同じ現場にいながら助かった人と犠牲になった人がいる。生死を分けた要因は何か。被災者の行動を分析することも重要だ。
Sept. 1 has been designated by the central government as National Disaster Prevention Day. We must learn lessons from the Hiroshima mudslides and put them to good use as countermeasures against future disasters.
きょうは「防災の日」だ。広島の災害から教訓をくみ取り、今後の防災対策に生かさねばならない。
◇宅地開発規制の議論を
Apart from mudslides there have been other serious water-related disasters such as floods and rivers overflowing in recent years. It is still fresh in people's memory that a powerful typhoon brought record rain to Izu Oshima Island south of Tokyo in October 2013, triggering large-scale mudslides and leaving 39 people dead or missing. Torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011 -- half a year after the Great East Japan Earthquake -- also killed nearly 100 people.
土砂災害に限らず、浸水害や河川の氾濫を含めた水害が近年、猛威を振るう。昨年１０月、台風２６号により東京都大島町で記録的な大雨が降り、土石流による死者・行方不明者が３９人に上ったのは記憶に新しい。東日本大震災が起きた２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨の犠牲者も１００人近くに上った。
The annual amount of rainfall throughout the Japanese archipelago, situated in a rainy region, surpasses 1,700 millimeters on average, nearly twice the world average. Moreover, rainfall is concentrated in the rainy season from June to mid-July and in periods when the archipelago is hit frequently by typhoons.
多雨地帯に位置する日本の年平均降水量は１７００ミリを超え、世界平均の約２倍に上る。梅雨や台風の時期に雨が集中するのも特徴だ。
Rain not only brings essential water but also causes disasters. In recent years, localized torrential rain often dubbed as "guerrilla downpours," and large typhoons have hit Japan. Many areas in the rest of the world have been hit by floods triggered by large-scale hurricanes. Some experts have warned that the number of floods will increase because of the effects of global warming. It should be kept in mind that people across the world face growing risks of floods.
雨は恵みをもたらすが、災害も引き起こす。しかも近年、ゲリラ豪雨と呼ばれる局地的な大雨や台風の大型化が目立つ。世界的にも大型ハリケーンなどによる水害が多発している。地球温暖化で洪水が今後増加するとの指摘もある。水害の危険はますます高まるとみるべきだ。
In implementing countermeasures against floods, particular attention should be focused on efforts to deal with urbanization, or population concentration in small areas.
水害対策に当たってまず念頭に置くべきは、狭い地域に人口が密集する都市化への対応だ。
The Hiroshima mudslides are the consequence of a housing development that began in the central part of the city reaching areas just at the foot of a mountainous region. Housing developments have been conducted in a similar way in numerous areas throughout the archipelago. In Tokyo and ordinance-designated major cities alone, there are 28,000 areas prone to mudslides.
広島の土砂災害は、都市部の宅地開発が山の近くにまで広がった結果として起きた。同じように宅地開発を進めた地域は全国いたるところにある。政令市と東京都だけで、土砂災害の恐れのある危険箇所は２万８０００カ所を超える。
On the other hand, little progress has been made in efforts to restrict housing developments in such disaster-prone areas. There is a wide gap between areas in the degree of progress in designating areas prone to mudslides as caution zones. Little progress in such efforts has been made in not only Hiroshima but also other urban cities such as Sapporo, Sendai and Nagoya. Keiji Furuya, state minister for disaster prevention, has suggested that the government intends to seek revisions to the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas to make it easier for prefectural governors to designate disaster-prone areas as caution zones at their own discretion.
一方で、危険な場所での宅地開発規制は、なかなか進まない。土砂災害警戒区域の指定は政令市によって差があり、広島市以外も札幌、仙台、名古屋各市の低さが目立つ。古屋圭司防災担当相は、都道府県知事が区域指定をしやすくなるよう土砂災害防止法を改正する意向を示した。
However, making it easier to make such designations alone is insufficient. The Diet should hold in-depth debate on how to prevent people from moving into mudslide-prone areas and whether to consider relocating those living in areas vulnerable to such disasters, among other points of contention.
指定をしやすくするだけでは十分でない。危険な場所に新たに人が移り住まないようにする手立てはどうするのか。真に危険な場所からは、住居の移転も検討すべきではないのか。さまざまな論点について、国会で議論を尽くしてほしい。
About 70 percent of the Japanese archipelago consists of mountains, while the remainder is hills and low-lying areas. About half of Japan's total population is concentrated in urban areas and other regions that face high risks of floods.
日本の国土の約７割は山地で、残りが台地や低地だ。都市部を中心に洪水の可能性がある場所に人口の５０％が集中している。
In 2010, a panel of experts on countermeasures against large-scale floods within the government's Central Disaster Management Council released a report under the radical title, "Floods in the metropolitan area -- measures that should be taken to lessen damage."
中央防災会議の「大規模水害対策に関する専門調査会」が１０年、報告書を公表した。副題は「首都圏水没〜被害軽減のために取るべき対策とは〜」と刺激的である。
In the worst-case scenario incorporated in the report, up to 6,300 people would die if the Tone River were to overflow and up to 3,500 people would lose their lives if the Arakawa River were to flood. In case a massive amount of water flows into underground spaces such as subway tunnels, the scale of floods would rapidly expand. Such floods would deal a serious blow to politics and the economy, just like a powerful earthquake occurring right below the Tokyo metropolitan area.
大雨によって利根川が氾濫した場合、最悪で６３００人、荒川で３５００人の死者が出る想定だ。地下鉄など地下に張り巡らされた空間に水が流れ込めば、短時間で浸水が拡大する。首都直下地震が襲った時と同様、政治や経済への影響も甚大だ。
The Kansai and Nagoya regions face high risks of floods as their population is concentrated in areas at ground level and many typhoons pass these regions.
首都圏に限らない。関西や名古屋地区も海抜ゼロメートル地帯に人口が集中し、台風の通り道でもあるため、極めて水害の危険が高い。
◇都市の水害危機は深刻
It goes without saying that it is important to step up flood-control measures, but the central and local governments must work closely to utilize land with the risk of floods in mind and consider how to reside in areas vulnerable to floods.
治水対策の強化はもちろんだが、水害を想定した土地利用、さらには住まい方の工夫を政府、自治体一丸となって進めなければならない。
Although the accuracy of meteorological observations has been improving, it is still difficult to precisely and quickly predict localized torrential rain that lasts for only a short period of time. Such being the case, local government responses, such as issuing evacuation advisories, are called into question whenever a serious disaster occurs.
気象観測の精度は上がっているが、局地的な短時間の大雨を的確かつタイムリーに予測するのは難しい。住民に避難を呼びかける行政対応が災害のたびに問題化する。
The Hiroshima Municipal Government has admitted that it was slow to issue an evacuation advisory at the time of the mudslides. The Cabinet Office has set guidelines that require local bodies to promptly issue evacuation advisories or orders without fear of being criticized for overreacting to disasters. However, many residents choose to stay home despite evacuation advisories and officials at local governments appear to often hesitate to issue such recommendations.
広島の土砂災害でも、広島市が避難勧告の遅れを認めた。内閣府が、「空振り」を恐れずに勧告を出すよう指針を示したが、勧告を出しても住民が避難しない場合が多く、現場の判断も迷うことが多いようだ。
Regardless, local governments must not hesitate to call on residents to flee their homes if there is imminent danger. Therefore, the national and local governments should clarify the criteria for issuing such advisories by learning lessons from past disasters and by improving their practical measures to respond to disasters.
それでも危険が迫れば、ためらわず避難を呼びかけるのが大前提だ。数々の災害の教訓を生かした発令基準の明確化など、行政は防災実務の一層の改善に取り組むべきだ。
At the same time, citizens should raise their awareness of the need to be prepared for serious natural disasters. In a column he wrote for the Japan Meteorological Agency's annual report for fiscal 2012, Gunma University professor Toshitaka Katada pointed out that citizens have failed to take proactive action to fully utilize information on natural disasters to protect their own lives.
"It is not necessarily true that improvement in the accuracy of disaster information directly leads to the enhancement of disaster countermeasures," he wrote.
同時に住民の意識改革もまた必要である。群馬大学大学院の片田敏孝教授は、気象庁が刊行する「気象業務はいま」（１２年版）のコラムで「災害情報の高度化が防災の向上に直結するのかと言えば必ずしもそうではない」と述べ、住民が災害情報を生かさず、自分の命を守ることへの主体性が欠落していると指摘した。
The phrase "normalcy bias" refers to the psychological tendency to underestimate the imminent danger people face even if they obtain information on the danger they actually face. Experts have pointed out that victims of tsunami triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake showed this mental state.
「正常化の偏見」という言葉がある。危険が迫っていることを知らせる情報を得ても、自分の身にそんな事態が差し迫っていると考えない心理傾向を指す。東日本大震災の津波被害でも報告された。
Instead of simply relying on government organizations, all citizens should have enough knowledge of the areas they live in, and choose a location where they would take shelter or a location within their home where they would seek cover in case of a serious disaster.
行政頼りでなく住んでいる地域を自ら知り、避難場所や屋内の逃げ場所を決めておきたい。
If they face an imminent disaster, people should proactively gather information to pay close attention to any warning signs.
いざ災害の可能性が現実化した場合は、情報を収集し、災害の前兆にも気を配る必要がある。
People have nobody but themselves to rely on to protect their own lives.
命を守る最後のとりでは自分自身だ。
Of course, regional communities as a whole must help the elderly and other residents who are vulnerable to disasters. もちろん、高齢者など災害弱者は、地域全体で助けねばならない。
With this fully in mind, all citizens should enhance their preparedness for powerful earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters.
そうした姿勢で、地震や津波、火山の噴火などあらゆる自然災害への防災力を高めよう。
毎日新聞 2014年09月01日 02時30分
2014年08月27日
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:招きたくない監視社会 ／東京
August 24, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Publically shaming criminals online is going too far
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:招きたくない監視社会 ／東京
Recently, a comic store generated controversy with a threat to publically release the image of a shoplifter's face who was caught on a security camera stealing an expensive figurine. The store first released an image of the shoplifter with his face pixelated and threatened to remove the pixilation if the person did not return the figurine by a certain day.
漫画専門店で売り物の高価なフィギュアを万引きした男性。監視カメラでとらえられており、映像のネット公開をめぐって議論が起きた。店側はまずモザイクつきの写真をネットにアップし、期日までに返却に来なければモザイクをはずすと呼びかけたが、
In the end, at the urging of police, the store did not remove the pixilation. However, in on-the-street interviews on television shows, many people gave the opinion that the pixilation should have been removed, to help deter future shoplifters.
結局、警察の指導などにより公開は見送った。情報番組の街頭インタビューなどでは「再犯防止のためにも公開すべきだったのでは」といった厳しい声も目立った。
Crime is said to be overall on the decline, but shoplifting numbers refuse to fall. Perhaps lacking awareness that what they have done is a crime, some shoplifters supposedly take a defiant attitude, saying, "As long as I return it, there's no problem, right?"
犯罪は全体としては減る方向にあると言われるが、万引きはいっこうに減少しない。犯罪という自覚がないのか、店側が見つけても「返せばいいんだろう」と開き直るケースもあるとのことだ。
Some small retailers are supposedly affected quite badly by shoplifting, so it is not a problem that can be overlooked. 経営に大きな支障が出る小売店もあるというから、見逃せない問題だ。
However, we must be careful about the idea that a store can set up its own "punishment," by for example threatening to release a photo of a shoplifter's face.
とはいえ、店側が「監視カメラの映像をネットで公開します」など独自の“罰”をもうける動きには慎重にならなくてはならない。
In this day and age, using the Internet one can easily find all kinds of information about a person -- their name, their address, their place of work.
It can lead to ruining a person's standing in society.
とくにこの時代、ネットを使えば名前、自宅、職場などが簡単に特定され、その人の社会的生命が断たれるほどのダメージを与えることにもなりかねない。
While the theft in the recent case was of a very valuable item, is it right for stores to be able to decide that when the value of shoplifted merchandise is over some particular amount it warrants a public release of the shoplifter's photo?
今回、盗まれたのはとても高価な品だったが、映像の公開か非公開か、その境目の金額までをはたして店が決めてよいものか。
Sometimes on the Internet, people will release photos of criminals, taken while they happened to be nearby.
ネットでは、問題を起こした人の写真や名前など個人情報を公開することを「さらす」と呼ぶ。
"This person is a groper," they may write, releasing a photo on a site such as Twitter.
「これが痴漢です」などと居合わせた人が写真を撮り、ツイッターなどで「さらす」こともある。
I feel that more and more, the reaction to this public exposure is not "that's going too far," but "they deserve it."
それに対し「やりすぎだ」という声より「さらされて当然」と肯定する声のほうが大きくなりつつあるのを感じる。
Of course, no matter the reason, there is no excuse for breaking the law or other rules.
もちろん法律などで決められているルールを破るのは、どんな理由があろうとも許される行為ではない。
But I also think that stores -- who are not police -- should not come up with and deal out their own "punishments." しかし、警察以外の個人や店の手により、どんな“罰”を加えても許されるというのは違うと思う。
While public exposure on the Internet is not a direct punishment like a fine or prison sentence, it is in some ways a heavier punishment.
ネットで「さらす」行為は罰金や懲役といった直接的な制裁ではないが、ある意味でそれ以上の重さを持っているともいえる。
According to police statistics, recently many shoplifters are people 65 and over.
警察の統計によれば、最近は６５歳以上の高齢者の万引きの増加が目立つそうだ。
Maybe, having retired or no longer having any family, they think, "I have nothing left to lose, so I don't care who you report me to.
仕事を退職していたり家族がおらずひとり暮らしだったりで、「もう失うものはないから、誰に報告してくれてもいいですよ。
You're going to put my face out on the Internet? I don't care." If so, it is a sad situation.
ネットで顔を“さらす”？ ああ、かまいませんよ」という心境なのだろうか。それも寂しい話だ。
I hope that we do not become a world where people are always observing each other, quick to photograph and expose other people on the Internet the moment they do something wrong.
お互いが監視し合い、怪しい行動を取ったらすぐに写真を撮って公開。これが当然、という世の中にならないことを願いたい。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Publically shaming criminals online is going too far
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:招きたくない監視社会 ／東京
Recently, a comic store generated controversy with a threat to publically release the image of a shoplifter's face who was caught on a security camera stealing an expensive figurine. The store first released an image of the shoplifter with his face pixelated and threatened to remove the pixilation if the person did not return the figurine by a certain day.
漫画専門店で売り物の高価なフィギュアを万引きした男性。監視カメラでとらえられており、映像のネット公開をめぐって議論が起きた。店側はまずモザイクつきの写真をネットにアップし、期日までに返却に来なければモザイクをはずすと呼びかけたが、
In the end, at the urging of police, the store did not remove the pixilation. However, in on-the-street interviews on television shows, many people gave the opinion that the pixilation should have been removed, to help deter future shoplifters.
結局、警察の指導などにより公開は見送った。情報番組の街頭インタビューなどでは「再犯防止のためにも公開すべきだったのでは」といった厳しい声も目立った。
Crime is said to be overall on the decline, but shoplifting numbers refuse to fall. Perhaps lacking awareness that what they have done is a crime, some shoplifters supposedly take a defiant attitude, saying, "As long as I return it, there's no problem, right?"
犯罪は全体としては減る方向にあると言われるが、万引きはいっこうに減少しない。犯罪という自覚がないのか、店側が見つけても「返せばいいんだろう」と開き直るケースもあるとのことだ。
Some small retailers are supposedly affected quite badly by shoplifting, so it is not a problem that can be overlooked. 経営に大きな支障が出る小売店もあるというから、見逃せない問題だ。
However, we must be careful about the idea that a store can set up its own "punishment," by for example threatening to release a photo of a shoplifter's face.
とはいえ、店側が「監視カメラの映像をネットで公開します」など独自の“罰”をもうける動きには慎重にならなくてはならない。
In this day and age, using the Internet one can easily find all kinds of information about a person -- their name, their address, their place of work.
It can lead to ruining a person's standing in society.
とくにこの時代、ネットを使えば名前、自宅、職場などが簡単に特定され、その人の社会的生命が断たれるほどのダメージを与えることにもなりかねない。
While the theft in the recent case was of a very valuable item, is it right for stores to be able to decide that when the value of shoplifted merchandise is over some particular amount it warrants a public release of the shoplifter's photo?
今回、盗まれたのはとても高価な品だったが、映像の公開か非公開か、その境目の金額までをはたして店が決めてよいものか。
Sometimes on the Internet, people will release photos of criminals, taken while they happened to be nearby.
ネットでは、問題を起こした人の写真や名前など個人情報を公開することを「さらす」と呼ぶ。
"This person is a groper," they may write, releasing a photo on a site such as Twitter.
「これが痴漢です」などと居合わせた人が写真を撮り、ツイッターなどで「さらす」こともある。
I feel that more and more, the reaction to this public exposure is not "that's going too far," but "they deserve it."
それに対し「やりすぎだ」という声より「さらされて当然」と肯定する声のほうが大きくなりつつあるのを感じる。
Of course, no matter the reason, there is no excuse for breaking the law or other rules.
もちろん法律などで決められているルールを破るのは、どんな理由があろうとも許される行為ではない。
But I also think that stores -- who are not police -- should not come up with and deal out their own "punishments." しかし、警察以外の個人や店の手により、どんな“罰”を加えても許されるというのは違うと思う。
While public exposure on the Internet is not a direct punishment like a fine or prison sentence, it is in some ways a heavier punishment.
ネットで「さらす」行為は罰金や懲役といった直接的な制裁ではないが、ある意味でそれ以上の重さを持っているともいえる。
According to police statistics, recently many shoplifters are people 65 and over.
警察の統計によれば、最近は６５歳以上の高齢者の万引きの増加が目立つそうだ。
Maybe, having retired or no longer having any family, they think, "I have nothing left to lose, so I don't care who you report me to.
仕事を退職していたり家族がおらずひとり暮らしだったりで、「もう失うものはないから、誰に報告してくれてもいいですよ。
You're going to put my face out on the Internet? I don't care." If so, it is a sad situation.
ネットで顔を“さらす”？ ああ、かまいませんよ」という心境なのだろうか。それも寂しい話だ。
I hope that we do not become a world where people are always observing each other, quick to photograph and expose other people on the Internet the moment they do something wrong.
お互いが監視し合い、怪しい行動を取ったらすぐに写真を撮って公開。これが当然、という世の中にならないことを願いたい。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 地方版
2014年08月25日
社説:広島土砂災害 検証尽くして教訓導け
August 23, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Learning a lesson from Hiroshima landslides
社説:広島土砂災害 検証尽くして教訓導け
The number of residents reported missing following major landslides in northern Hiroshima in the predawn hours of Aug. 20 has significantly increased, threatening to make the disaster the worst of its kind in recent years when combined with the confirmed death toll.
広島市北部で２０日未明発生した土砂崩れの行方不明者が大幅に増え、犠牲者と合わせると近年では最悪の土砂災害となる恐れが強まった。
Initially seven people were reported missing, but a little over 24 hours later that figure climbed to over 50. The discrepancy in the numbers reported missing comes from police and local municipalities using different methods to confirm the safety of residents.
行方不明の人数が当初の７人から２４時間以上たって５０人超に増えたのは、住民の安否情報の確認方法が自治体と警察との間で違っていたためだ。
The difficulty that officials face in fully grasping the extent of the damage indicates how severe the disaster is.
被災状況の把握すら困難な厳しい状況であることを示している。
With rain continuing to fall intermittently, rescuers are desperately searching for the missing while remaining on alert against secondary damage. All efforts should be exhausted in search and rescue operations, with priority put on saving human lives.
断続的に雨が降り、２次災害を警戒しながらの捜索活動が続く。人命を最優先に力を尽くしてもらいたい。
Amid ongoing power and water outages in the disaster-hit areas, an increasing number of residents have been forced to take shelter at public facilities.
被災現場は停電や断水が続き、避難所で暮らす住民が増えている。
Local municipalities are urged to pay close attention to residents' needs so that volunteers can provide adequate support.
ボランティアを受け入れる自治体は、的確な支援ができるよう住民の要望をきめ細かく聞き取ってほしい。
Hiroshima Prefecture has the most spots vulnerable to sediment disaster in Japan.
広島県は土砂災害危険箇所が全国で最も多いが、
However, the designation of warning zones under the Act on Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas has not come fast enough.
土砂災害防止法の警戒区域指定は遅れていた。
The residential areas that suffered damage in the latest landslides were prone to disasters due to their proximity to mountains, but most of them had not been designated as sediment disaster-prone areas.
被災現場は山裾に住宅地が広がり、災害の恐れのある地域だったが、ほとんどが未指定だ。
Financial and manpower shortages have reportedly hampered the progress of field surveys, while residents are reluctant to have land designated as being disaster-prone, fearing that their property values will be downgraded.
財政難や人員不足で現地調査などの作業が進まないという。不動産価値の低下を住民が懸念し、理解を得にくいことも要因だ。
Nevertheless, it is serious that such an immense disaster hit areas that had not been listed as being disaster-prone.
だが、指定されなかった地域で甚大な災害が起きたことを重く受け止めなければならない。
If more damage like this arises, criticism that the disaster was a man-made calamity could intensify.
今後も同じような被害が出れば、「人災」という批判が強まりかねない。
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is urged to review the operation of the law and promote the designation of areas prone to sediment disaster as such.
国土交通省は指定促進のために運用を見直し、
If reviews alone are insufficient, legislative revisions need to be deliberated in the Diet.
それでも不十分ならば国会で法改正を議論する必要がある。
The city of Hiroshima has acknowledged that its evacuation advisory came too late, and is poised to review the standards for issuing such advisories.
広島市は避難勧告の遅れを認め、発令基準を見直す。
Memories of the landslide disaster on Izu Oshima Island in October last year, when an absence of an evacuation advisory or order resulted in many casualties, remains fresh in our minds.
昨年１０月の土砂災害で東京都大島町（伊豆大島）が避難勧告・指示を出さず、多くの犠牲者が出た。
The central government subsequently notified municipalities across the nation to issue evacuation advisories without fearing that they might turn out to be unnecessary.
そのため政府は、空振りを恐れず勧告を出すよう自治体に通知したが、
The government should fully reassure municipalities about the directive once again.
改めて徹底すべきだ。
It is difficult and dangerous for residents to evacuate at night, but the risks could be lowered in some cases if people moved to the upper floors of buildings.
夜間の避難は難しく危険もつきまとうが、建物の高層部に逃げる垂直避難であれば危険度は低い。
In the Hiroshima disaster, a family found their way to safety by evacuating upstairs to the second floor of their home. 今回の災害でも１階から２階に移り全員が無事だった家族がいた。
Residents in disaster-prone areas should regularly discuss how to act in the event of a disaster and make steadfast preparations.
災害の危険性が高い地域の住民は、日ごろから災害時の行動を話し合い、備えを万全にしておいてほしい。
In the wake of the torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011, leaving 82 people dead and 16 missing, the Wakayama Prefectural Government created guidelines for issuing evacuation advisories.
８２人が死亡し１６人が行方不明となった２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨を受けて、和歌山県は避難勧告を出すモデル基準を作った。
The guidelines require avoidance of ambiguous expressions.
あいまいな表現を避け、
They also require the use of numerical criteria such as accumulated precipitation so residents can make an objective judgment.
累積雨量など数値基準を使って客観的に判断できるようにした。
In the Hyogo Prefecture town of Sayo, where flooding from a typhoon five years ago left 18 dead and two missing, the town office introduced a monitoring system in which residents living near rivers report water levels and other relevant information, based on which the town office decides whether to issue evacuation advisories.
５年前の台風による水害で２０人の死者・行方不明者が出た兵庫県佐用町は、河川付近の住民から水位などを報告してもらうモニター制度を導入し、発令の判断に活用している。
We should take note of such system improvements grounded in lessons learned from tragedies.
痛ましい体験を教訓とした制度改善例を参考にしたい。
In the Hiroshima disaster, the cause and background factors of the extensive damage should be thoroughly verified so we can utilize the information in future measures.
今回の土砂災害でも被害が拡大した原因や背景を徹底的に検証し、そこから得た教訓を今後の対策に生かしていくことが極めて重要だ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月23日 02時33分（最終更新 08月23日 09時39分）
Editorial: Learning a lesson from Hiroshima landslides
社説:広島土砂災害 検証尽くして教訓導け
The number of residents reported missing following major landslides in northern Hiroshima in the predawn hours of Aug. 20 has significantly increased, threatening to make the disaster the worst of its kind in recent years when combined with the confirmed death toll.
広島市北部で２０日未明発生した土砂崩れの行方不明者が大幅に増え、犠牲者と合わせると近年では最悪の土砂災害となる恐れが強まった。
Initially seven people were reported missing, but a little over 24 hours later that figure climbed to over 50. The discrepancy in the numbers reported missing comes from police and local municipalities using different methods to confirm the safety of residents.
行方不明の人数が当初の７人から２４時間以上たって５０人超に増えたのは、住民の安否情報の確認方法が自治体と警察との間で違っていたためだ。
The difficulty that officials face in fully grasping the extent of the damage indicates how severe the disaster is.
被災状況の把握すら困難な厳しい状況であることを示している。
With rain continuing to fall intermittently, rescuers are desperately searching for the missing while remaining on alert against secondary damage. All efforts should be exhausted in search and rescue operations, with priority put on saving human lives.
断続的に雨が降り、２次災害を警戒しながらの捜索活動が続く。人命を最優先に力を尽くしてもらいたい。
Amid ongoing power and water outages in the disaster-hit areas, an increasing number of residents have been forced to take shelter at public facilities.
被災現場は停電や断水が続き、避難所で暮らす住民が増えている。
Local municipalities are urged to pay close attention to residents' needs so that volunteers can provide adequate support.
ボランティアを受け入れる自治体は、的確な支援ができるよう住民の要望をきめ細かく聞き取ってほしい。
Hiroshima Prefecture has the most spots vulnerable to sediment disaster in Japan.
広島県は土砂災害危険箇所が全国で最も多いが、
However, the designation of warning zones under the Act on Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas has not come fast enough.
土砂災害防止法の警戒区域指定は遅れていた。
The residential areas that suffered damage in the latest landslides were prone to disasters due to their proximity to mountains, but most of them had not been designated as sediment disaster-prone areas.
被災現場は山裾に住宅地が広がり、災害の恐れのある地域だったが、ほとんどが未指定だ。
Financial and manpower shortages have reportedly hampered the progress of field surveys, while residents are reluctant to have land designated as being disaster-prone, fearing that their property values will be downgraded.
財政難や人員不足で現地調査などの作業が進まないという。不動産価値の低下を住民が懸念し、理解を得にくいことも要因だ。
Nevertheless, it is serious that such an immense disaster hit areas that had not been listed as being disaster-prone.
だが、指定されなかった地域で甚大な災害が起きたことを重く受け止めなければならない。
If more damage like this arises, criticism that the disaster was a man-made calamity could intensify.
今後も同じような被害が出れば、「人災」という批判が強まりかねない。
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is urged to review the operation of the law and promote the designation of areas prone to sediment disaster as such.
国土交通省は指定促進のために運用を見直し、
If reviews alone are insufficient, legislative revisions need to be deliberated in the Diet.
それでも不十分ならば国会で法改正を議論する必要がある。
The city of Hiroshima has acknowledged that its evacuation advisory came too late, and is poised to review the standards for issuing such advisories.
広島市は避難勧告の遅れを認め、発令基準を見直す。
Memories of the landslide disaster on Izu Oshima Island in October last year, when an absence of an evacuation advisory or order resulted in many casualties, remains fresh in our minds.
昨年１０月の土砂災害で東京都大島町（伊豆大島）が避難勧告・指示を出さず、多くの犠牲者が出た。
The central government subsequently notified municipalities across the nation to issue evacuation advisories without fearing that they might turn out to be unnecessary.
そのため政府は、空振りを恐れず勧告を出すよう自治体に通知したが、
The government should fully reassure municipalities about the directive once again.
改めて徹底すべきだ。
It is difficult and dangerous for residents to evacuate at night, but the risks could be lowered in some cases if people moved to the upper floors of buildings.
夜間の避難は難しく危険もつきまとうが、建物の高層部に逃げる垂直避難であれば危険度は低い。
In the Hiroshima disaster, a family found their way to safety by evacuating upstairs to the second floor of their home. 今回の災害でも１階から２階に移り全員が無事だった家族がいた。
Residents in disaster-prone areas should regularly discuss how to act in the event of a disaster and make steadfast preparations.
災害の危険性が高い地域の住民は、日ごろから災害時の行動を話し合い、備えを万全にしておいてほしい。
In the wake of the torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011, leaving 82 people dead and 16 missing, the Wakayama Prefectural Government created guidelines for issuing evacuation advisories.
８２人が死亡し１６人が行方不明となった２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨を受けて、和歌山県は避難勧告を出すモデル基準を作った。
The guidelines require avoidance of ambiguous expressions.
あいまいな表現を避け、
They also require the use of numerical criteria such as accumulated precipitation so residents can make an objective judgment.
累積雨量など数値基準を使って客観的に判断できるようにした。
In the Hyogo Prefecture town of Sayo, where flooding from a typhoon five years ago left 18 dead and two missing, the town office introduced a monitoring system in which residents living near rivers report water levels and other relevant information, based on which the town office decides whether to issue evacuation advisories.
５年前の台風による水害で２０人の死者・行方不明者が出た兵庫県佐用町は、河川付近の住民から水位などを報告してもらうモニター制度を導入し、発令の判断に活用している。
We should take note of such system improvements grounded in lessons learned from tragedies.
痛ましい体験を教訓とした制度改善例を参考にしたい。
In the Hiroshima disaster, the cause and background factors of the extensive damage should be thoroughly verified so we can utilize the information in future measures.
今回の土砂災害でも被害が拡大した原因や背景を徹底的に検証し、そこから得た教訓を今後の対策に生かしていくことが極めて重要だ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月23日 02時33分（最終更新 08月23日 09時39分）
2014年08月22日
社説:原子力小委 動画非公開は教訓軽視
August 20, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Nuclear policy committee shows disregard for Fukushima lessons
社説:原子力小委 動画非公開は教訓軽視
One of the most important lessons we've learned from the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant disaster is that the closed nature of the nuclear power industry led us to underestimate the dangers of nuclear reactors.
福島第１原発過酷事故の大きな教訓は、原子力関係者の閉鎖的な体質が原発の危険性の過小評価を招いたことだ。
The industry tuned out sound criticism from outside sources, largely influencing the government's policy and risk assessment.
外部からの健全な批判を受け入れず、それが国の政策にもリスク評価にも大きく影響してしまった。
We must put this lesson to good use by making the policymaking and risk assessment process public and raising information transparency.
この教訓を生かすには、政策決定やリスク評価の過程を、できる限り公開し、情報の透明性を高めることが重要だ。
The Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) -- established after the onset of the Fukushima disaster -- streams video of its meetings and press conferences live, and the footage is also available for viewing online after the events take place.
事故後に設置された原子力規制委員会は、委員会そのものや記者会見を動画でライブ中継し、終了後もネット上で公開している。
A Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) deliberative council that reviewed the government's basic energy policy does the same.
国のエネルギー基本計画を検討した経済産業省の審議会も同様だ。
Such arrangements not only allow debate to extend to outside experts, it also serves to raise awareness and interest among the general public.
外部の専門家の間にも議論を広げるだけでなく、一般の人の関心を高める手段としても評価できる。
However, the Nuclear Energy Subcommittee of METI's Advisory Committee on Natural Resources and Energy, which has been holding meetings since June, accepts silent observers but does not publicly broadcast its meetings.
ところが、６月から開催されている経産省・総合資源エネルギー調査会の「原子力小委員会」は、傍聴は認めるものの、動画による公開はしていない。
Some subcommittee members have demanded that the meetings be broadcast, but as of the fourth meeting held Aug. 7, no video had been made available.
委員からは繰り返し公開を求める声が上がっているが、今月７日に開催された第４回会合でも実現されていない。
The subcommittee was established for the purpose of deliberating specific policies in the nuclear energy field based on the Basic Energy Plan approved by the Cabinet in April.
この小委は４月に閣議決定されたエネルギー基本計画に基づき、原子力分野の具体的方針を検討する目的で設置された。
Topics under discussion include reconstruction and revival in Fukushima, reduced dependence on nuclear energy, human resource development and nuclear fuel cycle policy.
福島の復興・再生や原子力依存度の低減、人材育成、核燃料サイクル政策などがテーマとなっている。
Such discussions will have a great bearing on what the country decides for its energy mix.
その議論は各電源の割合を示すエネルギーミックスの決定にも関係してくる。
With the subcommittee debating topics that will dictate Japan's nuclear policy, transparency of its discussions is crucial.
まさに、今後の具体的な原子力政策を左右する会議であり、透明性を高めて議論することが欠かせない。
Some may argue that allowing silent observers to watch from the visitors' gallery and the release of the minutes are sufficient.
一般傍聴や議事録公開で十分という主張があるかもしれない。
But those who can actually attend the meetings comprise a tiny percentage of the general public.
だが、開催日に会場にこられる人は国民の一握りに過ぎない。
Overviews of the meetings are released within a week or so of each meeting, but they do not indicate who said what. １週間程度で議事要旨は公開されるが、発言者が誰かわからない。
It takes about a month before the minutes are released, by which time the next meeting has already taken place.
議事録が出るまでには１カ月近くかかり、その間に次の会合が開催されているのが実情だ。
This state of affairs prevents the public from closely following the deliberation process.
これでは、国民が議論の過程を追うことができない。
Some have proposed a compromise of providing audio broadcasts of the meetings, but such broadcasts fail to provide a complete picture, since it's difficult to identify who has the floor at any given time.
音声だけの公開という妥協案もあるようだが、誰が発言しているかがわかりにくく、情報がそぎ落とされてしまう。
The subcommittee chair, Itaru Yasui, has cited the uneasiness some members would feel in voicing their views if the meetings were to be broadcast via video.
動画非公開の理由について小委の委員長は「意見を言いにくい人がいる」と述べている。
However, nuclear energy policy is an important matter bearing on Japan's post-Fukushima energy policy.
しかし、原子力政策は原発事故以降の日本のエネルギー政策の行方に関わる重要事項だ。
It's a matter of great interest to the public.
国民の関心も高い。
If indeed the subcommittee's members feel they can't be honest if their meetings are broadcast, then perhaps there's a lack of understanding about the significance of the meetings and the importance of their transparency.
ここで「動画中継されたら本音が言えない」とすれば、この会議の重要性についても、議論の透明性についても、理解が不足しているのではないだろうか。
At its fourth meeting, the subcommittee recognized the importance of making its meetings public, saying that it would "discuss how to improve the situation."
第４回の会合で事務局は、公開の重要性を認めた上で「そのための手立ての改善を検討したい」と述べている。
We hope the subcommittee will modify its policy and move ahead with video broadcasts of their meetings.
早急に方針を改め、動画公開を進めてほしい。
毎日新聞 2014年08月20日 02時40分
Editorial: Nuclear policy committee shows disregard for Fukushima lessons
社説:原子力小委 動画非公開は教訓軽視
One of the most important lessons we've learned from the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant disaster is that the closed nature of the nuclear power industry led us to underestimate the dangers of nuclear reactors.
福島第１原発過酷事故の大きな教訓は、原子力関係者の閉鎖的な体質が原発の危険性の過小評価を招いたことだ。
The industry tuned out sound criticism from outside sources, largely influencing the government's policy and risk assessment.
外部からの健全な批判を受け入れず、それが国の政策にもリスク評価にも大きく影響してしまった。
We must put this lesson to good use by making the policymaking and risk assessment process public and raising information transparency.
この教訓を生かすには、政策決定やリスク評価の過程を、できる限り公開し、情報の透明性を高めることが重要だ。
The Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) -- established after the onset of the Fukushima disaster -- streams video of its meetings and press conferences live, and the footage is also available for viewing online after the events take place.
事故後に設置された原子力規制委員会は、委員会そのものや記者会見を動画でライブ中継し、終了後もネット上で公開している。
A Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) deliberative council that reviewed the government's basic energy policy does the same.
国のエネルギー基本計画を検討した経済産業省の審議会も同様だ。
Such arrangements not only allow debate to extend to outside experts, it also serves to raise awareness and interest among the general public.
外部の専門家の間にも議論を広げるだけでなく、一般の人の関心を高める手段としても評価できる。
However, the Nuclear Energy Subcommittee of METI's Advisory Committee on Natural Resources and Energy, which has been holding meetings since June, accepts silent observers but does not publicly broadcast its meetings.
ところが、６月から開催されている経産省・総合資源エネルギー調査会の「原子力小委員会」は、傍聴は認めるものの、動画による公開はしていない。
Some subcommittee members have demanded that the meetings be broadcast, but as of the fourth meeting held Aug. 7, no video had been made available.
委員からは繰り返し公開を求める声が上がっているが、今月７日に開催された第４回会合でも実現されていない。
The subcommittee was established for the purpose of deliberating specific policies in the nuclear energy field based on the Basic Energy Plan approved by the Cabinet in April.
この小委は４月に閣議決定されたエネルギー基本計画に基づき、原子力分野の具体的方針を検討する目的で設置された。
Topics under discussion include reconstruction and revival in Fukushima, reduced dependence on nuclear energy, human resource development and nuclear fuel cycle policy.
福島の復興・再生や原子力依存度の低減、人材育成、核燃料サイクル政策などがテーマとなっている。
Such discussions will have a great bearing on what the country decides for its energy mix.
その議論は各電源の割合を示すエネルギーミックスの決定にも関係してくる。
With the subcommittee debating topics that will dictate Japan's nuclear policy, transparency of its discussions is crucial.
まさに、今後の具体的な原子力政策を左右する会議であり、透明性を高めて議論することが欠かせない。
Some may argue that allowing silent observers to watch from the visitors' gallery and the release of the minutes are sufficient.
一般傍聴や議事録公開で十分という主張があるかもしれない。
But those who can actually attend the meetings comprise a tiny percentage of the general public.
だが、開催日に会場にこられる人は国民の一握りに過ぎない。
Overviews of the meetings are released within a week or so of each meeting, but they do not indicate who said what. １週間程度で議事要旨は公開されるが、発言者が誰かわからない。
It takes about a month before the minutes are released, by which time the next meeting has already taken place.
議事録が出るまでには１カ月近くかかり、その間に次の会合が開催されているのが実情だ。
This state of affairs prevents the public from closely following the deliberation process.
これでは、国民が議論の過程を追うことができない。
Some have proposed a compromise of providing audio broadcasts of the meetings, but such broadcasts fail to provide a complete picture, since it's difficult to identify who has the floor at any given time.
音声だけの公開という妥協案もあるようだが、誰が発言しているかがわかりにくく、情報がそぎ落とされてしまう。
The subcommittee chair, Itaru Yasui, has cited the uneasiness some members would feel in voicing their views if the meetings were to be broadcast via video.
動画非公開の理由について小委の委員長は「意見を言いにくい人がいる」と述べている。
However, nuclear energy policy is an important matter bearing on Japan's post-Fukushima energy policy.
しかし、原子力政策は原発事故以降の日本のエネルギー政策の行方に関わる重要事項だ。
It's a matter of great interest to the public.
国民の関心も高い。
If indeed the subcommittee's members feel they can't be honest if their meetings are broadcast, then perhaps there's a lack of understanding about the significance of the meetings and the importance of their transparency.
ここで「動画中継されたら本音が言えない」とすれば、この会議の重要性についても、議論の透明性についても、理解が不足しているのではないだろうか。
At its fourth meeting, the subcommittee recognized the importance of making its meetings public, saying that it would "discuss how to improve the situation."
第４回の会合で事務局は、公開の重要性を認めた上で「そのための手立ての改善を検討したい」と述べている。
We hope the subcommittee will modify its policy and move ahead with video broadcasts of their meetings.
早急に方針を改め、動画公開を進めてほしい。
毎日新聞 2014年08月20日 02時40分
2014年08月21日
社説:無戸籍の人 法を見直し抜本救済を
August 19, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Time to aid residents without family records
社説:無戸籍の人 法を見直し抜本救済を
In Japan there exist a number of adults who have been left without family register records because their parents have failed to register their births. The government does not have a grasp of the situation, and the exact number of such people remains unknown, but private support groups receive roughly 100 inquiries a year.
出生届が出されず、戸籍がないまま成人した人たちがいる。国は実態を把握しておらず、具体的な人数は不明だが、民間支援団体には年間１００件もの相談がある。
Recently, the Ministry of Justice sent notification to regional legal affairs bureaus across the nation and initiated its first investigation into the problem. It is wrong for children to be left struggling in society simply because their parents, dealing with particular circumstances, failed to submit birth notifications. We hope the ministry's investigation will be the first step in providing relief.
法務省はこのほど、全国の法務局に通知し、初めての実態調査に乗り出した。親の事情で出生届が出せず、そのしわ寄せを子供が受けるのはおかしい。調査を救済の一歩にしてもらいたい。
The problem has been partially fuelled by a stipulation in the Civil Code that when a woman gives birth, the person who was the woman's husband at the time she was pregnant is deemed to be the father. Any child born within 300 days of a divorce, therefore, is presumed to be the child of the woman's former husband.
無戸籍の人が生まれる背景には、民法のきまりがある。子供を産んだ母親が妊娠した時の夫を父親とする「嫡出推定」の規定だ。離婚後３００日以内に生まれた子供も「前夫の子」と推定される。
Because of this, if a woman flees her husband due to violence or other such reasons, and meets another man and gives birth without first settling her marriage relationship, it is apparently not uncommon for that woman to refrain from registering the child's birth.
このため、夫の暴力などが原因で逃げ出した妻が、婚姻関係の解消ができないまま別の男性と知り合い、出産した場合、出生届を出さないことが少なくないとされる。
There are also times when a woman gets pregnant with another man's child before her divorce is finalized, and after the child is born takes measures to avoid her former husband being registered as the father under the 300-day rule.
また、離婚の成立前に夫以外の男性との間で妊娠した女性が出産後、「３００日規定」を理由に前夫の子供とされるのを避ける場合もある。
Of course, such problems can be overcome through arbitration and court rulings, but it is often a great burden for each side to meet face to face.
もちろん、調停や裁判で解決できるが、そうした場で相手と顔を合わせること自体が大きな負担になる。
If a person has no family register, they cannot prove their age. Accordingly, they cannot vote, and are unable to obtain a driver's license or a passport. There are apparently a significant number of people who are also unable to obtain resident cards.
戸籍がなければ、年齢の証明ができず、選挙権が認められない、運転免許やパスポートも取得できない。無戸籍の人の中には、住民票もない人が少なくないようだ。
This leaves them in a worse situation, in which they are left out from being notified about entry into public schools while their families remain ineligible to receive administrative services and benefits, such as child welfare allowances.
そうなれば、公立学校への就学案内が届かなかったり、児童手当など行政サービスが受けられなかったりという実生活上の不利益はさらに大きい。
It is possible for local bodies to create resident cards at their own discretion even if a person does not have a family register, but this fact has not been sufficiently publicized.
住民票は、戸籍がなくても自治体の判断で作成が可能だが、そうしたことが十分に周知されてこなかったのは確かだ。
The Ministry of Justice is said to be seeking the cooperation of municipalities in its investigation. We hope that it will release its findings.
法務省は、市区町村にも調査への協力を求めるという。調査結果はぜひ公表してもらいたい。
The Justice Ministry also sent out notification encouraging local officials to explain the administrative services that people without family register records can access under certain conditions.
法務省は、無戸籍の人が一定の要件で受けられる行政サービスについて説明を尽くすよう通知もした。
Naturally, a careful explanation of the procedures is necessary, but the ministry should also think about drastic legal revisions that prevent people being left without family register records.
もちろん、手続きの丁寧な説明は必要だが、無戸籍の人を生まない抜本的な法律の見直しを考えるべきだ。
In today's society, divorce and remarriage have increased, and family relationships are often complicated.
現代社会では、離婚や再婚も増え、家族関係が複雑化している。
Violence toward spouses has also risen, with some 50,000 incidents recorded each year.
配偶者による暴力も増加し年間５万件に上る。
In such circumstances, it is hard to say that the Civil Code stipulations on presuming paternity fit in with the times.
そうした中で、妊娠時の夫を父とする嫡出推定の規定が時代に合っているとは言い難い。
Just last month, cases that questioned paternity on the grounds of DNA tests were heard in a Supreme Court appeal and presumed paternity emerged as a focus of the hearings. Four of the five justices submitted individual opinions stating a need for legislation.
先月、ＤＮＡ型鑑定をめぐって父子関係を争い、嫡出推定の規定が焦点になった訴訟の上告審で、５人中４人の最高裁裁判官が個別意見で法整備の必要性に言及したのは記憶に新しい。
In 2007 the Tokyo Bar Association drafted a revision to the Civil Code under which presumed paternity would not apply if the space for the father's details was left blank when registering the child's birth, releasing this draft as a statement of its position.
東京弁護士会は２００７年、戸籍の父欄が空白の出生届が出された場合、嫡出推定が及ばないとする民法改正試案をまとめ、意見書として公表した。
The Legislative Council of the Ministry of Justice should begin full-scale deliberation of such methods discussing ways to presume paternity of a child.
こうした方法を含め、父親の推認法について法制審議会などの場で本格的に議論すべきだ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 02時31分
Editorial: Time to aid residents without family records
社説:無戸籍の人 法を見直し抜本救済を
In Japan there exist a number of adults who have been left without family register records because their parents have failed to register their births. The government does not have a grasp of the situation, and the exact number of such people remains unknown, but private support groups receive roughly 100 inquiries a year.
出生届が出されず、戸籍がないまま成人した人たちがいる。国は実態を把握しておらず、具体的な人数は不明だが、民間支援団体には年間１００件もの相談がある。
Recently, the Ministry of Justice sent notification to regional legal affairs bureaus across the nation and initiated its first investigation into the problem. It is wrong for children to be left struggling in society simply because their parents, dealing with particular circumstances, failed to submit birth notifications. We hope the ministry's investigation will be the first step in providing relief.
法務省はこのほど、全国の法務局に通知し、初めての実態調査に乗り出した。親の事情で出生届が出せず、そのしわ寄せを子供が受けるのはおかしい。調査を救済の一歩にしてもらいたい。
The problem has been partially fuelled by a stipulation in the Civil Code that when a woman gives birth, the person who was the woman's husband at the time she was pregnant is deemed to be the father. Any child born within 300 days of a divorce, therefore, is presumed to be the child of the woman's former husband.
無戸籍の人が生まれる背景には、民法のきまりがある。子供を産んだ母親が妊娠した時の夫を父親とする「嫡出推定」の規定だ。離婚後３００日以内に生まれた子供も「前夫の子」と推定される。
Because of this, if a woman flees her husband due to violence or other such reasons, and meets another man and gives birth without first settling her marriage relationship, it is apparently not uncommon for that woman to refrain from registering the child's birth.
このため、夫の暴力などが原因で逃げ出した妻が、婚姻関係の解消ができないまま別の男性と知り合い、出産した場合、出生届を出さないことが少なくないとされる。
There are also times when a woman gets pregnant with another man's child before her divorce is finalized, and after the child is born takes measures to avoid her former husband being registered as the father under the 300-day rule.
また、離婚の成立前に夫以外の男性との間で妊娠した女性が出産後、「３００日規定」を理由に前夫の子供とされるのを避ける場合もある。
Of course, such problems can be overcome through arbitration and court rulings, but it is often a great burden for each side to meet face to face.
もちろん、調停や裁判で解決できるが、そうした場で相手と顔を合わせること自体が大きな負担になる。
If a person has no family register, they cannot prove their age. Accordingly, they cannot vote, and are unable to obtain a driver's license or a passport. There are apparently a significant number of people who are also unable to obtain resident cards.
戸籍がなければ、年齢の証明ができず、選挙権が認められない、運転免許やパスポートも取得できない。無戸籍の人の中には、住民票もない人が少なくないようだ。
This leaves them in a worse situation, in which they are left out from being notified about entry into public schools while their families remain ineligible to receive administrative services and benefits, such as child welfare allowances.
そうなれば、公立学校への就学案内が届かなかったり、児童手当など行政サービスが受けられなかったりという実生活上の不利益はさらに大きい。
It is possible for local bodies to create resident cards at their own discretion even if a person does not have a family register, but this fact has not been sufficiently publicized.
住民票は、戸籍がなくても自治体の判断で作成が可能だが、そうしたことが十分に周知されてこなかったのは確かだ。
The Ministry of Justice is said to be seeking the cooperation of municipalities in its investigation. We hope that it will release its findings.
法務省は、市区町村にも調査への協力を求めるという。調査結果はぜひ公表してもらいたい。
The Justice Ministry also sent out notification encouraging local officials to explain the administrative services that people without family register records can access under certain conditions.
法務省は、無戸籍の人が一定の要件で受けられる行政サービスについて説明を尽くすよう通知もした。
Naturally, a careful explanation of the procedures is necessary, but the ministry should also think about drastic legal revisions that prevent people being left without family register records.
もちろん、手続きの丁寧な説明は必要だが、無戸籍の人を生まない抜本的な法律の見直しを考えるべきだ。
In today's society, divorce and remarriage have increased, and family relationships are often complicated.
現代社会では、離婚や再婚も増え、家族関係が複雑化している。
Violence toward spouses has also risen, with some 50,000 incidents recorded each year.
配偶者による暴力も増加し年間５万件に上る。
In such circumstances, it is hard to say that the Civil Code stipulations on presuming paternity fit in with the times.
そうした中で、妊娠時の夫を父とする嫡出推定の規定が時代に合っているとは言い難い。
Just last month, cases that questioned paternity on the grounds of DNA tests were heard in a Supreme Court appeal and presumed paternity emerged as a focus of the hearings. Four of the five justices submitted individual opinions stating a need for legislation.
先月、ＤＮＡ型鑑定をめぐって父子関係を争い、嫡出推定の規定が焦点になった訴訟の上告審で、５人中４人の最高裁裁判官が個別意見で法整備の必要性に言及したのは記憶に新しい。
In 2007 the Tokyo Bar Association drafted a revision to the Civil Code under which presumed paternity would not apply if the space for the father's details was left blank when registering the child's birth, releasing this draft as a statement of its position.
東京弁護士会は２００７年、戸籍の父欄が空白の出生届が出された場合、嫡出推定が及ばないとする民法改正試案をまとめ、意見書として公表した。
The Legislative Council of the Ministry of Justice should begin full-scale deliberation of such methods discussing ways to presume paternity of a child.
こうした方法を含め、父親の推認法について法制審議会などの場で本格的に議論すべきだ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 02時31分
2014年08月20日
社説:内部告発者保護 不利益扱い防ぐ制度に
August 18, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Strengthen system to protect whistleblowers
社説:内部告発者保護 不利益扱い防ぐ制度に
Many of those who have blown the whistle on wrongdoing involving their colleagues or employers have complained that they have been dismissed or transferred to unimportant divisions.
勤務している会社や役所の不正を知って内部告発したら、解雇や閑職に追いやられた。そんな訴えが後を絶たない。
The Whistleblower Protection Act came into force eight years ago, but the spirit of the legislation has not been sufficiently respected. The system to protect whistleblowers needs to be reinforced by amending the law or taking other effective measures to prevent those who try to correct an injustice from being treated unfavorably.
内部告発者を不利益に扱うことを禁じる公益通報者保護法が８年前に施行されたが、法の趣旨が十分に行き渡っているとはいえない。不正を正そうとした人が損をする本末転倒が生じないよう、法改正などによる制度の強化が必要だ。
The law is aimed at protecting workers, including public servants, who blow the whistle on criminal activities they witness at their workplaces to their employers or administrative organs. The Consumer Affairs Agency that enforces the law is hearing the views of experts and those who have experience of blowing the whistle in an effort to grasp the situation of whistleblowing and consider challenges that must be overcome.
公務員を含む労働者が勤め先での犯罪行為を事業者や行政機関などに内部告発しても保護されることをうたったのが同法だ。所管する消費者庁は現在、内部告発の実情把握と課題検討のため、関係者から意見聴取を進めている。先日は内部告発を理由に不利益処分を受けたとして裁判で争った人たちから意見を聞いた。
The agency has recently interviewed those who have sued their employers for being unfavorably treated at their workplaces in retaliation for blowing the whistle on wrongdoing. One of the victims, an anesthetist who worked at a public hospital, notified high-ranking officials of his workplace that a dentist who had no license as an anesthetist was anesthetizing patients and that a fatal blunder had occurred. However, he was relieved from his post and forced to resign from the hospital. He also blew the whistle to the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry. But the ministry dismissed his complaint on the grounds that "the Whistleblower Protection Act does not apply to retirees" and that "it is prefectural governments that are authorized by the law to receive complaints from whistleblowers and issue recommendations to or take punitive measures against offenders."
そのうち公立病院で働いていた麻酔科医は、資格のない歯科医が麻酔をしていることや死亡事故が起きていることを病院幹部に内部告発したが、業務から外され退職を余儀なくされた。さらに厚生労働省に内部告発したが「公益通報者保護法は退職者には適用されない」「法が通報先として認める処分・勧告権限のある行政機関は県になる」との理由で受け付けてもらえなかったという。
These examples have demonstrated that whistleblowers are not being protected despite the legislation. The anesthetist requested that clauses providing punishment against employers that treat whistleblowers unfavorably and requiring administrative organizations to respond to whistleblowers in an appropriate manner be added to the law.
あぜんとするが、内部告発者が守られていない現状を象徴する例だ。意見聴取に麻酔科医は「不利益な取り扱いをした事業者への罰則導入や内部告発を受けた行政機関の適正な対応の義務付け」を要望した。
The Whistleblower Protection Act prohibits employers from dismissing or demoting employees or cutting their wages in retaliation for blowing the whistle on wrongdoing, but has no punitive clause against violators. Therefore, whistleblowers who have been treated unfavorably by their employers have no choice but to sue their employers to have the damage redressed.
法は内部告発を理由にした解雇や降格、減給などを事業者に禁じているが、罰則規定はなく、不利益を受けた人は裁判に訴えない限り泣き寝入りになる。
The results of a survey that the Consumer Affairs Agency released last year show that 7 percent of whistleblowers or those who consulted their bosses or administrative organs about wrongdoing at their workplaces have been dismissed, and 21 percent have been unfavorably treated or harassed.
消費者庁が昨年公表した内部通報・相談経験者への調査では、解雇された人は７％、不利益を受けた人と嫌がらせを受けた人はともに２１％（複数回答）に上った。
Critics have expressed fears that the introduction of punitive clauses could encourage workers to blow the whistle with evil intent. However, some form of punishments should be introduced against businesses and administrative organs that violate the law.
罰則導入は悪意の告発を増やすと懸念する声もあるが、実態を考慮すれば、違反した事業者には何らかのペナルティーを科すことを検討すべきだ。
Problems involving administrative bodies that receive complaints from whistleblowers should be addressed. In at least one case, an administrative organization leaked the name of an employee who blew the whistle and the details of the worker's complaint to the company involved, allowing the firm to unfairly punish the whistleblower. As such, there have been calls for a clause to ban administrative bodies from leaking such information.
内部告発を受ける行政機関側の問題も見過ごせない。告発者の名前や告発内容が行政機関から事業者に筒抜けになり不利益処分を招いたケースがあり、漏えいを禁止する規定を法に新設するよう求める声もある。
There have been calls for the establishment of a third-party body to receive complaints from whistleblowers as administrative bodies often share a mutual interest with businesses. These opinions are worthy of consideration.
行政機関は事業者と利害が一致して当事者になりうるとの不信感が根強い。そのため告発を受け付ける別の窓口として独立した第三者機関の設置を要望する人もおり、こうした意見にも耳を傾けてほしい。
Whistleblowers tend to be viewed by their colleagues or employers as traitors.
内部告発者は、ややもすると組織の中で「裏切り者」とのそしりを受けかねない。
However, whistleblowing conducted in a fair manner could save the organizations they work for from an unfortunate predicament, and therefore whistleblowers should be protected.
しかし、正当な告発は組織の窮地を救う手がかりになる可能性があり、守るべき存在である。
毎日新聞 2014年08月18日 02時32分
Editorial: Strengthen system to protect whistleblowers
社説:内部告発者保護 不利益扱い防ぐ制度に
Many of those who have blown the whistle on wrongdoing involving their colleagues or employers have complained that they have been dismissed or transferred to unimportant divisions.
勤務している会社や役所の不正を知って内部告発したら、解雇や閑職に追いやられた。そんな訴えが後を絶たない。
The Whistleblower Protection Act came into force eight years ago, but the spirit of the legislation has not been sufficiently respected. The system to protect whistleblowers needs to be reinforced by amending the law or taking other effective measures to prevent those who try to correct an injustice from being treated unfavorably.
内部告発者を不利益に扱うことを禁じる公益通報者保護法が８年前に施行されたが、法の趣旨が十分に行き渡っているとはいえない。不正を正そうとした人が損をする本末転倒が生じないよう、法改正などによる制度の強化が必要だ。
The law is aimed at protecting workers, including public servants, who blow the whistle on criminal activities they witness at their workplaces to their employers or administrative organs. The Consumer Affairs Agency that enforces the law is hearing the views of experts and those who have experience of blowing the whistle in an effort to grasp the situation of whistleblowing and consider challenges that must be overcome.
公務員を含む労働者が勤め先での犯罪行為を事業者や行政機関などに内部告発しても保護されることをうたったのが同法だ。所管する消費者庁は現在、内部告発の実情把握と課題検討のため、関係者から意見聴取を進めている。先日は内部告発を理由に不利益処分を受けたとして裁判で争った人たちから意見を聞いた。
The agency has recently interviewed those who have sued their employers for being unfavorably treated at their workplaces in retaliation for blowing the whistle on wrongdoing. One of the victims, an anesthetist who worked at a public hospital, notified high-ranking officials of his workplace that a dentist who had no license as an anesthetist was anesthetizing patients and that a fatal blunder had occurred. However, he was relieved from his post and forced to resign from the hospital. He also blew the whistle to the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry. But the ministry dismissed his complaint on the grounds that "the Whistleblower Protection Act does not apply to retirees" and that "it is prefectural governments that are authorized by the law to receive complaints from whistleblowers and issue recommendations to or take punitive measures against offenders."
そのうち公立病院で働いていた麻酔科医は、資格のない歯科医が麻酔をしていることや死亡事故が起きていることを病院幹部に内部告発したが、業務から外され退職を余儀なくされた。さらに厚生労働省に内部告発したが「公益通報者保護法は退職者には適用されない」「法が通報先として認める処分・勧告権限のある行政機関は県になる」との理由で受け付けてもらえなかったという。
These examples have demonstrated that whistleblowers are not being protected despite the legislation. The anesthetist requested that clauses providing punishment against employers that treat whistleblowers unfavorably and requiring administrative organizations to respond to whistleblowers in an appropriate manner be added to the law.
あぜんとするが、内部告発者が守られていない現状を象徴する例だ。意見聴取に麻酔科医は「不利益な取り扱いをした事業者への罰則導入や内部告発を受けた行政機関の適正な対応の義務付け」を要望した。
The Whistleblower Protection Act prohibits employers from dismissing or demoting employees or cutting their wages in retaliation for blowing the whistle on wrongdoing, but has no punitive clause against violators. Therefore, whistleblowers who have been treated unfavorably by their employers have no choice but to sue their employers to have the damage redressed.
法は内部告発を理由にした解雇や降格、減給などを事業者に禁じているが、罰則規定はなく、不利益を受けた人は裁判に訴えない限り泣き寝入りになる。
The results of a survey that the Consumer Affairs Agency released last year show that 7 percent of whistleblowers or those who consulted their bosses or administrative organs about wrongdoing at their workplaces have been dismissed, and 21 percent have been unfavorably treated or harassed.
消費者庁が昨年公表した内部通報・相談経験者への調査では、解雇された人は７％、不利益を受けた人と嫌がらせを受けた人はともに２１％（複数回答）に上った。
Critics have expressed fears that the introduction of punitive clauses could encourage workers to blow the whistle with evil intent. However, some form of punishments should be introduced against businesses and administrative organs that violate the law.
罰則導入は悪意の告発を増やすと懸念する声もあるが、実態を考慮すれば、違反した事業者には何らかのペナルティーを科すことを検討すべきだ。
Problems involving administrative bodies that receive complaints from whistleblowers should be addressed. In at least one case, an administrative organization leaked the name of an employee who blew the whistle and the details of the worker's complaint to the company involved, allowing the firm to unfairly punish the whistleblower. As such, there have been calls for a clause to ban administrative bodies from leaking such information.
内部告発を受ける行政機関側の問題も見過ごせない。告発者の名前や告発内容が行政機関から事業者に筒抜けになり不利益処分を招いたケースがあり、漏えいを禁止する規定を法に新設するよう求める声もある。
There have been calls for the establishment of a third-party body to receive complaints from whistleblowers as administrative bodies often share a mutual interest with businesses. These opinions are worthy of consideration.
行政機関は事業者と利害が一致して当事者になりうるとの不信感が根強い。そのため告発を受け付ける別の窓口として独立した第三者機関の設置を要望する人もおり、こうした意見にも耳を傾けてほしい。
Whistleblowers tend to be viewed by their colleagues or employers as traitors.
内部告発者は、ややもすると組織の中で「裏切り者」とのそしりを受けかねない。
However, whistleblowing conducted in a fair manner could save the organizations they work for from an unfortunate predicament, and therefore whistleblowers should be protected.
しかし、正当な告発は組織の窮地を救う手がかりになる可能性があり、守るべき存在である。
毎日新聞 2014年08月18日 02時32分
2014年08月18日
社説:８・１５と日中韓 「歴史の衝突」回避せよ
August 16, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Japan must avoid conflict with China, S. Korea over historical perception
社説:８・１５と日中韓 「歴史の衝突」回避せよ
Japan commemorated the 69th anniversary of the end of World War II on Aug. 15 without resolving its conflicts with China and South Korea over historical perceptions and territorial issues. This is indeed regrettable.
６９回目の終戦記念日を、私たちは日中、日韓の歴史認識や領土を巡る対立を解消できないまま迎えた。極めて残念なことだ。
In some ways, changes in the power balance in East Asia stemming from the rise of China have created friction, but the leaders of the three countries are largely responsible for the conflicts.
対立の背景として、中国の台頭に伴う東アジアのパワーバランス（力関係）の変化が摩擦を生み出している面もあるが、３カ国の指導者の責任も大きい。
There are signs that Japan's bilateral relations with China and South Korea are beginning to improve as Japan-China and Japan-South Korea foreign ministerial talks have recently been held. These moves should lead to fundamental improvement in Tokyo's ties with Beijing and Seoul.
最近、日中、日韓それぞれに外相会談が開かれるなど、ようやく関係改善の兆しが出てきている。この流れを大事にしたい。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe refrained from visiting Yasukuni Shrine, where Class A war criminals are enshrined along with the war dead, on Aug. 15 this year. Instead, he sent a close aide to make a ritual offering to the shrine as president of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), while Internal Affairs and Communications Minister Yoshitaka Shindo and two other Cabinet ministers paid a visit to the shrine. The Chinese Foreign Ministry has issued a statement criticizing the prime minister and the three Cabinet ministers' acts.
安倍晋三首相は終戦記念日の１５日、靖国神社への参拝を見送り、自民党の萩生田光一総裁特別補佐を通じて党総裁として私費で玉串料を奉納した。閣僚では新藤義孝総務相ら３人が参拝した。中国外務省は、閣僚の参拝や首相の玉串料奉納を批判する談話を発表した。
Prime Minister Abe's decision not to visit the shrine on the anniversary of the war's end is appropriate. The last war was a reckless war of aggression. The prime minister apparently made the decision out of diplomatic considerations. The prime minister should not, however, visit the shrine where Class A war criminals -- or war leaders -- are enshrined in the first place.
首相の参拝見送りは妥当な判断だ。先の大戦は無謀な侵略戦争である。首相は外交的配慮から参拝を見送ったのだろうが、そもそも戦争指導者のＡ級戦犯がまつられた神社に首相が参拝すべきでない。
It is necessary to put an end to the controversy and diplomatic rows over the pros and cons of the prime minister and other high-ranking government officials visiting the shrine. Now is the time to seriously explore the possibility of separating war criminals from the war dead enshrined at Yasukuni or building a non-religious national memorial for the war dead, which has previously been discussed within the LDP.
靖国参拝の是非を巡る論争や外交的対立に終止符を打とう。自民党内でもかつて議論されたＡ級戦犯の分祀（ぶんし）や、新たな国立追悼施設の建設について、再び議論をおこし、真剣に検討すべき時だ。
For the second consecutive year, Abe stopped short of mentioning responsibility for Japan's wartime aggression in Asia or pledging not to wage war again, which could invite misunderstanding among Asian countries.
また首相は全国戦没者追悼式の式辞で、昨年に引き続き、アジア諸国に対する加害責任や「不戦の誓い」に触れなかった。アジア諸国から誤解を招きかねない。
In a speech marking the anniversary of Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule, South Korean President Park Geun-hye urged Japan to take proactive measures to settle the issue of so-called "comfort women" that can satisfy the victims by next year -- the 50th anniversary of the normalization of bilateral diplomatic relations.
一方、韓国の朴槿恵（パククネ）大統領は１５日、日本の植民地支配からの解放を祝う「光復節」式典の演説で、来年の日韓国交正常化５０周年までに、元慰安婦が納得できる解決策を示すよう日本政府に努力を求めた。
There is still a wide perception gap between Japan and South Korea over the issue. While Seoul is demanding that Japan admit the government's responsibility for conscripting Korean women to serve as comfort women for Japanese soldiers during the war, Tokyo has taken the position that the issue of compensation has been legally settled.
慰安婦問題では、韓国が国の責任を認めるよう求めているのに対し、日本は戦後補償問題は法的に解決済みとの立場で、隔たりは大きい。
It is necessary for Japan and South Korea to lead international efforts to settle the comfort women issue from the viewpoint that it is an issue of women's individual rights in wartime rather than just a bilateral issue.
日韓両国が、慰安婦問題を２国間だけの問題ととらえるのでなく、戦時下の女性の人権という広い視野に立ち、国際的な取り組みを主導することも必要だろう。
Japan should discuss with South Korea what Tokyo can do in terms of its humanitarian and ethical responsibility. South Korea should also refrain from excessively criticizing Japan and show its readiness to play a constructive role in settling the issue.
日本は人道的・道義的責任の観点から、さらに何ができるか、韓国とよく話し合うべきだ。韓国にも過剰な対日批判を慎み、問題解決に向けた建設的な姿勢を示すよう求めたい。
China should also refrain from using the history of Japan's wartime aggression to paint Japan as the bad guy on the international stage, or take any other provocative action in bilateral territorial disputes.
そして中国にも、歴史問題を日本批判の国際的な宣伝材料にすることや、領土を巡る挑発的行為をやめるよう求めたい。
The leaders of the three countries must try to avoid any conflict over historical perceptions or nationalism-fuelled clashes, and work toward improving relations as we approach 2015, which marks the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II.
３カ国の指導者は、歴史認識やナショナリズムの衝突を回避するよう努めなければならない。８月１５日にそのことを改めてそれぞれの胸に刻み、戦後７０年に向けて関係改善につなげてほしい。
毎日新聞 2014年08月16日 02時31分
Editorial: Japan must avoid conflict with China, S. Korea over historical perception
社説:８・１５と日中韓 「歴史の衝突」回避せよ
Japan commemorated the 69th anniversary of the end of World War II on Aug. 15 without resolving its conflicts with China and South Korea over historical perceptions and territorial issues. This is indeed regrettable.
６９回目の終戦記念日を、私たちは日中、日韓の歴史認識や領土を巡る対立を解消できないまま迎えた。極めて残念なことだ。
In some ways, changes in the power balance in East Asia stemming from the rise of China have created friction, but the leaders of the three countries are largely responsible for the conflicts.
対立の背景として、中国の台頭に伴う東アジアのパワーバランス（力関係）の変化が摩擦を生み出している面もあるが、３カ国の指導者の責任も大きい。
There are signs that Japan's bilateral relations with China and South Korea are beginning to improve as Japan-China and Japan-South Korea foreign ministerial talks have recently been held. These moves should lead to fundamental improvement in Tokyo's ties with Beijing and Seoul.
最近、日中、日韓それぞれに外相会談が開かれるなど、ようやく関係改善の兆しが出てきている。この流れを大事にしたい。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe refrained from visiting Yasukuni Shrine, where Class A war criminals are enshrined along with the war dead, on Aug. 15 this year. Instead, he sent a close aide to make a ritual offering to the shrine as president of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), while Internal Affairs and Communications Minister Yoshitaka Shindo and two other Cabinet ministers paid a visit to the shrine. The Chinese Foreign Ministry has issued a statement criticizing the prime minister and the three Cabinet ministers' acts.
安倍晋三首相は終戦記念日の１５日、靖国神社への参拝を見送り、自民党の萩生田光一総裁特別補佐を通じて党総裁として私費で玉串料を奉納した。閣僚では新藤義孝総務相ら３人が参拝した。中国外務省は、閣僚の参拝や首相の玉串料奉納を批判する談話を発表した。
Prime Minister Abe's decision not to visit the shrine on the anniversary of the war's end is appropriate. The last war was a reckless war of aggression. The prime minister apparently made the decision out of diplomatic considerations. The prime minister should not, however, visit the shrine where Class A war criminals -- or war leaders -- are enshrined in the first place.
首相の参拝見送りは妥当な判断だ。先の大戦は無謀な侵略戦争である。首相は外交的配慮から参拝を見送ったのだろうが、そもそも戦争指導者のＡ級戦犯がまつられた神社に首相が参拝すべきでない。
It is necessary to put an end to the controversy and diplomatic rows over the pros and cons of the prime minister and other high-ranking government officials visiting the shrine. Now is the time to seriously explore the possibility of separating war criminals from the war dead enshrined at Yasukuni or building a non-religious national memorial for the war dead, which has previously been discussed within the LDP.
靖国参拝の是非を巡る論争や外交的対立に終止符を打とう。自民党内でもかつて議論されたＡ級戦犯の分祀（ぶんし）や、新たな国立追悼施設の建設について、再び議論をおこし、真剣に検討すべき時だ。
For the second consecutive year, Abe stopped short of mentioning responsibility for Japan's wartime aggression in Asia or pledging not to wage war again, which could invite misunderstanding among Asian countries.
また首相は全国戦没者追悼式の式辞で、昨年に引き続き、アジア諸国に対する加害責任や「不戦の誓い」に触れなかった。アジア諸国から誤解を招きかねない。
In a speech marking the anniversary of Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule, South Korean President Park Geun-hye urged Japan to take proactive measures to settle the issue of so-called "comfort women" that can satisfy the victims by next year -- the 50th anniversary of the normalization of bilateral diplomatic relations.
一方、韓国の朴槿恵（パククネ）大統領は１５日、日本の植民地支配からの解放を祝う「光復節」式典の演説で、来年の日韓国交正常化５０周年までに、元慰安婦が納得できる解決策を示すよう日本政府に努力を求めた。
There is still a wide perception gap between Japan and South Korea over the issue. While Seoul is demanding that Japan admit the government's responsibility for conscripting Korean women to serve as comfort women for Japanese soldiers during the war, Tokyo has taken the position that the issue of compensation has been legally settled.
慰安婦問題では、韓国が国の責任を認めるよう求めているのに対し、日本は戦後補償問題は法的に解決済みとの立場で、隔たりは大きい。
It is necessary for Japan and South Korea to lead international efforts to settle the comfort women issue from the viewpoint that it is an issue of women's individual rights in wartime rather than just a bilateral issue.
日韓両国が、慰安婦問題を２国間だけの問題ととらえるのでなく、戦時下の女性の人権という広い視野に立ち、国際的な取り組みを主導することも必要だろう。
Japan should discuss with South Korea what Tokyo can do in terms of its humanitarian and ethical responsibility. South Korea should also refrain from excessively criticizing Japan and show its readiness to play a constructive role in settling the issue.
日本は人道的・道義的責任の観点から、さらに何ができるか、韓国とよく話し合うべきだ。韓国にも過剰な対日批判を慎み、問題解決に向けた建設的な姿勢を示すよう求めたい。
China should also refrain from using the history of Japan's wartime aggression to paint Japan as the bad guy on the international stage, or take any other provocative action in bilateral territorial disputes.
そして中国にも、歴史問題を日本批判の国際的な宣伝材料にすることや、領土を巡る挑発的行為をやめるよう求めたい。
The leaders of the three countries must try to avoid any conflict over historical perceptions or nationalism-fuelled clashes, and work toward improving relations as we approach 2015, which marks the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II.
３カ国の指導者は、歴史認識やナショナリズムの衝突を回避するよう努めなければならない。８月１５日にそのことを改めてそれぞれの胸に刻み、戦後７０年に向けて関係改善につなげてほしい。
毎日新聞 2014年08月16日 02時31分
2014年08月17日
社説:８・１５と戦争 記憶の継承の担い手に
これは驚きました。
毎日の英文翻訳が格段に進歩！
英語学習でつかえます。
（スラチャイ）
August 15, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Pass on lessons of war to future generations
社説:８・１５と戦争 記憶の継承の担い手に
The Aug. 15 anniversary of the end of World War II is the anniversary of surrender for Japanese people.
終戦記念日の８月１５日は、正確には敗戦の日である。
Japan, which invaded China and launched a surprise attack on the United States, was defeated exactly 69 years ago, although Japanese leaders said all 100 million Japanese were prepared to die an honorable death.
中国を侵略し、米国を奇襲攻撃した日本は、６９年前のこの日、一億玉砕を叫びながら万策尽き果て、降伏した。
This reckless war left 3.1 million Japanese nationals dead. In all of Asia, the number of victims is believed to surpass 20 million.
無謀な戦争による犠牲者は、日本人だけで３１０万人、アジアでは２０００万人以上にのぼるとされる。
Every August, many newspapers run articles featuring the war.
８月になると、新聞に戦争を振り返る特集が増える。
This tendency is occasionally ridiculed as journalism limited to August.
夏だけの「８月ジャーナリズム」とやゆされたりするが、
However, on Aug. 15 each year it is an indispensable ritual to quietly mourn war victims both in Japan and overseas and deeply consider war and peace.
８・１５が巡ってくるたび、内外の死者を静かに追悼し、戦争と平和について深く思いを致すのは、欠かせない儀礼である。
◇人を人でなくすもの
Next year marks the 70th anniversary of the end of the war.
来年は戦後７０年の節目だ。
Those born after the war account for 80 percent of all Japanese nationals, and an overwhelming majority of those who experienced the war are in their 80s to 90s.
戦後生まれの日本人が人口の８割を占め、戦争をじかに知る人は、大半が８０代から９０代の高齢者である。
The memory of the war is gradually fading among Japanese people, and there are tendencies to regard wars as if they were games and describe the last war in a nostalgic tone.
国民の記憶の中で戦争が風化し、戦争をゲーム感覚で考えたり、戦争への郷愁を口にしたりする風潮さえも、見受けられるようになった。
No time should be wasted.
残された時は少ない。
It is an urgent task to hand over the memory of the war to future generations to prevent a recurrence of the same mistakes.
戦争の記憶の継承は、未来を再び過たせないための、喫緊の課題だ。
Even those who did not experience World War II can visualize the war through the words of those who experienced the tragedy and through literary works featuring the war.
戦争を知らない世代でも、戦争体験者の語る言葉や書き残したもの、文学作品などを通じ、戦争の姿を思い描くことはできる。
Novelist Shohei Ooka channeled his experience of the last war into literary works, such as "Furyoki" ("Taken Captive: A Japanese POW's Story") and "Leyte Senki" ("The Battle of Leyte Gulf").
フィリピンでの戦争体験を「俘虜記」「レイテ戦記」などの文学に昇華させた大岡昇平は
In his book, "Sendo" ("War"), published by Iwanami Shoten Publishers, he wrote, "As a soldier and someone who experienced the war, I'd like to talk forever about how tragic war is."
「兵士として、戦争の経験を持つ人間として、戦争がいかに不幸なことであるかを、いつまでも語りたい」と書いた（「戦争」岩波現代文庫）。
It is important for each and every member of the public to respect his resolve and to pass on how stupid wars are to future generations.
その心情を受け止め、一人一人が記憶の継承の担い手となって、戦争の愚かさを伝えていくことが大切だ。
Former Okinawa Gov. Masahide Ota, who fought in the war as part of student mobilization, has collected photos of various wars in the world and reminded the public of the cruelty of wars.
学徒動員で沖縄戦を戦った元沖縄県知事の大田昌秀さんは、世界のさまざまな戦争の写真を集め、その残虐さを告発してきた。
Ota inserted photos of a soldier being beheaded, a child who was stabbed in the stomach, a charred woman and other cruel scenes into a book titled, "Ningen-ga Ningen-de Nakunaru Toki" ("When humans become non-humans"). 首をはねられる兵士、腹を裂かれた子供、焼け焦げた女性。目を背けたくなるような写真の数々を「人間が人間でなくなるとき」という題の記録集にまとめた大田さんは、
In the book, Ota writes, "It is necessary to confirm that we, individuals, cannot only be easily turned into 'non-humans' depending on the situation, but can also turn others into non-humans."
次のように記している。「私たち個々人は、時と場合によっては、自らが容易に『非人間化』されてしまう存在であるばかりでなく、他人をも非人間化してしまう存在だということを確認する必要がある」
Wars are nothing but absurdity that turn humans into non-humans and madness that tramples down the dignity of lives.
戦争は、まさに「人間を人間でなくす」不条理であり、命の尊厳を踏みにじる狂気である。
The novel, "All Quiet on the Western Front," authored by German novelist Erich Maria Remarque, known for his antiwar literature and works describing World War I, ends after notifying its readers of the death of protagonist Paul Baeumer.
第一次世界大戦を描いた反戦文学として名高いレマルクの「西部戦線異状なし」は、主人公のドイツ人志願兵パウル・ボイメルの死を、読む者に知らせて終わる。
Remarque, a World War I veteran, wrote in the work's last scene that it was so quiet and calm on the western front that a command post had nothing to say but "All quiet on the western front. There is nothing to report."
ドイツ出身で、自ら第一次大戦に従軍した作者レマルクは、最後の場面を「その日は全戦線にわたって、きわめて穏やかで静かで、司令部報告は『西部戦線異状なし、報告すべき件なし』という文句に尽きているくらいであった」（新潮文庫版・秦豊吉訳）と描写した。
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the beginning of World War I. Up to 15 million people are believed to have died in the war. In other words, in the history of that war, there are 15 million people who perished and were buried, just like Baeumer.
第一次大戦の開戦から今年で１００年。死者は最大で１５００万人とされている。ボイメル志願兵も、歴史の片隅に埋もれていった、１５００万分の１人だった。
In the Pacific War, a massive U.S. airstrike on Tokyo left 100,000 people dead on a single night.
太平洋戦争では、米軍の東京大空襲により、一晩で１０万人が犠牲になった。
The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killed over 200,000 people.
原爆は広島、長崎で２０万人以上の命を奪った。
There were numerous other air raids on Japanese cities.
ほかにも無数の都市爆撃があった。
Poet Zenmaro Toki composed a poem that reads, "There were reportedly hundreds, or even thousands of abandoned bodies. None of them had two lives."
土岐善麿は、日中戦争をこう詠んだ。「遺棄死体 数百といひ数千といふ いのちをふたつ もちしものなし」
◇加害の責任も忘れず
Tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of precious lives could be lost instantly in any war.
かけがえのない「生」の集積が、何万、何十万の犠牲である。
Having a rich imagination of such a tragedy can lead to true mourning of the war dead.
その想像力を持つことが、戦死者を追悼するという行為である。
If so, we must keep in mind that a massive number of Asian people fell victim to the Japanese military in the last war.
であるなら、日本軍の犠牲になった、おびただしい数のアジアの死者も忘れてはならない。
The victims of the Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War are spread throughout Asia.
日中戦争、太平洋戦争の犠牲者はアジア全体に広がる。
There is no difference between countries and regions in the degree of absurdity and cruelty of war.
戦争の不条理と戦死の痛ましさに、国境はない。
Such being the case, it is the duty of Japan, which caused immeasurable human suffering and damage to property in Asia, to equally mourn Japanese and other war victims.
内外の死者を等しく追悼する誠実さを身に備えることは、アジアに計り知れない人的、物的被害を与えた日本の、当然の務めだ。
Any war causes a rift between countries involved and instills feelings of hate.
戦争は、国と国を長きにわたって不和にし、憎しみの感情を植えつける。
While those who wage war tend to forget their memory of causing damage to their victims, the victims keep their memory of suffering forever.
加害の記憶がともすれば忘れられがちなのに対し、被害の記憶はずっと残る。
Japan's deep-rooted row with China and South Korea over the interpretation of history involving Japan's wartime atrocities has raised questions as to how countries that wage war and victims should hand over their bitter memories to future generations.
中国や韓国との根深い歴史対立は、加害者と被害者が、それぞれの歴史の記憶をどう継承していくかの摩擦でもある。
How to remember what has historically happened may differ from country to country. But a conflict over the matter must not cover up the tragedy of war.
歴史の記憶の仕方は、国によって異なるかもしれない。だが、その対立が、戦争の悲惨さを覆い隠すことになってはならない。
Ongoing discussions on reinterpreting the war-renouncing Constitution to open the way for Japan to exercise the right to collective self-defense have called into question the pros and cons of using force.
今、集団的自衛権の論議で、武力行使のあり方が問われている。
There are wars to counter acts of aggression and unavoidable wars that must be fought for humanitarian purposes. 戦争には侵略に対抗する戦争も、人道支援が目的の、やむをえない戦争もある。
Having a military deterrence is necessary to maintain peace.
軍事的抑止力を持つことは、平和のためにも必要だ。
However, wars cause cruel bruises and leave a negative legacy to countries involved and their people, regardless of how they start or end.
ただし、どのように始められ、どのように終わったとしても、戦争は国家と国民にむごたらしい傷と、負の遺産をもたらす。
This is the reality of any war.
それが戦争の現実である。
The phrase, "use of force," should not be easily mentioned without deeply thinking about its meaning.
武力行使という言葉は、深く考えないままに、安易に使われるべきものではない。
Almost everyone throughout the world certainly hopes that they will not experience a tragedy similar to World War II. 二度とあのような戦争は経験したくない、というのが、ほとんどの国民の願いだろう。
Each and every member of the public should keep in mind the ugliness and cruelty of war in discussing how to ensure peace.
平和を論ずるにあたっては、戦争の醜さと残酷さを、常に原点に置きたい。
毎日新聞 2014年08月15日 02時30分
毎日の英文翻訳が格段に進歩！
英語学習でつかえます。
（スラチャイ）
August 15, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Pass on lessons of war to future generations
社説:８・１５と戦争 記憶の継承の担い手に
The Aug. 15 anniversary of the end of World War II is the anniversary of surrender for Japanese people.
終戦記念日の８月１５日は、正確には敗戦の日である。
Japan, which invaded China and launched a surprise attack on the United States, was defeated exactly 69 years ago, although Japanese leaders said all 100 million Japanese were prepared to die an honorable death.
中国を侵略し、米国を奇襲攻撃した日本は、６９年前のこの日、一億玉砕を叫びながら万策尽き果て、降伏した。
This reckless war left 3.1 million Japanese nationals dead. In all of Asia, the number of victims is believed to surpass 20 million.
無謀な戦争による犠牲者は、日本人だけで３１０万人、アジアでは２０００万人以上にのぼるとされる。
Every August, many newspapers run articles featuring the war.
８月になると、新聞に戦争を振り返る特集が増える。
This tendency is occasionally ridiculed as journalism limited to August.
夏だけの「８月ジャーナリズム」とやゆされたりするが、
However, on Aug. 15 each year it is an indispensable ritual to quietly mourn war victims both in Japan and overseas and deeply consider war and peace.
８・１５が巡ってくるたび、内外の死者を静かに追悼し、戦争と平和について深く思いを致すのは、欠かせない儀礼である。
◇人を人でなくすもの
Next year marks the 70th anniversary of the end of the war.
来年は戦後７０年の節目だ。
Those born after the war account for 80 percent of all Japanese nationals, and an overwhelming majority of those who experienced the war are in their 80s to 90s.
戦後生まれの日本人が人口の８割を占め、戦争をじかに知る人は、大半が８０代から９０代の高齢者である。
The memory of the war is gradually fading among Japanese people, and there are tendencies to regard wars as if they were games and describe the last war in a nostalgic tone.
国民の記憶の中で戦争が風化し、戦争をゲーム感覚で考えたり、戦争への郷愁を口にしたりする風潮さえも、見受けられるようになった。
No time should be wasted.
残された時は少ない。
It is an urgent task to hand over the memory of the war to future generations to prevent a recurrence of the same mistakes.
戦争の記憶の継承は、未来を再び過たせないための、喫緊の課題だ。
Even those who did not experience World War II can visualize the war through the words of those who experienced the tragedy and through literary works featuring the war.
戦争を知らない世代でも、戦争体験者の語る言葉や書き残したもの、文学作品などを通じ、戦争の姿を思い描くことはできる。
Novelist Shohei Ooka channeled his experience of the last war into literary works, such as "Furyoki" ("Taken Captive: A Japanese POW's Story") and "Leyte Senki" ("The Battle of Leyte Gulf").
フィリピンでの戦争体験を「俘虜記」「レイテ戦記」などの文学に昇華させた大岡昇平は
In his book, "Sendo" ("War"), published by Iwanami Shoten Publishers, he wrote, "As a soldier and someone who experienced the war, I'd like to talk forever about how tragic war is."
「兵士として、戦争の経験を持つ人間として、戦争がいかに不幸なことであるかを、いつまでも語りたい」と書いた（「戦争」岩波現代文庫）。
It is important for each and every member of the public to respect his resolve and to pass on how stupid wars are to future generations.
その心情を受け止め、一人一人が記憶の継承の担い手となって、戦争の愚かさを伝えていくことが大切だ。
Former Okinawa Gov. Masahide Ota, who fought in the war as part of student mobilization, has collected photos of various wars in the world and reminded the public of the cruelty of wars.
学徒動員で沖縄戦を戦った元沖縄県知事の大田昌秀さんは、世界のさまざまな戦争の写真を集め、その残虐さを告発してきた。
Ota inserted photos of a soldier being beheaded, a child who was stabbed in the stomach, a charred woman and other cruel scenes into a book titled, "Ningen-ga Ningen-de Nakunaru Toki" ("When humans become non-humans"). 首をはねられる兵士、腹を裂かれた子供、焼け焦げた女性。目を背けたくなるような写真の数々を「人間が人間でなくなるとき」という題の記録集にまとめた大田さんは、
In the book, Ota writes, "It is necessary to confirm that we, individuals, cannot only be easily turned into 'non-humans' depending on the situation, but can also turn others into non-humans."
次のように記している。「私たち個々人は、時と場合によっては、自らが容易に『非人間化』されてしまう存在であるばかりでなく、他人をも非人間化してしまう存在だということを確認する必要がある」
Wars are nothing but absurdity that turn humans into non-humans and madness that tramples down the dignity of lives.
戦争は、まさに「人間を人間でなくす」不条理であり、命の尊厳を踏みにじる狂気である。
The novel, "All Quiet on the Western Front," authored by German novelist Erich Maria Remarque, known for his antiwar literature and works describing World War I, ends after notifying its readers of the death of protagonist Paul Baeumer.
第一次世界大戦を描いた反戦文学として名高いレマルクの「西部戦線異状なし」は、主人公のドイツ人志願兵パウル・ボイメルの死を、読む者に知らせて終わる。
Remarque, a World War I veteran, wrote in the work's last scene that it was so quiet and calm on the western front that a command post had nothing to say but "All quiet on the western front. There is nothing to report."
ドイツ出身で、自ら第一次大戦に従軍した作者レマルクは、最後の場面を「その日は全戦線にわたって、きわめて穏やかで静かで、司令部報告は『西部戦線異状なし、報告すべき件なし』という文句に尽きているくらいであった」（新潮文庫版・秦豊吉訳）と描写した。
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the beginning of World War I. Up to 15 million people are believed to have died in the war. In other words, in the history of that war, there are 15 million people who perished and were buried, just like Baeumer.
第一次大戦の開戦から今年で１００年。死者は最大で１５００万人とされている。ボイメル志願兵も、歴史の片隅に埋もれていった、１５００万分の１人だった。
In the Pacific War, a massive U.S. airstrike on Tokyo left 100,000 people dead on a single night.
太平洋戦争では、米軍の東京大空襲により、一晩で１０万人が犠牲になった。
The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killed over 200,000 people.
原爆は広島、長崎で２０万人以上の命を奪った。
There were numerous other air raids on Japanese cities.
ほかにも無数の都市爆撃があった。
Poet Zenmaro Toki composed a poem that reads, "There were reportedly hundreds, or even thousands of abandoned bodies. None of them had two lives."
土岐善麿は、日中戦争をこう詠んだ。「遺棄死体 数百といひ数千といふ いのちをふたつ もちしものなし」
◇加害の責任も忘れず
Tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of precious lives could be lost instantly in any war.
かけがえのない「生」の集積が、何万、何十万の犠牲である。
Having a rich imagination of such a tragedy can lead to true mourning of the war dead.
その想像力を持つことが、戦死者を追悼するという行為である。
If so, we must keep in mind that a massive number of Asian people fell victim to the Japanese military in the last war.
であるなら、日本軍の犠牲になった、おびただしい数のアジアの死者も忘れてはならない。
The victims of the Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War are spread throughout Asia.
日中戦争、太平洋戦争の犠牲者はアジア全体に広がる。
There is no difference between countries and regions in the degree of absurdity and cruelty of war.
戦争の不条理と戦死の痛ましさに、国境はない。
Such being the case, it is the duty of Japan, which caused immeasurable human suffering and damage to property in Asia, to equally mourn Japanese and other war victims.
内外の死者を等しく追悼する誠実さを身に備えることは、アジアに計り知れない人的、物的被害を与えた日本の、当然の務めだ。
Any war causes a rift between countries involved and instills feelings of hate.
戦争は、国と国を長きにわたって不和にし、憎しみの感情を植えつける。
While those who wage war tend to forget their memory of causing damage to their victims, the victims keep their memory of suffering forever.
加害の記憶がともすれば忘れられがちなのに対し、被害の記憶はずっと残る。
Japan's deep-rooted row with China and South Korea over the interpretation of history involving Japan's wartime atrocities has raised questions as to how countries that wage war and victims should hand over their bitter memories to future generations.
中国や韓国との根深い歴史対立は、加害者と被害者が、それぞれの歴史の記憶をどう継承していくかの摩擦でもある。
How to remember what has historically happened may differ from country to country. But a conflict over the matter must not cover up the tragedy of war.
歴史の記憶の仕方は、国によって異なるかもしれない。だが、その対立が、戦争の悲惨さを覆い隠すことになってはならない。
Ongoing discussions on reinterpreting the war-renouncing Constitution to open the way for Japan to exercise the right to collective self-defense have called into question the pros and cons of using force.
今、集団的自衛権の論議で、武力行使のあり方が問われている。
There are wars to counter acts of aggression and unavoidable wars that must be fought for humanitarian purposes. 戦争には侵略に対抗する戦争も、人道支援が目的の、やむをえない戦争もある。
Having a military deterrence is necessary to maintain peace.
軍事的抑止力を持つことは、平和のためにも必要だ。
However, wars cause cruel bruises and leave a negative legacy to countries involved and their people, regardless of how they start or end.
ただし、どのように始められ、どのように終わったとしても、戦争は国家と国民にむごたらしい傷と、負の遺産をもたらす。
This is the reality of any war.
それが戦争の現実である。
The phrase, "use of force," should not be easily mentioned without deeply thinking about its meaning.
武力行使という言葉は、深く考えないままに、安易に使われるべきものではない。
Almost everyone throughout the world certainly hopes that they will not experience a tragedy similar to World War II. 二度とあのような戦争は経験したくない、というのが、ほとんどの国民の願いだろう。
Each and every member of the public should keep in mind the ugliness and cruelty of war in discussing how to ensure peace.
平和を論ずるにあたっては、戦争の醜さと残酷さを、常に原点に置きたい。
毎日新聞 2014年08月15日 02時30分
2014年08月12日
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:尊重し合う心がなければ ／東京
July 13, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Respect and a bit of consideration
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:尊重し合う心がなければ ／東京
There happens to be a charity event in Japan that I have held alongside figures including the young monk Daiki Nakashita, who is known for activities to prevent people from dying alone. A central part of this event is a talk including author Karin Amamiya, Makoto Yuasa, who is known for anti-poverty activities, and Yasuyuki Shimizu, who is involved in work to curb suicide.
「孤立死」を防ぐ見守り活動などで知られる若き僧侶の中下大樹さんらと継続して行っているチャリティーイベントがある。作家の雨宮処凛さん、反貧困の活動で知られる湯浅誠さん、自殺対策活動の清水康之さんとのトークが中心だ。
This time, we decided to invite a guest: Masaaki Odaka, a specialist in neurological and internal medicine at Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital in Fukushima Prefecture.
今回はゲストを呼ぼうということになり、南相馬市立総合病院の神経内科医・小鷹昌明さんに来ていただいた。タイトルは「原発に一番近い病院から」。それがまさに小鷹氏の職場なのだ。
Using lots of photos, Odaka described the situation at his hospital and the state of recovery in Minamisoma, one of the areas hit hard by the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami and the ensuing nuclear disaster.
たくさんの写真を使って病院の現状、南相馬市の復興の様子などを説明しながら、
"I don't want people to forget Fukushima, but at the same time, it's a problem for people to deliberately stress the dangers of radiation, because that's where we've decided to live," he said.
小鷹氏は「福島を忘れてほしくはないけれど、ことさら放射能の危険さを強調されるのもまた問題だ。私たちはそこに住むことを選択したのだから」と言った。
So what kind of stance should people who live in other areas take?
では外部の人間は、どういう態度を取ればよいのだろう。
"They should realize that people are living there and be considerate in what they say," Odaka says with a smile.
その点について小鷹氏は「住んでいる人もいると想像し、言葉などに配慮してくれればいいんです」と笑顔で述べた。
"That makes sense," I thought. "If I say such and such, what will the other party think? If I were in their shoes, how would I feel?" Taking this kind of approach, we can become naturally considerate in our choice of words.
なるほど、と思った。「私がいまこう言ったら、言われた側はどう思うかな。もし私だったらどう感じるかな」と想像さえすれば、自然に言葉の選び方にも配慮が生まれるはずだ。
It's not simply a case of being able to make up guidelines which tell us, "This word is all right; that one isn't."
「この単語はオーケー」「これはダメ」などとガイドラインを作れるようなものではない。
Recently, more people struggle to perform the simple tasks of thinking about how the other person feels and being appropriately considerate.
最近、こういった「相手の気持ちを想像する」「そして配慮する」という、とてもシンプルなことが苦手な人が増えている。
When I went to a bookstore, I was surprised to see a corner of books that listed up the problems and faults of other countries, criticizing them and making fun of them with strong language.
書店に行くと、日本以外の国の欠点や問題点をあげつらねて、強い言い方で非難したり笑いものにしたりするような本のコーナーができていて驚く。
If I went overseas and visited a bookstore only to find books that heaped abuse on Japan, how would I feel?
もし自分が外国に出かけ、立ち寄った書店に「日本をののしる本」が並んでいたらどう思うか。
Picturing this kind of situation should produce a level of consideration for the other party, even when saying something that needs to be said firmly.
そう想像してみれば、たとえ毅然（きぜん）として言うべきことは言う場合でも相手への一定の配慮が生まれるはずではないか。
Some people might respond, "The other party pays no consideration to me, so there's no need for me to do that." 「向こうがこちらに配慮しないのだからその必要はない」と言う人もいるが、
But surely we have never witnessed a time in history or in our daily lives when "an eye for an eye" has been able to prevent a quarrel or conflict.
「目には目を」がいさかいや争いを抑えたことが、歴史上でも日常生活でも一度だってあるだろうか。
I think the reason human society has been able to continue in some way or other is because people have held on to the attitude, "It's not easy, but let's make an effort to respect each other's feelings and position."
「実際にはなかなかむずかしいけれど、お互いの気持ちや立場を尊重する努力はしよう」という気持ちを手放さなかったからこそ人間社会はなんとか続いてきたのだと思う。
"That's hard for you." "You've got it tough, too."
「たいへんですね」「そちらこそ」。
Rather than coming out swinging, it's important to adopt a stance that pays consideration to the other person, and encourages consideration.
ただ強気に出るのではなく、相手に配慮する姿勢、配慮を促す姿勢が大切。
And this should apply to any issue, whether it be Fukushima or international society, or even when thinking about diplomacy and security.
福島でも国際社会でも外交や安全保障を考える上でも、それは同じであるはずだ。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
（精神科医）
毎日新聞 2014年07月08日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Respect and a bit of consideration
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:尊重し合う心がなければ ／東京
There happens to be a charity event in Japan that I have held alongside figures including the young monk Daiki Nakashita, who is known for activities to prevent people from dying alone. A central part of this event is a talk including author Karin Amamiya, Makoto Yuasa, who is known for anti-poverty activities, and Yasuyuki Shimizu, who is involved in work to curb suicide.
「孤立死」を防ぐ見守り活動などで知られる若き僧侶の中下大樹さんらと継続して行っているチャリティーイベントがある。作家の雨宮処凛さん、反貧困の活動で知られる湯浅誠さん、自殺対策活動の清水康之さんとのトークが中心だ。
This time, we decided to invite a guest: Masaaki Odaka, a specialist in neurological and internal medicine at Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital in Fukushima Prefecture.
今回はゲストを呼ぼうということになり、南相馬市立総合病院の神経内科医・小鷹昌明さんに来ていただいた。タイトルは「原発に一番近い病院から」。それがまさに小鷹氏の職場なのだ。
Using lots of photos, Odaka described the situation at his hospital and the state of recovery in Minamisoma, one of the areas hit hard by the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami and the ensuing nuclear disaster.
たくさんの写真を使って病院の現状、南相馬市の復興の様子などを説明しながら、
"I don't want people to forget Fukushima, but at the same time, it's a problem for people to deliberately stress the dangers of radiation, because that's where we've decided to live," he said.
小鷹氏は「福島を忘れてほしくはないけれど、ことさら放射能の危険さを強調されるのもまた問題だ。私たちはそこに住むことを選択したのだから」と言った。
So what kind of stance should people who live in other areas take?
では外部の人間は、どういう態度を取ればよいのだろう。
"They should realize that people are living there and be considerate in what they say," Odaka says with a smile.
その点について小鷹氏は「住んでいる人もいると想像し、言葉などに配慮してくれればいいんです」と笑顔で述べた。
"That makes sense," I thought. "If I say such and such, what will the other party think? If I were in their shoes, how would I feel?" Taking this kind of approach, we can become naturally considerate in our choice of words.
なるほど、と思った。「私がいまこう言ったら、言われた側はどう思うかな。もし私だったらどう感じるかな」と想像さえすれば、自然に言葉の選び方にも配慮が生まれるはずだ。
It's not simply a case of being able to make up guidelines which tell us, "This word is all right; that one isn't."
「この単語はオーケー」「これはダメ」などとガイドラインを作れるようなものではない。
Recently, more people struggle to perform the simple tasks of thinking about how the other person feels and being appropriately considerate.
最近、こういった「相手の気持ちを想像する」「そして配慮する」という、とてもシンプルなことが苦手な人が増えている。
When I went to a bookstore, I was surprised to see a corner of books that listed up the problems and faults of other countries, criticizing them and making fun of them with strong language.
書店に行くと、日本以外の国の欠点や問題点をあげつらねて、強い言い方で非難したり笑いものにしたりするような本のコーナーができていて驚く。
If I went overseas and visited a bookstore only to find books that heaped abuse on Japan, how would I feel?
もし自分が外国に出かけ、立ち寄った書店に「日本をののしる本」が並んでいたらどう思うか。
Picturing this kind of situation should produce a level of consideration for the other party, even when saying something that needs to be said firmly.
そう想像してみれば、たとえ毅然（きぜん）として言うべきことは言う場合でも相手への一定の配慮が生まれるはずではないか。
Some people might respond, "The other party pays no consideration to me, so there's no need for me to do that." 「向こうがこちらに配慮しないのだからその必要はない」と言う人もいるが、
But surely we have never witnessed a time in history or in our daily lives when "an eye for an eye" has been able to prevent a quarrel or conflict.
「目には目を」がいさかいや争いを抑えたことが、歴史上でも日常生活でも一度だってあるだろうか。
I think the reason human society has been able to continue in some way or other is because people have held on to the attitude, "It's not easy, but let's make an effort to respect each other's feelings and position."
「実際にはなかなかむずかしいけれど、お互いの気持ちや立場を尊重する努力はしよう」という気持ちを手放さなかったからこそ人間社会はなんとか続いてきたのだと思う。
"That's hard for you." "You've got it tough, too."
「たいへんですね」「そちらこそ」。
Rather than coming out swinging, it's important to adopt a stance that pays consideration to the other person, and encourages consideration.
ただ強気に出るのではなく、相手に配慮する姿勢、配慮を促す姿勢が大切。
And this should apply to any issue, whether it be Fukushima or international society, or even when thinking about diplomacy and security.
福島でも国際社会でも外交や安全保障を考える上でも、それは同じであるはずだ。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
（精神科医）
毎日新聞 2014年07月08日 地方版
2014年07月08日
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:使用一瞬、依存一生 ／東京
July 06, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Addiction recovery can take a lifetime
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:使用一瞬、依存一生 ／東京
A man recently drove his SUV onto a sidewalk in Tokyo's Ikebukuro area, leaving a woman dead and seven others injured. The man has admitted to purchasing and smoking a so-called "legal loophole herb," and it is believed that he was under its influence when he caused the crash. What he did is unforgivable.
東京・池袋で車が暴走し、８人が死傷する事件が起きた。運転していた男性は「脱法ハーブ」を購入して使用していたことを認めており、暴走はその影響と考えられている。許されない話だ。
Although the substance is called an herb, it is no simple plant concoction. These drugs, which are not technically illegal, are made of leaves processed with chemicals, resulting in a product with effects similar to those of stimulants and marijuana. Most of these chemicals were first developed for medical uses including as pain killers for people with cancer or other diseases.
「ハーブ」という名前はついているが決して植物性のものではなく、覚醒剤や大麻と似た作用のある化学物質を植物のかけらにまぶしたりした加工製品である。それら化学物質の多くはがんの鎮痛など当初は医療用に開発されたものが不法な経路で流出し、加工されて売られているのだ。
Some people try them out thinking they are made of natural ingredients and that they are simply relaxing, but the chemicals with which these leaves are laced are strong. Examples of these drugs' symptoms include hyperactivity, hallucinations, tremors, nausea and disorientation. Repeated use may cause chronic psychological illnesses, and those who become addicted to the substances oftentimes end up destroying their lives. The strength of these loophole drugs and the horror they can cause are incompatible with the deceptively innocuous term "herb."
あたかもリラックス効果のある安心な天然素材というイメージで手を出す人もいるようだが、含まれる成分は非常に強力だ。摂取してすぐの急性症状としては興奮、幻覚、けいれんや嘔吐（おうと）、意識障害などが起き、頻回の使用で慢性の精神病状態に陥ったり、心身の依存が形成されて手を切れなくなったりして人生が崩壊してしまうケースも少なくない。その強烈さと恐ろしさは一般の「ハーブ」のイメージとはほど遠い。
The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has designated over 1,300 chemicals as harmful drugs and bans the use and possession of such substances like marijuana and stimulants. However, the ministry is having a hard time keeping up with new chemicals that evade existing regulations and controlling the circulation of new substances.
厚生労働省はこれまで１３００種以上の化学物質を有害な「指定薬物」として覚醒剤や大麻と同様に所持や使用を禁止しているが、それをすり抜けるかのように新しい化学物質が出回り、取り締まりが困難となっている。
There used to be a road safety ad that went, "It only takes a moment to pay attention, but it takes a whole lifetime to recover from a car accident." When I see patients suffering from the aftereffects of addiction to these "herbs," I'm reminded of that ad and always think, "It only takes a moment to take a drug, but it takes whole lifetime to recover from addiction."
かつて交通事故撲滅を呼びかけるコピーで「注意一瞬、事故一生」というのがあった。脱法ハーブの後遺症で苦しむ人を見ると、私はいつも「使用一瞬、依存一生」だと思う。
They might have used the hallucinatory herb for only a short time in their lives, but addiction patients must use a lot of energy trying to beat their dependence on the drug. They must pay the price for abusing these loophole drugs, including but not limited to quitting their job due to the substance's aftereffects. In other words, by the time a user regrets taking the drug, it's already too late.
使ったのは人生の中のほんの一時期であったとしても、その人はその後、薬をやめるために多大なエネルギーを使ったり、ぶり返す精神病のような後遺症で仕事もできなくなったり、あまりにも大きな“ツケ”を払わなければならなくなる。「あのとき、誘いに応じて気軽に手を出したばっかりに」と悔やんでもどうにもならない。
You may come across pills and drinks that are labeled as "herbs," "aromatherapy goods" or "supplements." Some people take these substances without thinking very much about it, especially when they come from friends or significant others, possibly worrying that to refuse would endanger these relationships.
「ハーブ」「アロマ」「サプリ」といった名で「飲んでみない？」と差し出される錠剤や液体。とくに相手が恋人や友人の場合、断ったら人間関係にヒビが入るのでは、と「一度だけなら」と義理で応じてしまう人もいる。
That one sip or one pill may be the beginning of the end of the person's life. I want readers to refuse to take these substances. Make excuses if you have to. Say you have an allergy. If the person offering the pill takes offense, that person does not care about you in the first place. We have to do whatever it takes to prevent "loophole" drugs from spreading throughout our society.
しかし、その最初の一錠が不幸の扉を開けるかもしれないのだ。よくわからないものは「私、アレルギーがあるから」とでも言ってとにかく口に入れないでほしい。それで「なんだ、もう友だちじゃないよ」などと言う相手は、はじめからあなたのことなど大切にしていないのだ。脱法ハーブのまん延は何としても防がなければならない。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年07月01日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Addiction recovery can take a lifetime
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:使用一瞬、依存一生 ／東京
A man recently drove his SUV onto a sidewalk in Tokyo's Ikebukuro area, leaving a woman dead and seven others injured. The man has admitted to purchasing and smoking a so-called "legal loophole herb," and it is believed that he was under its influence when he caused the crash. What he did is unforgivable.
東京・池袋で車が暴走し、８人が死傷する事件が起きた。運転していた男性は「脱法ハーブ」を購入して使用していたことを認めており、暴走はその影響と考えられている。許されない話だ。
Although the substance is called an herb, it is no simple plant concoction. These drugs, which are not technically illegal, are made of leaves processed with chemicals, resulting in a product with effects similar to those of stimulants and marijuana. Most of these chemicals were first developed for medical uses including as pain killers for people with cancer or other diseases.
「ハーブ」という名前はついているが決して植物性のものではなく、覚醒剤や大麻と似た作用のある化学物質を植物のかけらにまぶしたりした加工製品である。それら化学物質の多くはがんの鎮痛など当初は医療用に開発されたものが不法な経路で流出し、加工されて売られているのだ。
Some people try them out thinking they are made of natural ingredients and that they are simply relaxing, but the chemicals with which these leaves are laced are strong. Examples of these drugs' symptoms include hyperactivity, hallucinations, tremors, nausea and disorientation. Repeated use may cause chronic psychological illnesses, and those who become addicted to the substances oftentimes end up destroying their lives. The strength of these loophole drugs and the horror they can cause are incompatible with the deceptively innocuous term "herb."
あたかもリラックス効果のある安心な天然素材というイメージで手を出す人もいるようだが、含まれる成分は非常に強力だ。摂取してすぐの急性症状としては興奮、幻覚、けいれんや嘔吐（おうと）、意識障害などが起き、頻回の使用で慢性の精神病状態に陥ったり、心身の依存が形成されて手を切れなくなったりして人生が崩壊してしまうケースも少なくない。その強烈さと恐ろしさは一般の「ハーブ」のイメージとはほど遠い。
The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has designated over 1,300 chemicals as harmful drugs and bans the use and possession of such substances like marijuana and stimulants. However, the ministry is having a hard time keeping up with new chemicals that evade existing regulations and controlling the circulation of new substances.
厚生労働省はこれまで１３００種以上の化学物質を有害な「指定薬物」として覚醒剤や大麻と同様に所持や使用を禁止しているが、それをすり抜けるかのように新しい化学物質が出回り、取り締まりが困難となっている。
There used to be a road safety ad that went, "It only takes a moment to pay attention, but it takes a whole lifetime to recover from a car accident." When I see patients suffering from the aftereffects of addiction to these "herbs," I'm reminded of that ad and always think, "It only takes a moment to take a drug, but it takes whole lifetime to recover from addiction."
かつて交通事故撲滅を呼びかけるコピーで「注意一瞬、事故一生」というのがあった。脱法ハーブの後遺症で苦しむ人を見ると、私はいつも「使用一瞬、依存一生」だと思う。
They might have used the hallucinatory herb for only a short time in their lives, but addiction patients must use a lot of energy trying to beat their dependence on the drug. They must pay the price for abusing these loophole drugs, including but not limited to quitting their job due to the substance's aftereffects. In other words, by the time a user regrets taking the drug, it's already too late.
使ったのは人生の中のほんの一時期であったとしても、その人はその後、薬をやめるために多大なエネルギーを使ったり、ぶり返す精神病のような後遺症で仕事もできなくなったり、あまりにも大きな“ツケ”を払わなければならなくなる。「あのとき、誘いに応じて気軽に手を出したばっかりに」と悔やんでもどうにもならない。
You may come across pills and drinks that are labeled as "herbs," "aromatherapy goods" or "supplements." Some people take these substances without thinking very much about it, especially when they come from friends or significant others, possibly worrying that to refuse would endanger these relationships.
「ハーブ」「アロマ」「サプリ」といった名で「飲んでみない？」と差し出される錠剤や液体。とくに相手が恋人や友人の場合、断ったら人間関係にヒビが入るのでは、と「一度だけなら」と義理で応じてしまう人もいる。
That one sip or one pill may be the beginning of the end of the person's life. I want readers to refuse to take these substances. Make excuses if you have to. Say you have an allergy. If the person offering the pill takes offense, that person does not care about you in the first place. We have to do whatever it takes to prevent "loophole" drugs from spreading throughout our society.
しかし、その最初の一錠が不幸の扉を開けるかもしれないのだ。よくわからないものは「私、アレルギーがあるから」とでも言ってとにかく口に入れないでほしい。それで「なんだ、もう友だちじゃないよ」などと言う相手は、はじめからあなたのことなど大切にしていないのだ。脱法ハーブのまん延は何としても防がなければならない。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年07月01日 地方版