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2010年12月24日
外交文書公開 隠し事はまだあった
(Mainichi Japan) December 23, 2010
More than meets the eye in declassified diplomatic documents
社説：外交文書公開 隠し事はまだあった
Declassified diplomatic documents covering Japan-U.S. negotiations on the 1972 reversion of Okinawa have raised suggestions that the ministry covered up details of its secret accords.
外務省が１９７２年の沖縄返還をめぐる日米交渉などに関する外交文書を公開した。
An examination conducted by an experts' panel set up by the Foreign Ministry had clarified part of the Japan-U.S. secret agreement on the reversion of Okinawa to Japan's sovereignty. However, the declassified documents recently released by the Foreign Ministry shed light on larger part of the accord -- they were not covered by the panel's examination.
日米密約の一部については同省の有識者委員会の検証で一定程度解明されたが、今回はその検証の対象外だった文書の中から不自然な焼却処分の痕跡や財政負担に関する密約を裏付ける資料などが新たに見つかった。
In May, the Foreign Ministry put into effect regulations requiring declassification of virtually all of its official documents 30 years from the time they were compiled. This time, the third round of disclosure, 291 files, including 56 regarding Okinawa, were disclosed.
外務省は今年５月、作成から３０年たった文書を原則公開する新たな規則を施行した。３回目の今回は沖縄関連５６冊を含む計２９１冊の文書が公開された。
Among the documents is one suggesting that the Japanese and U.S. governments plotted to ensure that a conservative candidate would win the first election of governor of the Ryukyu government under U.S. rule. Another shows Tokyo and Washington played a tug-of-war over the wording of an agreement to include the Senkaku Islands in the Okinawa islands to be returned to Japan's sovereignty.
初の琉球政府行政主席公選で日米両政府が保守系候補を勝たせるために画策したことや、沖縄返還にからみ尖閣諸島が返還地域に含まれることをどう表現するかをめぐり日米が綱引きを演じたことなどを示す文書も含まれている。
More surprisingly, a memorandum showing that three confidential telegrams were incinerated was found in a file of documents on the Japan-U.S. secret agreement. Under the secret agreement, Japan footed the 4 million dollars required to restore land vacated by U.S. military facilities in Okinawa to its original state, even though such costs should have been borne by the United States.
中でも驚かされるのは、沖縄返還に際して米国が支払うことになっていた米軍用地の原状回復補償費４００万ドルを日本が肩代わりした密約に関するファイルの中から、３通の機密電報を焼却したことを示すメモが見つかったことだ。
Furthermore, an entry in the handwritten index of the file titled, "Document 1 -- the leak of confidential information on Okinawa reversion talks" has been crossed out and the text of the document is missing although its cover is still kept in the file. A new typed index of the file does not even list the document.
ファイル内容を記した手書きの目次では「沖縄返還交渉機密漏洩（ろうえい）事件」が横線で消され文書が欠落していた。その後、新たにタイプで作成された目次には「沖縄返還交渉機密漏洩事件」そのものが消えていた。
The Foreign Ministry states that it does not know how the ministry managed documents 40 years ago, and the memorandum does not show what kind of telegrams were incinerated.
外務省は「４０年も前の文書管理については分からない」と言っており、何が焼却されたのかは不明だ。
If the telegrams were incinerated in order to destroy evidence of the secret pact, it would be an outrageous act that could betray the public's trust in the government. Questions also remain as to why the document showing that Japan footed the 4 million dollars was not found in the ministry's earlier investigation into the case.
もし密約の証拠を消すための意図的な焼却だったのなら許し難い背信行為である。４００万ドル肩代わり密約を裏付ける文書そのものも先の外務省調査で見つからなかったことと合わせ釈然としない。
The declassified documents include one backing up another secret agreement under which Japan shouldered 65 million dollars to renovate and relocate U.S. military facilities in Okinawa -- in addition to the 320 million dollars stated in the official agreement on Okinawa's reversion. The document details a dialogue in which an official of the ministry's First North America Division and an official of the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo discussed the issue.
また、沖縄返還協定に記された３億２０００万ドルのほかに米軍施設改良移転費名目で６５００万ドルを日本側が負担するとした密約を裏付ける日本側の文書も初めて見つかった。外務省北米１課担当者と在京米大使館員のやりとりを記した文書だ。
These findings obviously support assertions the experts' panel made in a report submitted to the ministry in March that negotiations on the expenses of the Okinawa reversion lack transparency.
今年３月に出された外務省有識者委員会の報告書は「沖縄返還に伴う財政経済交渉には不透明な部分が多々ある」と指摘したが、これもそのひとつなのだろう。
The ministry is set to disclose approximately 22,000 files of documents that are still being withheld even though more than 30 years have passed since they were compiled. It is hoped that the details of how Japan footed the expenses of the Okinawa reversion, which is shrouded in mystery, will be clarified in the process of disclosing these documents.
外務省は作成後３０年以上経過しながらまだ公開されていない文書約２万２０００冊について順次公開していくという。その過程で、闇に包まれている財政負担の全貌が明らかになることを望む。
Enthusiasm that the Foreign Ministry has recently shown about disclosing diplomatic documents should be appreciated to a certain extent, but the method of disclosure should be improved. Many members of the public have complained that declassified documents are accessible only at the ministry's Diplomatic Record Office in Tokyo, and that it takes a long time and costs too much money to make photocopies of documents. The ministry should take measures to improve the convenience of accessing such documents.
外交文書公開での外務省の積極姿勢は評価するが注文もある。東京都内の外交史料館でしか閲覧できないことや、資料の複写に時間がかかり料金が高額なことなどに対する利用者の苦情を耳にする。利便性を高める工夫をしてもらいたい。
More than meets the eye in declassified diplomatic documents
社説：外交文書公開 隠し事はまだあった
Declassified diplomatic documents covering Japan-U.S. negotiations on the 1972 reversion of Okinawa have raised suggestions that the ministry covered up details of its secret accords.
外務省が１９７２年の沖縄返還をめぐる日米交渉などに関する外交文書を公開した。
An examination conducted by an experts' panel set up by the Foreign Ministry had clarified part of the Japan-U.S. secret agreement on the reversion of Okinawa to Japan's sovereignty. However, the declassified documents recently released by the Foreign Ministry shed light on larger part of the accord -- they were not covered by the panel's examination.
日米密約の一部については同省の有識者委員会の検証で一定程度解明されたが、今回はその検証の対象外だった文書の中から不自然な焼却処分の痕跡や財政負担に関する密約を裏付ける資料などが新たに見つかった。
In May, the Foreign Ministry put into effect regulations requiring declassification of virtually all of its official documents 30 years from the time they were compiled. This time, the third round of disclosure, 291 files, including 56 regarding Okinawa, were disclosed.
外務省は今年５月、作成から３０年たった文書を原則公開する新たな規則を施行した。３回目の今回は沖縄関連５６冊を含む計２９１冊の文書が公開された。
Among the documents is one suggesting that the Japanese and U.S. governments plotted to ensure that a conservative candidate would win the first election of governor of the Ryukyu government under U.S. rule. Another shows Tokyo and Washington played a tug-of-war over the wording of an agreement to include the Senkaku Islands in the Okinawa islands to be returned to Japan's sovereignty.
初の琉球政府行政主席公選で日米両政府が保守系候補を勝たせるために画策したことや、沖縄返還にからみ尖閣諸島が返還地域に含まれることをどう表現するかをめぐり日米が綱引きを演じたことなどを示す文書も含まれている。
More surprisingly, a memorandum showing that three confidential telegrams were incinerated was found in a file of documents on the Japan-U.S. secret agreement. Under the secret agreement, Japan footed the 4 million dollars required to restore land vacated by U.S. military facilities in Okinawa to its original state, even though such costs should have been borne by the United States.
中でも驚かされるのは、沖縄返還に際して米国が支払うことになっていた米軍用地の原状回復補償費４００万ドルを日本が肩代わりした密約に関するファイルの中から、３通の機密電報を焼却したことを示すメモが見つかったことだ。
Furthermore, an entry in the handwritten index of the file titled, "Document 1 -- the leak of confidential information on Okinawa reversion talks" has been crossed out and the text of the document is missing although its cover is still kept in the file. A new typed index of the file does not even list the document.
ファイル内容を記した手書きの目次では「沖縄返還交渉機密漏洩（ろうえい）事件」が横線で消され文書が欠落していた。その後、新たにタイプで作成された目次には「沖縄返還交渉機密漏洩事件」そのものが消えていた。
The Foreign Ministry states that it does not know how the ministry managed documents 40 years ago, and the memorandum does not show what kind of telegrams were incinerated.
外務省は「４０年も前の文書管理については分からない」と言っており、何が焼却されたのかは不明だ。
If the telegrams were incinerated in order to destroy evidence of the secret pact, it would be an outrageous act that could betray the public's trust in the government. Questions also remain as to why the document showing that Japan footed the 4 million dollars was not found in the ministry's earlier investigation into the case.
もし密約の証拠を消すための意図的な焼却だったのなら許し難い背信行為である。４００万ドル肩代わり密約を裏付ける文書そのものも先の外務省調査で見つからなかったことと合わせ釈然としない。
The declassified documents include one backing up another secret agreement under which Japan shouldered 65 million dollars to renovate and relocate U.S. military facilities in Okinawa -- in addition to the 320 million dollars stated in the official agreement on Okinawa's reversion. The document details a dialogue in which an official of the ministry's First North America Division and an official of the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo discussed the issue.
また、沖縄返還協定に記された３億２０００万ドルのほかに米軍施設改良移転費名目で６５００万ドルを日本側が負担するとした密約を裏付ける日本側の文書も初めて見つかった。外務省北米１課担当者と在京米大使館員のやりとりを記した文書だ。
These findings obviously support assertions the experts' panel made in a report submitted to the ministry in March that negotiations on the expenses of the Okinawa reversion lack transparency.
今年３月に出された外務省有識者委員会の報告書は「沖縄返還に伴う財政経済交渉には不透明な部分が多々ある」と指摘したが、これもそのひとつなのだろう。
The ministry is set to disclose approximately 22,000 files of documents that are still being withheld even though more than 30 years have passed since they were compiled. It is hoped that the details of how Japan footed the expenses of the Okinawa reversion, which is shrouded in mystery, will be clarified in the process of disclosing these documents.
外務省は作成後３０年以上経過しながらまだ公開されていない文書約２万２０００冊について順次公開していくという。その過程で、闇に包まれている財政負担の全貌が明らかになることを望む。
Enthusiasm that the Foreign Ministry has recently shown about disclosing diplomatic documents should be appreciated to a certain extent, but the method of disclosure should be improved. Many members of the public have complained that declassified documents are accessible only at the ministry's Diplomatic Record Office in Tokyo, and that it takes a long time and costs too much money to make photocopies of documents. The ministry should take measures to improve the convenience of accessing such documents.
外交文書公開での外務省の積極姿勢は評価するが注文もある。東京都内の外交史料館でしか閲覧できないことや、資料の複写に時間がかかり料金が高額なことなどに対する利用者の苦情を耳にする。利便性を高める工夫をしてもらいたい。
2010年12月23日
アイフォーンの３４％
Kobe Steel, iPhone bright spots for 'declining' Japan, but challenges lie ahead from China
水説：アイフォーンの３４％＝潮田道夫
＜ｓｕｉ−ｓｅｔｓｕ＞
I'm a big fan of the TV Tokyo program "Sora kara Nihon o mitemiyo" (Let's take a look at Japan from the sky). The dialogue between Kumojii (Grandpa Cloud) and Kumomi, a "girl cloud," is entertaining, and it's refreshing to see various parts of the country from a vantage point not unlike that of a floating cloud.
テレビ東京系の「空から日本を見てみよう」という番組のファンである。「くもじい」と「くもみ」の掛け合いが面白いし、雲に乗った感覚で列島各地を見下ろすのは気分がいい。それに勉強になる。
The program, moreover, is informative. The other day, viewers were given a glimpse of the steel manufacturer Kobe Steel, based in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, and told that if the company were to stop its operations, production of half the world's cars would come to a halt. I'd had no idea.
先日の番組では神戸製鋼がでてきて「この製鉄所が止まると世界の自動車の半分が造れなくなる」と言っていた。知らなかったなあ。
Looking into the matter, I found that Kobe Steel has about a 50-percent share of the wire rods used to produce valve springs, which are installed at the top of car cylinders.
調べてみると、自動車のシリンダー上部に取り付ける弁ばね用の線材で、神戸製鋼製が世界シェアの約半分を占めている。おそらく、そのことを言っているのだろう。
The valves are subject to strenuous contraction and expansion, but their quality must remain unchanged even when a car clocks 100,000 kilometers. Kobe Steel's wire rods apparently fit the bill and therefore dominate the world market. I find this good news, especially nowadays, when Japan's economic decline has become widely accepted.
このばねは激しい伸縮運動を強いられる。そして自動車が１０万キロ走ろうとも、へたらず変わらぬ品質を維持しなければならない。日本の神戸製鋼製がベスト。高品質で世界市場を席巻している。日本衰退論が目立つ昨今、非常にうれしい話だった。
Japan is a major exporter of finished products such as cars and LCD televisions, but with regards to world share, companies like Kobe Steel that produce materials and parts account for a larger share. While such companies are little known in Japan, they are the ones that are helping to maintain the country's economic edge.
日本は自動車や液晶テレビなど完成品の大輸出国だが、世界シェアをどれだけとっているかという観点では、神戸製鋼の例のように、むしろ素材や部品が強い。消費者にはなじみの薄い企業が多いが、そういう企業が日本経済を支えている。
A Dec. 15 Wall Street Journal (WSJ) article, "Not Really 'Made in China,'" highlights the problem with distortions in trade statistics. The iPhone was developed by Apple Inc., an American company, but is assembled in China. Because of this, the phones are considered to be "imported" by the U.S. as products "made in China," adding $1.9 billion to the U.S. trade deficit with China. But does it make sense to credit the $1.9 billion to China alone?
米ウォールストリート・ジャーナルが先日、この点に着目し「実際は中国製とは言えない」という記事を掲載していた。ｉＰｈｏｎｅ（アイフォーン）はいうまでもなく米アップル社の開発した世界的ヒット商品だが、組み立て工場は中国。だから「中国製」として米国に輸入される。その結果、アイフォーンは昨年、米国の対中赤字に１９億ドルを追加することになった。しかし、１９億ドル全部を中国一人の責めに帰するわけにいくまいというのだ。
There are some very interesting figures with regards to iPhone sales. The phones are sold wholesale by China for $178.96 each, but since Chinese workers are only involved with assembling the phones, only 3.6 percent of that amount actually goes to China. The countries that provide the parts actually get a larger share of the wholesale cost. Japan receives 34 percent, while Germany gets 17 percent, South Korea 13 percent, and the U.S. 6 percent.
非常に興味深い数字が出ている。対米輸出価格は１７８・９６ドル（約１万５０００円）だが、中国は組み立てるだけなので中国に落ちるカネはその３・６％だけ。部品等の供給国の分け前の方が大きい。日本３４％、ドイツ１７％、韓国１３％、米国６％の順だ。
What struck me was the figure, 34 percent. With Apple's iPod, most of the parts were made in Japan. Since I'd been told previously that Japan had no chance against South Korea and China when it came to the iPhone, I was relieved to hear that it still holds a 34-percent share.
私が注目したのは３４％という数字である。同じアップルが以前に出したアイポッドでは部品のほとんどが日本製だった。ところが、アイフォーンでは韓国と中国に駆逐され見る影もないと聞いていたので、まだ３４％も占めていたかとホッとしたのである。
The WSJ article runs the risk of giving a false impression, however. No longer a mere "assembling factory," China is rapidly shifting towards becoming a Japanese-style supplier of materials and parts. Southeast Asian countries are in great fear of China's rise to economic hegemony, which they see as imminent. Japan must also acknowledge that maintaining its 34-percent share will not be easy. (By Michio Ushioda, Expert Senior Writer)
しかし、この記事は誤解を生みかねない。中国はもはや「組み立て基地」ではない。日本型の「素材・部品の供給基地」に急速に変容しつつある。東南アジア諸国は中国の経済覇権の完成間近と見て、戦々恐々としている。日本も「３４％」にホッとしている場合でない。（専門編集委員）
(Mainichi Japan) December 22, 2010
毎日新聞 2010年12月22日 東京朝刊
水説：アイフォーンの３４％＝潮田道夫
＜ｓｕｉ−ｓｅｔｓｕ＞
I'm a big fan of the TV Tokyo program "Sora kara Nihon o mitemiyo" (Let's take a look at Japan from the sky). The dialogue between Kumojii (Grandpa Cloud) and Kumomi, a "girl cloud," is entertaining, and it's refreshing to see various parts of the country from a vantage point not unlike that of a floating cloud.
テレビ東京系の「空から日本を見てみよう」という番組のファンである。「くもじい」と「くもみ」の掛け合いが面白いし、雲に乗った感覚で列島各地を見下ろすのは気分がいい。それに勉強になる。
The program, moreover, is informative. The other day, viewers were given a glimpse of the steel manufacturer Kobe Steel, based in Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, and told that if the company were to stop its operations, production of half the world's cars would come to a halt. I'd had no idea.
先日の番組では神戸製鋼がでてきて「この製鉄所が止まると世界の自動車の半分が造れなくなる」と言っていた。知らなかったなあ。
Looking into the matter, I found that Kobe Steel has about a 50-percent share of the wire rods used to produce valve springs, which are installed at the top of car cylinders.
調べてみると、自動車のシリンダー上部に取り付ける弁ばね用の線材で、神戸製鋼製が世界シェアの約半分を占めている。おそらく、そのことを言っているのだろう。
The valves are subject to strenuous contraction and expansion, but their quality must remain unchanged even when a car clocks 100,000 kilometers. Kobe Steel's wire rods apparently fit the bill and therefore dominate the world market. I find this good news, especially nowadays, when Japan's economic decline has become widely accepted.
このばねは激しい伸縮運動を強いられる。そして自動車が１０万キロ走ろうとも、へたらず変わらぬ品質を維持しなければならない。日本の神戸製鋼製がベスト。高品質で世界市場を席巻している。日本衰退論が目立つ昨今、非常にうれしい話だった。
Japan is a major exporter of finished products such as cars and LCD televisions, but with regards to world share, companies like Kobe Steel that produce materials and parts account for a larger share. While such companies are little known in Japan, they are the ones that are helping to maintain the country's economic edge.
日本は自動車や液晶テレビなど完成品の大輸出国だが、世界シェアをどれだけとっているかという観点では、神戸製鋼の例のように、むしろ素材や部品が強い。消費者にはなじみの薄い企業が多いが、そういう企業が日本経済を支えている。
A Dec. 15 Wall Street Journal (WSJ) article, "Not Really 'Made in China,'" highlights the problem with distortions in trade statistics. The iPhone was developed by Apple Inc., an American company, but is assembled in China. Because of this, the phones are considered to be "imported" by the U.S. as products "made in China," adding $1.9 billion to the U.S. trade deficit with China. But does it make sense to credit the $1.9 billion to China alone?
米ウォールストリート・ジャーナルが先日、この点に着目し「実際は中国製とは言えない」という記事を掲載していた。ｉＰｈｏｎｅ（アイフォーン）はいうまでもなく米アップル社の開発した世界的ヒット商品だが、組み立て工場は中国。だから「中国製」として米国に輸入される。その結果、アイフォーンは昨年、米国の対中赤字に１９億ドルを追加することになった。しかし、１９億ドル全部を中国一人の責めに帰するわけにいくまいというのだ。
There are some very interesting figures with regards to iPhone sales. The phones are sold wholesale by China for $178.96 each, but since Chinese workers are only involved with assembling the phones, only 3.6 percent of that amount actually goes to China. The countries that provide the parts actually get a larger share of the wholesale cost. Japan receives 34 percent, while Germany gets 17 percent, South Korea 13 percent, and the U.S. 6 percent.
非常に興味深い数字が出ている。対米輸出価格は１７８・９６ドル（約１万５０００円）だが、中国は組み立てるだけなので中国に落ちるカネはその３・６％だけ。部品等の供給国の分け前の方が大きい。日本３４％、ドイツ１７％、韓国１３％、米国６％の順だ。
What struck me was the figure, 34 percent. With Apple's iPod, most of the parts were made in Japan. Since I'd been told previously that Japan had no chance against South Korea and China when it came to the iPhone, I was relieved to hear that it still holds a 34-percent share.
私が注目したのは３４％という数字である。同じアップルが以前に出したアイポッドでは部品のほとんどが日本製だった。ところが、アイフォーンでは韓国と中国に駆逐され見る影もないと聞いていたので、まだ３４％も占めていたかとホッとしたのである。
The WSJ article runs the risk of giving a false impression, however. No longer a mere "assembling factory," China is rapidly shifting towards becoming a Japanese-style supplier of materials and parts. Southeast Asian countries are in great fear of China's rise to economic hegemony, which they see as imminent. Japan must also acknowledge that maintaining its 34-percent share will not be easy. (By Michio Ushioda, Expert Senior Writer)
しかし、この記事は誤解を生みかねない。中国はもはや「組み立て基地」ではない。日本型の「素材・部品の供給基地」に急速に変容しつつある。東南アジア諸国は中国の経済覇権の完成間近と見て、戦々恐々としている。日本も「３４％」にホッとしている場合でない。（専門編集委員）
(Mainichi Japan) December 22, 2010
毎日新聞 2010年12月22日 東京朝刊
2010年11月21日
New words and opportunities buzzing in China
( ) 内は中国簡体字を示す。発音は中国語ピンイン表記。
中国語（北京語、普通話）の声調には４種類あります。
第１声、第２声､第３声、第４声の４種類です。
三蔵 sān zāng
天竺 tiānzhú
悟空 wùkōng
給力 (给力) gěilì
不給力 (不给力) bùgěilì
中国 zhōngguó
人民日報 (人民日报) rénmín rìbào
江蘇 (江苏) jiāng sū
新浪網 (新浪网) xīnlàn gwǎng
韓庚 (韩庚) hángēng
（スラチャイ記）
(Mainichi Japan) November 20, 2010
New words and opportunities buzzing in China
木語：おおゲイリーバブル＝金子秀敏
＜ｍｏｋｕ−ｇｏ＞
It was in 1996 that the Japanese words "jimi-kon" (low-key wedding) and "hade-kon" (showy wedding) arrived on Japan's linguistic forefront. Nowadays "jimi" (plain, low-key) and its variants are commonly used online and in manga.
「ジミ婚、ハデ婚」という新語がはやったのは１９９６年だった。いまでは「ジミ」「ジミッ」は、ネットやマンガの常用語になっている。
A variant of this term has also found its way to China and looks likely to be remembered as the buzz word of the year. Its appearance has been traced to the anime "Saiyuki: Tabi no Owari" by Kosuke Masuda.
この「ジミ」が、中国に輸出され、今年の流行語になりそうだ。発端は、増田こうすけ氏のギャグアニメ「西遊記〜旅の終わり〜」だという。
The anime starts when the character Xuanzang and his companions reach ancient India. The place is empty, and the only sign is one saying "goal."
アニメは三蔵法師一行が天竺（てんじく）に着いた場面で始まる。そこはただの空き地で、「ゴール」の標識が立っているだけ。
"So this is India. It's pretty plain (jimi) isn't it, Master," one of Xuanzang's disciples, Wukong, says. Xuanzang then dashes forward trying to become the first to arrive, while Wukong and the others on the scene try to stop him.
「これが天竺かー。すごいジミですね、法師」と悟空。法師はいきなりダッシュして一番乗りを目指す。そうはさせるかと妨害する悟空たち−−そんなどたばた喜劇だ。
In the Chinese version of the anime, "jimi" was translated as "bugeili" (dull, boring). "Bu" is a negative prefix and "geili" is a word of the Northern Chinese dialect that has come to mean "cool" or "exciting". It is a peculiar Chinese word. Perhaps because of its fresh sound, "bugeili" has spread over the Internet, along with the opposite meaning "geili," without the negative suffix, and it has even led to the coining of the English-sounding words "ungeilivable" and "geilivable."
このアニメの中国語版は「ジミ」を「不給力（ブー・ゲイリー）」と訳した。「給力」は中国北方方言で、すごいという感嘆詞。それに否定の不がつく。ちょっと奇妙な中国語。それが新鮮だったのか、「不給力」はネット言葉として広がっていった。
すると「不」がとれて「給力」になった。日本語の「スゴッ！」に近い語感だろうか。「ゲイリーバブル」「アンゲイリーバブル」なる英語もどきの新語もできた。
"Geili" has since become an Internet buzz word and on Nov. 10, the People's Daily, the official newspaper of the Communist Party of China, used the word in a headline on its front page, in reference to "cool" Jiangsu province. While the use of the word was both criticized as frivolous and hailed as novel, its place as this year's top trendy word in China was certain.
ついに今月１０日。中国共産党機関紙「人民日報」１面トップ記事の見出しにネット言葉の「給力」が使われた−−「江蘇給力 “文化強省”」。「江蘇省スゴッ」が軽薄か、斬新かについては賛否両論が沸騰したが、「給力」が今年の流行語大賞の地位を確保したことは確実だ。
It is interesting to note that "jimi" which has a negative meaning, was taken in a different direction in China to produce the positive "geili."
おもしろいのは、日本発の「ジミ」が、中国では「給力（すごい）」と反対方向にひっくり返ったことだ。
Over the past few years, China's GDP per capita growth has practically lined up with that seen by Japan in the 1960s. In 1967, a popular television commercial chanted the phrase "big is good." Japanese society, which at the time was witnessing continuing growth, was not in the mood to accept the word "jimi.
ここ数年の中国の１人当たり国内総生産の伸びは、ちょうど日本の６０年代とほぼ同じだ。日本では６７年、「大きいことはいいことだ」のテレビＣＭがはやった。成長を続けたあのころの日本社会には「ジミ」という言葉をしみじみと受け入れる空気はなかった。
" A similar atmosphere now envelops China, and so geili," the opposite of "bugeili," has taken hold.
いまの中国の空気は、あのころの日本の空気なのだ。だから「不給力」が「給力」に反転して広く流行した。
The day after the People's Daily used the phrase, Japanese actress Sora Aoi started using Twitter in Chinese on the major Chinese portal site Sina. In just 24 hours she secured 160,000 followers.
問題の人民日報が発行された翌日、日本の女優、蒼井そらさんが中国国内の大手ポータルサイト、新浪網を使って中国語ツイッターを始めた。２４時間でフォロワーの数は１６万に達した。
Sina said that the figure surpassed the 140,000 followers of Chinese pop singer Han Geng. It also far exceeds the number of those who took part in recent anti-Japanese protests in China.
新浪網によると、中国人のイケメン歌手、韓庚氏の作った１４万の記録を更新した。尖閣諸島問題で起きた反日デモの数をはるかに上回る。
The massive market of China has vitality spurred by growth. If this can be harnessed, major opportunities may await. Then the situation we can look forward to will be "geilivable." (By Hidetoshi Kaneko, Expert Senior Writer)
中国という巨大な市場には、成長期の活力がある。それを取り込めれば巨大なチャンスがつかめるかもしれない。ゲイリーバブルなのだ。（専門編集委員）
中国語（北京語、普通話）の声調には４種類あります。
第１声、第２声､第３声、第４声の４種類です。
三蔵 sān zāng
天竺 tiānzhú
悟空 wùkōng
給力 (给力) gěilì
不給力 (不给力) bùgěilì
中国 zhōngguó
人民日報 (人民日报) rénmín rìbào
江蘇 (江苏) jiāng sū
新浪網 (新浪网) xīnlàn gwǎng
韓庚 (韩庚) hángēng
（スラチャイ記）
(Mainichi Japan) November 20, 2010
New words and opportunities buzzing in China
木語：おおゲイリーバブル＝金子秀敏
＜ｍｏｋｕ−ｇｏ＞
It was in 1996 that the Japanese words "jimi-kon" (low-key wedding) and "hade-kon" (showy wedding) arrived on Japan's linguistic forefront. Nowadays "jimi" (plain, low-key) and its variants are commonly used online and in manga.
「ジミ婚、ハデ婚」という新語がはやったのは１９９６年だった。いまでは「ジミ」「ジミッ」は、ネットやマンガの常用語になっている。
A variant of this term has also found its way to China and looks likely to be remembered as the buzz word of the year. Its appearance has been traced to the anime "Saiyuki: Tabi no Owari" by Kosuke Masuda.
この「ジミ」が、中国に輸出され、今年の流行語になりそうだ。発端は、増田こうすけ氏のギャグアニメ「西遊記〜旅の終わり〜」だという。
The anime starts when the character Xuanzang and his companions reach ancient India. The place is empty, and the only sign is one saying "goal."
アニメは三蔵法師一行が天竺（てんじく）に着いた場面で始まる。そこはただの空き地で、「ゴール」の標識が立っているだけ。
"So this is India. It's pretty plain (jimi) isn't it, Master," one of Xuanzang's disciples, Wukong, says. Xuanzang then dashes forward trying to become the first to arrive, while Wukong and the others on the scene try to stop him.
「これが天竺かー。すごいジミですね、法師」と悟空。法師はいきなりダッシュして一番乗りを目指す。そうはさせるかと妨害する悟空たち−−そんなどたばた喜劇だ。
In the Chinese version of the anime, "jimi" was translated as "bugeili" (dull, boring). "Bu" is a negative prefix and "geili" is a word of the Northern Chinese dialect that has come to mean "cool" or "exciting". It is a peculiar Chinese word. Perhaps because of its fresh sound, "bugeili" has spread over the Internet, along with the opposite meaning "geili," without the negative suffix, and it has even led to the coining of the English-sounding words "ungeilivable" and "geilivable."
このアニメの中国語版は「ジミ」を「不給力（ブー・ゲイリー）」と訳した。「給力」は中国北方方言で、すごいという感嘆詞。それに否定の不がつく。ちょっと奇妙な中国語。それが新鮮だったのか、「不給力」はネット言葉として広がっていった。
すると「不」がとれて「給力」になった。日本語の「スゴッ！」に近い語感だろうか。「ゲイリーバブル」「アンゲイリーバブル」なる英語もどきの新語もできた。
"Geili" has since become an Internet buzz word and on Nov. 10, the People's Daily, the official newspaper of the Communist Party of China, used the word in a headline on its front page, in reference to "cool" Jiangsu province. While the use of the word was both criticized as frivolous and hailed as novel, its place as this year's top trendy word in China was certain.
ついに今月１０日。中国共産党機関紙「人民日報」１面トップ記事の見出しにネット言葉の「給力」が使われた−−「江蘇給力 “文化強省”」。「江蘇省スゴッ」が軽薄か、斬新かについては賛否両論が沸騰したが、「給力」が今年の流行語大賞の地位を確保したことは確実だ。
It is interesting to note that "jimi" which has a negative meaning, was taken in a different direction in China to produce the positive "geili."
おもしろいのは、日本発の「ジミ」が、中国では「給力（すごい）」と反対方向にひっくり返ったことだ。
Over the past few years, China's GDP per capita growth has practically lined up with that seen by Japan in the 1960s. In 1967, a popular television commercial chanted the phrase "big is good." Japanese society, which at the time was witnessing continuing growth, was not in the mood to accept the word "jimi.
ここ数年の中国の１人当たり国内総生産の伸びは、ちょうど日本の６０年代とほぼ同じだ。日本では６７年、「大きいことはいいことだ」のテレビＣＭがはやった。成長を続けたあのころの日本社会には「ジミ」という言葉をしみじみと受け入れる空気はなかった。
" A similar atmosphere now envelops China, and so geili," the opposite of "bugeili," has taken hold.
いまの中国の空気は、あのころの日本の空気なのだ。だから「不給力」が「給力」に反転して広く流行した。
The day after the People's Daily used the phrase, Japanese actress Sora Aoi started using Twitter in Chinese on the major Chinese portal site Sina. In just 24 hours she secured 160,000 followers.
問題の人民日報が発行された翌日、日本の女優、蒼井そらさんが中国国内の大手ポータルサイト、新浪網を使って中国語ツイッターを始めた。２４時間でフォロワーの数は１６万に達した。
Sina said that the figure surpassed the 140,000 followers of Chinese pop singer Han Geng. It also far exceeds the number of those who took part in recent anti-Japanese protests in China.
新浪網によると、中国人のイケメン歌手、韓庚氏の作った１４万の記録を更新した。尖閣諸島問題で起きた反日デモの数をはるかに上回る。
The massive market of China has vitality spurred by growth. If this can be harnessed, major opportunities may await. Then the situation we can look forward to will be "geilivable." (By Hidetoshi Kaneko, Expert Senior Writer)
中国という巨大な市場には、成長期の活力がある。それを取り込めれば巨大なチャンスがつかめるかもしれない。ゲイリーバブルなのだ。（専門編集委員）
2010年06月07日
News Navigator: Why are corporate executives' remunerations disclosed?
(Mainichi Japan) June 4, 2010
News Navigator: Why are corporate executives' remunerations disclosed?
質問なるほドリ：なぜ高額の役員報酬が公表されるの？＝回答・中井正裕
＜ＮＥＷＳ ＮＡＶＩＧＡＴＯＲ＞
The Mainichi answers common questions that readers may have about why corporate executives who receive high-level remunerations are identified and their amounts disclosed.
（何故高額の役員報酬が公表されるのか毎日新聞がお答えします）
◇不適切な経営判断けん制 基準は米国参考「年１億円以上」
◆なぜ高額の役員報酬が公表されるの？
Question: Major cosmetics company Shiseido Co. has recently announced the amount of its president's remuneration. Is it a rare move?
なるほドリ 大手化粧品メーカーの資生堂が、社長の報酬額を発表したけど、珍しいの？
Answer: Japanese listed companies are supposed to disclose their business performance and financial situation in their annual financial reports. Even though all listed firms are legally required to announce the total amount of their board members' remunerations, they were not mandated at all to specify the amounts of individual board members' remunerations until recently. Therefore, most of the companies have withheld such information even though some companies, including semiconductor supplier Tokyo Electron Ltd., have voluntarily disclosed their chief executive officers' remuneration in their financial statements.
記者 日本の上場企業は毎年、金融商品取引法に基づき、事業状況や財務内容などを有価証券報告書で公表します。報告書には役員報酬の総額を記載しなくてはなりませんが、それぞれがいくらもらったかの「個別開示」は義務付けられていませんでした。東京エレクトロンなど、報告書で自主的に代表取締役の報酬を明らかにしている企業もありますが、ほとんどの日本企業は個別開示していないのです。
Q: How about listed companies in the United States?
Ｑ 米国の上場企業は個別開示しているの？
A: They publicize remunerations for their top five board members, who have earned the largest amounts of pay over the previous three years. In Britain, listed firms announce all individual board members' remunerations. Most major industrialized democracies including Canada, Germany, France and Italy have their own regulations on the announcement of individual corporate executives' remunerations. The move is aimed at discouraging companies from paying excessive amounts of compensation to executives when their business performance is slumping.
Ａ 報酬額トップ５人の過去３年間分を開示しています。英国では役員全員の個別報酬を公表しています。そのほか、カナダ、ドイツ、フランス、イタリアなど主要先進国の多くが個別開示のルールを定めています。「業績不振にもかかわらず、トップに巨額報酬を支払ってしまう」などの不適切な経営判断をけん制するのが狙いです。
Q: In Western countries, the transparency of board members' remunerations has been encouraged, hasn't it?
Ｑ 欧米各国では、役員報酬の透明化が進んでいるんだね。
A: In Japan, too, the Financial Services Agency (FSA) revised regulations on the standards for information to be disclosed in companies' financial statements to obligate firms to identify their board members and auditors who earn at least 100 million yen a year and specify their exact amounts.
Ａ 日本でも金融庁が３月、報告書の公表基準を定める内閣府令を改正し、年間１億円以上の報酬を受けた取締役や監査役の名前と金額の公表を義務付けました。
The new rules apply to corporate financial statements for fiscal 2009 that must be submitted to authorities by the end of June, or later. Some business leaders voiced opposition to the move due to privacy concerns, but the FSA justified it on the grounds that listed companies, for which numerous shareholders invest their funds, have a public mission and should publicize their specific information on relations between their business performances and remunerations for their executives.
６月末が提出期限となる１０年３月期の有価証券報告書から適用されます。経済界からは、プライバシー保護などを理由に反対の声が上がりましたが、金融庁は「多数の株主が投資する上場会社は、公的存在。業績と報酬の関係について具体的に情報開示すべきだ」と説明しています。
Behind the move is the fact that State Minister for Financial Services Shizuka Kamei expressed displeasure at the fact that Shinsei Bank that ran deeply in the red last fiscal year pays huge amounts of compensation to board members who are from a foreign company that holds a stake in the bank. "Its president gets a mere 9 million yen, but each board member from a foreign stakeholder earn a ridiculously high remuneration of 150 million yen," Kamei complained.
また、１０年３月期に巨額赤字を計上した新生銀行に対し、亀井静香金融相が「社長は９００万円なのに、外資（出身の役員）が１億５０００万円ぐらいのべらぼうな報酬を取っている」と不快感を表明したことも背景にあるようです。
Q: Why are only those who earn over 100 million yen subject to the rules?
Ｑ なぜ、１億円以上なの？
A: The agency made the decision considering that the figure is the average amount of remunerations paid to chief executives officers of listed companies in the United States. However, the levels of remunerations for Japanese listed companies are lower than those in the United States and Europe. Fulltime board members of Japanese listed firms receive approximately 25 million yen on average. Therefore, most of Japanese listed companies will unlikely be required to disclose their individual board members' remunerations.
Ａ 米国の上場企業の最高経営責任者（ＣＥＯ）がもらっている報酬水準を参考にしたそうです。でも、日本の上場企業の役員報酬は欧米企業に比べて低く、常勤の取締役で平均２５００万円程度。日本の場合、ほとんどの企業が「開示対象なし」となる見通しです。
It is also notable that the new rules obligate listed companies to disclose their standards for calculating their executives' remunerations and how to determine the amounts. In other words, listed companies are required to fulfill their accountability for how they decide on compensation for their executives. (Answers by Masahiro Nakai, Economic News Department)
もう一つ注目したいのが、役員報酬の算定基準や決定方法の公表を新たに義務付けたこと。役員報酬をどのように決めているのかについて、企業側は説明責任を果たさなくてはなりません。（経済部）
毎日新聞 2010年6月4日 東京朝刊
News Navigator: Why are corporate executives' remunerations disclosed?
質問なるほドリ：なぜ高額の役員報酬が公表されるの？＝回答・中井正裕
＜ＮＥＷＳ ＮＡＶＩＧＡＴＯＲ＞
The Mainichi answers common questions that readers may have about why corporate executives who receive high-level remunerations are identified and their amounts disclosed.
（何故高額の役員報酬が公表されるのか毎日新聞がお答えします）
◇不適切な経営判断けん制 基準は米国参考「年１億円以上」
◆なぜ高額の役員報酬が公表されるの？
Question: Major cosmetics company Shiseido Co. has recently announced the amount of its president's remuneration. Is it a rare move?
なるほドリ 大手化粧品メーカーの資生堂が、社長の報酬額を発表したけど、珍しいの？
Answer: Japanese listed companies are supposed to disclose their business performance and financial situation in their annual financial reports. Even though all listed firms are legally required to announce the total amount of their board members' remunerations, they were not mandated at all to specify the amounts of individual board members' remunerations until recently. Therefore, most of the companies have withheld such information even though some companies, including semiconductor supplier Tokyo Electron Ltd., have voluntarily disclosed their chief executive officers' remuneration in their financial statements.
記者 日本の上場企業は毎年、金融商品取引法に基づき、事業状況や財務内容などを有価証券報告書で公表します。報告書には役員報酬の総額を記載しなくてはなりませんが、それぞれがいくらもらったかの「個別開示」は義務付けられていませんでした。東京エレクトロンなど、報告書で自主的に代表取締役の報酬を明らかにしている企業もありますが、ほとんどの日本企業は個別開示していないのです。
Q: How about listed companies in the United States?
Ｑ 米国の上場企業は個別開示しているの？
A: They publicize remunerations for their top five board members, who have earned the largest amounts of pay over the previous three years. In Britain, listed firms announce all individual board members' remunerations. Most major industrialized democracies including Canada, Germany, France and Italy have their own regulations on the announcement of individual corporate executives' remunerations. The move is aimed at discouraging companies from paying excessive amounts of compensation to executives when their business performance is slumping.
Ａ 報酬額トップ５人の過去３年間分を開示しています。英国では役員全員の個別報酬を公表しています。そのほか、カナダ、ドイツ、フランス、イタリアなど主要先進国の多くが個別開示のルールを定めています。「業績不振にもかかわらず、トップに巨額報酬を支払ってしまう」などの不適切な経営判断をけん制するのが狙いです。
Q: In Western countries, the transparency of board members' remunerations has been encouraged, hasn't it?
Ｑ 欧米各国では、役員報酬の透明化が進んでいるんだね。
A: In Japan, too, the Financial Services Agency (FSA) revised regulations on the standards for information to be disclosed in companies' financial statements to obligate firms to identify their board members and auditors who earn at least 100 million yen a year and specify their exact amounts.
Ａ 日本でも金融庁が３月、報告書の公表基準を定める内閣府令を改正し、年間１億円以上の報酬を受けた取締役や監査役の名前と金額の公表を義務付けました。
The new rules apply to corporate financial statements for fiscal 2009 that must be submitted to authorities by the end of June, or later. Some business leaders voiced opposition to the move due to privacy concerns, but the FSA justified it on the grounds that listed companies, for which numerous shareholders invest their funds, have a public mission and should publicize their specific information on relations between their business performances and remunerations for their executives.
６月末が提出期限となる１０年３月期の有価証券報告書から適用されます。経済界からは、プライバシー保護などを理由に反対の声が上がりましたが、金融庁は「多数の株主が投資する上場会社は、公的存在。業績と報酬の関係について具体的に情報開示すべきだ」と説明しています。
Behind the move is the fact that State Minister for Financial Services Shizuka Kamei expressed displeasure at the fact that Shinsei Bank that ran deeply in the red last fiscal year pays huge amounts of compensation to board members who are from a foreign company that holds a stake in the bank. "Its president gets a mere 9 million yen, but each board member from a foreign stakeholder earn a ridiculously high remuneration of 150 million yen," Kamei complained.
また、１０年３月期に巨額赤字を計上した新生銀行に対し、亀井静香金融相が「社長は９００万円なのに、外資（出身の役員）が１億５０００万円ぐらいのべらぼうな報酬を取っている」と不快感を表明したことも背景にあるようです。
Q: Why are only those who earn over 100 million yen subject to the rules?
Ｑ なぜ、１億円以上なの？
A: The agency made the decision considering that the figure is the average amount of remunerations paid to chief executives officers of listed companies in the United States. However, the levels of remunerations for Japanese listed companies are lower than those in the United States and Europe. Fulltime board members of Japanese listed firms receive approximately 25 million yen on average. Therefore, most of Japanese listed companies will unlikely be required to disclose their individual board members' remunerations.
Ａ 米国の上場企業の最高経営責任者（ＣＥＯ）がもらっている報酬水準を参考にしたそうです。でも、日本の上場企業の役員報酬は欧米企業に比べて低く、常勤の取締役で平均２５００万円程度。日本の場合、ほとんどの企業が「開示対象なし」となる見通しです。
It is also notable that the new rules obligate listed companies to disclose their standards for calculating their executives' remunerations and how to determine the amounts. In other words, listed companies are required to fulfill their accountability for how they decide on compensation for their executives. (Answers by Masahiro Nakai, Economic News Department)
もう一つ注目したいのが、役員報酬の算定基準や決定方法の公表を新たに義務付けたこと。役員報酬をどのように決めているのかについて、企業側は説明責任を果たさなくてはなりません。（経済部）
毎日新聞 2010年6月4日 東京朝刊
2010年05月13日
発信箱：「仮面」の人たち＝滝野隆浩（社会部）
翻訳抜けの部分を補いました。（和文、英文）
（ ）で示しています。
(Mainichi Japan) May 12, 2010
Masked social withdrawal linked to Japanese culture
発信箱：「仮面」の人たち＝滝野隆浩（社会部）
At the Sayama Psychological Institute in Saitama Prefecture stands a collection of sketches.
(埼玉県狭山市の狭山心理研究所には一冊のスケッチブックが置かれている-by srachai）
The first drawing is too hard to make out. It almost looks like an expressionless "umi-bozu," a type of sea monster.
１枚目は何が描かれているか分からなかった。あえていえば「のっぺらぼうの海ぼうず」のよう。
The second shows something like a person's face behind a stream of diagonal lines.
２枚目はぐちゃぐちゃの斜線の向こうに人の顔のようなものが。
The third can actually be made out. It is the picture of a woman's head, as seen from behind.
３枚目は分かる。後ろから見た女性の頭部。
(There is a vivid mole on back of the neck. -by srachai)
うなじに鮮やかにホクロがある。
These pictures, sketched by reclusive patients at the institute, are of their "mother's face."
これが「お母さんの顔」なのだという。
One wonders if their mothers ever looked at them when they were young.
子供のころ、ママは振り向いてくれなかったか。
The institute accommodates a number of patients between their 20s and 50s who have withdrawn from society.
狭山心理研究所（埼玉県狭山市）には２０〜５０歳代の「ひきこもり」たちが通っている。
Rather than focusing on cases in which people have shut themselves inside their rooms, facility therapist Yuichi Hattori, 60, has turned his attention toward "underlying social withdrawal" among people who normally appear cheerful.
セラピストの服部雄一さん（６０）が気になっているのは部屋に閉じこもるケースより、ふだんは「明るい人」を演じている「潜在的ひきこもり」だ。
They come from good families, have good academic backgrounds, and are amiable, but they cannot build relationships with other people.
家柄もよく、学歴も高く、人当たりもいいのに、人間関係が築けない。
They are concerned about the masks behind which they are hiding.
そんな自らの「仮面」に悩む人たち。
When the patients are asked during therapy to draw a picture of their mother on an A4-sized sheet of paper, none of them can draw the face -- this was the case in the dozen or so examples that I was shown.
セラピーでＡ４判の紙に母の絵を描かせると、みな顔が描けない。見せてもらった十数枚全部そうだった。
Reclusive patients at the institute commonly come from homes that are concerned about social appearances.
同研究所のひきこもりは、世間体を気にする家に多いという。
They are well-off, but the father is absent.
裕福だが、父は不在。
The mother cannot express her feelings.
母は感情表現ができない。
Children who are brought up in such an environment have no chance of having contact with other people.
そんな環境で育った子供たちが他人とかかわれるはずがない。
They try to please their mother at home, and when they go out into society, they try to suit those around them.
母に合わせてきたいい子たちは、社会に出ても他人に合わせようとする。
But they don't know how to go about love.
でも、恋愛の「仕方」はわからない。
They think that marriage is impossible and that babies are creepy.
結婚なんて無理。赤ちゃんは不気味……。
"This is not just the case at our institute," Hattori says. "Social withdrawal is a pathology that has affixed itself to Japanese culture."
「うちだけの話じゃない。ひきこもりは日本文化に固着した病理」と服部さんは断言する。
Such a culture values the home and groups over the individual, and approves of a dual nature of an outward and inner self. 個人よりも家や集団を優先し、本音と建前の二面性を容認する。
Rather then considering the question of good and evil, homes and society place importance on harmony.
善悪より和が大事な家と社会。
"The people who have wiped out their own existence can't find themselves.
「自分を消してきた人は、そもそも消す自分が見つけられない。
They look like good people but they can't make decisions, and are swayed by the opinions of those around them," Hattori says.
いい人にみえるが、実は決断ができず、他人の意見に振り回されてしまう」。
A therapist who has turned his face toward the cries of people's hearts from beneath their masks has unexpectedly traced the problem to Japanese culture.
仮面の下の心の叫びに向き合ってきたセラピストが、期せずしてたどり着いた日本文化論。
When considering Japan's declining birth rate, the situation is foreboding.
少子化が進む現状と考え合わせると、とても怖くなる。
(By Takahiro Takino, City News Department, Mainichi Shimbun)
毎日新聞 2010年5月12日 0時11分
（ ）で示しています。
(Mainichi Japan) May 12, 2010
Masked social withdrawal linked to Japanese culture
発信箱：「仮面」の人たち＝滝野隆浩（社会部）
At the Sayama Psychological Institute in Saitama Prefecture stands a collection of sketches.
(埼玉県狭山市の狭山心理研究所には一冊のスケッチブックが置かれている-by srachai）
The first drawing is too hard to make out. It almost looks like an expressionless "umi-bozu," a type of sea monster.
１枚目は何が描かれているか分からなかった。あえていえば「のっぺらぼうの海ぼうず」のよう。
The second shows something like a person's face behind a stream of diagonal lines.
２枚目はぐちゃぐちゃの斜線の向こうに人の顔のようなものが。
The third can actually be made out. It is the picture of a woman's head, as seen from behind.
３枚目は分かる。後ろから見た女性の頭部。
(There is a vivid mole on back of the neck. -by srachai)
うなじに鮮やかにホクロがある。
These pictures, sketched by reclusive patients at the institute, are of their "mother's face."
これが「お母さんの顔」なのだという。
One wonders if their mothers ever looked at them when they were young.
子供のころ、ママは振り向いてくれなかったか。
The institute accommodates a number of patients between their 20s and 50s who have withdrawn from society.
狭山心理研究所（埼玉県狭山市）には２０〜５０歳代の「ひきこもり」たちが通っている。
Rather than focusing on cases in which people have shut themselves inside their rooms, facility therapist Yuichi Hattori, 60, has turned his attention toward "underlying social withdrawal" among people who normally appear cheerful.
セラピストの服部雄一さん（６０）が気になっているのは部屋に閉じこもるケースより、ふだんは「明るい人」を演じている「潜在的ひきこもり」だ。
They come from good families, have good academic backgrounds, and are amiable, but they cannot build relationships with other people.
家柄もよく、学歴も高く、人当たりもいいのに、人間関係が築けない。
They are concerned about the masks behind which they are hiding.
そんな自らの「仮面」に悩む人たち。
When the patients are asked during therapy to draw a picture of their mother on an A4-sized sheet of paper, none of them can draw the face -- this was the case in the dozen or so examples that I was shown.
セラピーでＡ４判の紙に母の絵を描かせると、みな顔が描けない。見せてもらった十数枚全部そうだった。
Reclusive patients at the institute commonly come from homes that are concerned about social appearances.
同研究所のひきこもりは、世間体を気にする家に多いという。
They are well-off, but the father is absent.
裕福だが、父は不在。
The mother cannot express her feelings.
母は感情表現ができない。
Children who are brought up in such an environment have no chance of having contact with other people.
そんな環境で育った子供たちが他人とかかわれるはずがない。
They try to please their mother at home, and when they go out into society, they try to suit those around them.
母に合わせてきたいい子たちは、社会に出ても他人に合わせようとする。
But they don't know how to go about love.
でも、恋愛の「仕方」はわからない。
They think that marriage is impossible and that babies are creepy.
結婚なんて無理。赤ちゃんは不気味……。
"This is not just the case at our institute," Hattori says. "Social withdrawal is a pathology that has affixed itself to Japanese culture."
「うちだけの話じゃない。ひきこもりは日本文化に固着した病理」と服部さんは断言する。
Such a culture values the home and groups over the individual, and approves of a dual nature of an outward and inner self. 個人よりも家や集団を優先し、本音と建前の二面性を容認する。
Rather then considering the question of good and evil, homes and society place importance on harmony.
善悪より和が大事な家と社会。
"The people who have wiped out their own existence can't find themselves.
「自分を消してきた人は、そもそも消す自分が見つけられない。
They look like good people but they can't make decisions, and are swayed by the opinions of those around them," Hattori says.
いい人にみえるが、実は決断ができず、他人の意見に振り回されてしまう」。
A therapist who has turned his face toward the cries of people's hearts from beneath their masks has unexpectedly traced the problem to Japanese culture.
仮面の下の心の叫びに向き合ってきたセラピストが、期せずしてたどり着いた日本文化論。
When considering Japan's declining birth rate, the situation is foreboding.
少子化が進む現状と考え合わせると、とても怖くなる。
(By Takahiro Takino, City News Department, Mainichi Shimbun)
毎日新聞 2010年5月12日 0時11分
2009年08月30日
衆院選：民主単独で３００議席超へ 鳩山政権誕生が確実に
歴史的な政権交代となりましたね。
消費税は4年間据え置き。
どうやって社会保障財源を確保するのか心配です。
しかしながら民主党の政権をとることが決まった以上、
我々も覚悟を決めて、民主新日本丸に乗船しなければなりません。
期待と不安が交じり合った複雑な心境です。
（スラチャイ）
(Mainichi Japan) August 30, 2009
Opposition Democratic Party of Japan set to win election in landslide
衆院選：民主単独で３００議席超へ 鳩山政権誕生が確実に
The largest opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) is set to score a landslide victory in Sunday's general election, likely capturing more than 300 of the 480 seats in the House of Representatives, according to Mainichi Shimbun exit polls.
The DPJ is certain to take over the reins of government, putting an end to the 10-year-old coalition government comprised of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Komeito (NKP).
DPJ leader Yukio Hatoyama will be elected prime minister at a special Diet session that must be called within 30 days after the polling day under the Constitution, and form a Cabinet.
The LDP is expected to suffer a humiliating defeat, possibly falling short of 100 seats.
The focal point of Sunday's general election has been whether the DPJ will take over the reins of government or the LDP-NKP coalition will stay in power.
Vote counting began immediately after almost all of about 51,000 polling stations across the country closed at 8 p.m.
As of 10:40 p.m., the DPJ had won 243 seats, the LDP 62, NKP 11, the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) five, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) two, the People's New Party (PNP) two, the Your Party (YP) three and the New Party Nippon (NPN) one, while the Japan Renaissance Party (JRP) had won no seats. Four independents have also been elected to the chamber.
All winners in the nation's 300 single-seat constituencies (SSC) will be announced by about 1 a.m. on Monday and all those elected in the proportional representation blocs (PRB) will be determined by around 3 a.m.
The voter turnout was 53 percent as of 7:30 p.m., down 2.65 points from the previous election in 2005. However, as the number of those who cast absentee ballots was more than 50 percent more than the previous election, final voter turnout is expected to be above that in the previous election, which stood at 67.51 percent.
A confidence vote among the public for nine Supreme Court justices, who were appointed after the previous Lower House election, was also held simultaneously with the general election.
日本語の速報↓
第４５回衆院選は３０日投票され、同日午後８時、投票が締め切られた。即日開票され、３１日未明には新たな４８０議席が確定する見通し。毎日新聞が全国３００小選挙区の投票所で実施した出口調査によると、民主党が圧倒的に優勢で、比例代表と合わせ単独で過半数（２４１議席）を大きく上回り、３００議席を超える可能性が高い。民主党が結党後初の政権交代を果たし、鳩山由紀夫代表を首相とする鳩山政権が誕生するのは確実になった。
自民党は公示前の３００議席から大幅に議席を減らす惨敗で、１００議席を割る可能性もある。自民、公明両党の連立政権は１０年で終止符を打つことになった。
午後７時半現在の投票率は５３．００％（男性５３．５４％、女性５２．４８％）で、前回０５年衆院選の同時刻より２．６５ポイント低い。一方、２９日に締め切った期日前投票は１３９８万４９６８人（全有権者数の１３．４０％）と前回の１．５６倍で、過去３回の国政選挙で最も多かった約１０８０万人（０７年参院選）を超え、過去最多となった。最終的な投票率は前回の６７．５１％（小選挙区）を上回りそうだ。
毎日新聞 2009年8月30日 21時02分（最終更新 8月30日 22時08分）
消費税は4年間据え置き。
どうやって社会保障財源を確保するのか心配です。
しかしながら民主党の政権をとることが決まった以上、
我々も覚悟を決めて、民主新日本丸に乗船しなければなりません。
期待と不安が交じり合った複雑な心境です。
（スラチャイ）
(Mainichi Japan) August 30, 2009
Opposition Democratic Party of Japan set to win election in landslide
衆院選：民主単独で３００議席超へ 鳩山政権誕生が確実に
The largest opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) is set to score a landslide victory in Sunday's general election, likely capturing more than 300 of the 480 seats in the House of Representatives, according to Mainichi Shimbun exit polls.
The DPJ is certain to take over the reins of government, putting an end to the 10-year-old coalition government comprised of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Komeito (NKP).
DPJ leader Yukio Hatoyama will be elected prime minister at a special Diet session that must be called within 30 days after the polling day under the Constitution, and form a Cabinet.
The LDP is expected to suffer a humiliating defeat, possibly falling short of 100 seats.
The focal point of Sunday's general election has been whether the DPJ will take over the reins of government or the LDP-NKP coalition will stay in power.
Vote counting began immediately after almost all of about 51,000 polling stations across the country closed at 8 p.m.
As of 10:40 p.m., the DPJ had won 243 seats, the LDP 62, NKP 11, the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) five, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) two, the People's New Party (PNP) two, the Your Party (YP) three and the New Party Nippon (NPN) one, while the Japan Renaissance Party (JRP) had won no seats. Four independents have also been elected to the chamber.
All winners in the nation's 300 single-seat constituencies (SSC) will be announced by about 1 a.m. on Monday and all those elected in the proportional representation blocs (PRB) will be determined by around 3 a.m.
The voter turnout was 53 percent as of 7:30 p.m., down 2.65 points from the previous election in 2005. However, as the number of those who cast absentee ballots was more than 50 percent more than the previous election, final voter turnout is expected to be above that in the previous election, which stood at 67.51 percent.
A confidence vote among the public for nine Supreme Court justices, who were appointed after the previous Lower House election, was also held simultaneously with the general election.
日本語の速報↓
第４５回衆院選は３０日投票され、同日午後８時、投票が締め切られた。即日開票され、３１日未明には新たな４８０議席が確定する見通し。毎日新聞が全国３００小選挙区の投票所で実施した出口調査によると、民主党が圧倒的に優勢で、比例代表と合わせ単独で過半数（２４１議席）を大きく上回り、３００議席を超える可能性が高い。民主党が結党後初の政権交代を果たし、鳩山由紀夫代表を首相とする鳩山政権が誕生するのは確実になった。
自民党は公示前の３００議席から大幅に議席を減らす惨敗で、１００議席を割る可能性もある。自民、公明両党の連立政権は１０年で終止符を打つことになった。
午後７時半現在の投票率は５３．００％（男性５３．５４％、女性５２．４８％）で、前回０５年衆院選の同時刻より２．６５ポイント低い。一方、２９日に締め切った期日前投票は１３９８万４９６８人（全有権者数の１３．４０％）と前回の１．５６倍で、過去３回の国政選挙で最も多かった約１０８０万人（０７年参院選）を超え、過去最多となった。最終的な投票率は前回の６７．５１％（小選挙区）を上回りそうだ。
毎日新聞 2009年8月30日 21時02分（最終更新 8月30日 22時08分）
2009年08月17日
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：芸能界の違法薬物問題 ／東京
(Mainichi Japan) August 16, 2009
Alleged drug use by celebrities sending shockwaves through Japanese society
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：芸能界の違法薬物問題 ／東京
芸能界の違法薬物問題が、社会に大きな衝撃を与えている。
In times past, people in show business were seen as unique and free-spirited, living outside the rules of society. In recent years, however, I'd heard celebrities being characterized as well-mannered and generally the model-student type, barely touching alcohol or going out all night. "Unless you're the serious type, the kind who's interested only in pets and books, there's no way you can survive the brutal world of show biz," a friend of mine who works at a television station once told me.
その昔は、芸能人といえば個性的で奔放、世の中のルールの枠外で生きる人たちというイメージもあったが、最近はむしろ礼儀正しく優等生的な人が増えていると聞いた。「お酒も飲まず夜遊びもしない、趣味は読書とペット、なんていうまじめなタイプでなければ、今の厳しい芸能界で生き抜いていけないよ」とテレビ局に勤める友人が教えてくれたこともあった。
Having been on television programs with young celebs, I've found them to be surprisingly hardworking and polite. Whenever I encounter students with a poor command of honorific language at the university where I teach, I silently think, "You really could learn a thing or two from spending a few months at a talent agency."
私もたまにテレビの情報番組で若いタレントさんといっしょになることがあるが、みな勉強熱心であいさつもきちんとできるので驚かされる。大学で敬語も使えない学生を見るたび、「キミたち、芸能プロダクションで何カ月か修業してくれば」と言いたくなる。
And yet, just recently, celebrities popular among the younger generation have been arrested on suspicion of drug possession and use. More than a few fans must have been disappointed to discover that their beloved idols were irresponsible people after all.
それにもかかわらず今回、若者に人気の俳優やタレントが、麻薬や覚せい剤を所持・使用していた容疑が判明した。「結局はいいかげんな人たちだったのか」と失望したファンも多いのではないか。
Every time the issue of drug abuse in the entertainment industry resurfaces, people attribute it to the acute pressures of the industry. Indeed, show business is characterized by irregular employment, where a top star today could have the plug pulled on a on his TV series next month. Those with a strong sense of duty especially must experience sleepless nights, worrying about an unpredictable tomorrow and the trouble they could potentially cause their family and colleagues.
こういった芸能界の麻薬や覚せい剤汚染が問題になるたび、「浮き沈みの激しい業界のプレッシャー」が原因ではないか、という声が上がる。たしかに芸能界や音楽界は、ある意味で非正規雇用者の集団。今日は人気者でも来月には「ドラマ打ち切り」などの憂き目にあうかもしれない。とくに責任感の強い人なら、「明日はどうなるのだろう、家族やスタッフに迷惑をかけるのでは」と不安で眠れない夜もあるに違いない。
Still, turning to drugs to alleviate pressures one finds unbearable is unacceptable. Perhaps I'm being harsh, but people who are that fragile are probably not fit for show business to begin with.
とはいえ、そのプレッシャーに耐えられず、それを紛らわすために薬物に手を出すようなことがあってよいはずはない。厳しい言い方をすれば、それほど脆弱（ぜいじゃく）な人は、そもそも芸能人に向いていない、と言ってもよいかもしれない。
Drugs momentarily provide users with extraordinary sensations, but they also have various harmful effects on the body. Most of all, their danger lies in the emotional and physical dependency that users can develop on them, making quitting incredibly difficult. You could say that virtually no one who uses drugs thinking they'll stop "after a few times" is actually able to do so.
麻薬や覚せい剤は、使用した瞬間はいつもと違う刺激や感覚が味わえるが、身体にはいろいろ有害な影響がある。それに何より精神的、身体的な依存に陥り、「もうやめよう」と思ってもやめられなくなるのが恐ろしい。遊び感覚で「数回だけなら」と思って使用し、本当に数回でやめられた人はほとんどいないと言ってもよい。
There are reports that of late, drugs, seen as "relaxation medication" or something akin to vitamins and dietary supplements, are exchanged among young people with ease. Regardless of one's justification for drug use -- be it to relieve stress, seek excitement, or as mere recreation -- what is wrong is wrong. If you are unwilling to experience your demise and that of those around you, take this to heart: do not mess with drugs. (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
さらに最近は、若い人のあいだでは麻薬が「サプリメント」と「リラックスできる薬」などと言われて、気軽に受け渡しされているとも聞く。プレッシャーから逃れるため、刺激を求めて、遊び気分で。どんな言い訳をしようと、ダメなものはダメ。自分とまわりを崩壊させたくないなら、手を出すべきではない。これだけは肝に銘じておきたい。
毎日新聞 2009年8月11日 地方版
Alleged drug use by celebrities sending shockwaves through Japanese society
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：芸能界の違法薬物問題 ／東京
芸能界の違法薬物問題が、社会に大きな衝撃を与えている。
In times past, people in show business were seen as unique and free-spirited, living outside the rules of society. In recent years, however, I'd heard celebrities being characterized as well-mannered and generally the model-student type, barely touching alcohol or going out all night. "Unless you're the serious type, the kind who's interested only in pets and books, there's no way you can survive the brutal world of show biz," a friend of mine who works at a television station once told me.
その昔は、芸能人といえば個性的で奔放、世の中のルールの枠外で生きる人たちというイメージもあったが、最近はむしろ礼儀正しく優等生的な人が増えていると聞いた。「お酒も飲まず夜遊びもしない、趣味は読書とペット、なんていうまじめなタイプでなければ、今の厳しい芸能界で生き抜いていけないよ」とテレビ局に勤める友人が教えてくれたこともあった。
Having been on television programs with young celebs, I've found them to be surprisingly hardworking and polite. Whenever I encounter students with a poor command of honorific language at the university where I teach, I silently think, "You really could learn a thing or two from spending a few months at a talent agency."
私もたまにテレビの情報番組で若いタレントさんといっしょになることがあるが、みな勉強熱心であいさつもきちんとできるので驚かされる。大学で敬語も使えない学生を見るたび、「キミたち、芸能プロダクションで何カ月か修業してくれば」と言いたくなる。
And yet, just recently, celebrities popular among the younger generation have been arrested on suspicion of drug possession and use. More than a few fans must have been disappointed to discover that their beloved idols were irresponsible people after all.
それにもかかわらず今回、若者に人気の俳優やタレントが、麻薬や覚せい剤を所持・使用していた容疑が判明した。「結局はいいかげんな人たちだったのか」と失望したファンも多いのではないか。
Every time the issue of drug abuse in the entertainment industry resurfaces, people attribute it to the acute pressures of the industry. Indeed, show business is characterized by irregular employment, where a top star today could have the plug pulled on a on his TV series next month. Those with a strong sense of duty especially must experience sleepless nights, worrying about an unpredictable tomorrow and the trouble they could potentially cause their family and colleagues.
こういった芸能界の麻薬や覚せい剤汚染が問題になるたび、「浮き沈みの激しい業界のプレッシャー」が原因ではないか、という声が上がる。たしかに芸能界や音楽界は、ある意味で非正規雇用者の集団。今日は人気者でも来月には「ドラマ打ち切り」などの憂き目にあうかもしれない。とくに責任感の強い人なら、「明日はどうなるのだろう、家族やスタッフに迷惑をかけるのでは」と不安で眠れない夜もあるに違いない。
Still, turning to drugs to alleviate pressures one finds unbearable is unacceptable. Perhaps I'm being harsh, but people who are that fragile are probably not fit for show business to begin with.
とはいえ、そのプレッシャーに耐えられず、それを紛らわすために薬物に手を出すようなことがあってよいはずはない。厳しい言い方をすれば、それほど脆弱（ぜいじゃく）な人は、そもそも芸能人に向いていない、と言ってもよいかもしれない。
Drugs momentarily provide users with extraordinary sensations, but they also have various harmful effects on the body. Most of all, their danger lies in the emotional and physical dependency that users can develop on them, making quitting incredibly difficult. You could say that virtually no one who uses drugs thinking they'll stop "after a few times" is actually able to do so.
麻薬や覚せい剤は、使用した瞬間はいつもと違う刺激や感覚が味わえるが、身体にはいろいろ有害な影響がある。それに何より精神的、身体的な依存に陥り、「もうやめよう」と思ってもやめられなくなるのが恐ろしい。遊び感覚で「数回だけなら」と思って使用し、本当に数回でやめられた人はほとんどいないと言ってもよい。
There are reports that of late, drugs, seen as "relaxation medication" or something akin to vitamins and dietary supplements, are exchanged among young people with ease. Regardless of one's justification for drug use -- be it to relieve stress, seek excitement, or as mere recreation -- what is wrong is wrong. If you are unwilling to experience your demise and that of those around you, take this to heart: do not mess with drugs. (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
さらに最近は、若い人のあいだでは麻薬が「サプリメント」と「リラックスできる薬」などと言われて、気軽に受け渡しされているとも聞く。プレッシャーから逃れるため、刺激を求めて、遊び気分で。どんな言い訳をしようと、ダメなものはダメ。自分とまわりを崩壊させたくないなら、手を出すべきではない。これだけは肝に銘じておきたい。
毎日新聞 2009年8月11日 地方版
2009年07月13日
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：「大勢でも孤独」の若者増 ／東京
(Mainichi Japan) July 12, 2009
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Lonely in a crowd
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：「大勢でも孤独」の若者増 ／東京
This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Sony Walkman's debut. For decades, the name of that device was synonymous with the idea of portable music, though these days the iPod can probably claim that title among young people.
今年は「ウォークマン」が生まれて３０周年だそうだ。若い人は「ｉＰｏｄ」と言われたほうがピンとくるかもしれないが、長い間、ウォークマンは商品名をこえて、「持ち運び型音楽再生装置」の代名詞であった。
I believe that the Walkman drastically changed how people treat being alone. Before the era of the Walkman one of the only ways a person could be really alone was in their own room, but since the popularization of portable music, people can block out the sounds of the outside world with headphones, creating a private little world.
ウォークマンは、「個人」「ひとり」のあり方を大きく変えたと思う。それまで自分の部屋でしか「ひとり」に戻れなかったのに、イヤホンを耳にあてるだけで、外の音は遮断され、簡単に「ひとりの世界」に入り込むことができる。
The same is possible with portable radios, but with the Walkman people could listen to music from their own record collection, transferred to cassette tapes.
携帯ラジオでもそれは可能だが、ウォークマンの場合、イヤホンから聞こえてくるのはレコードからカセットテープにダビングした自分の好きな音楽だ。
Especially attractive was the ability to make mixed tapes using favorite tracks from a number of records, which must have led to an increasing focus on one's inner world. Even if surrounded by crowds, even if in a public place, a person with headphones on can think: "I am me, alone." I suspect such people who feel this way were certainly not rare in the Walkman era.
中には、録音の順番にこったり何枚かのアルバムを組み合わせて自分流に編集したテープを聞いている人もいた。そうなるとますます、脳の中に広がるのは「私だけの世界」。そうか、まわりに大勢、人がいても、公共の場にいても、いつだって私は私なんだ、とウォークマンの出現により実感した人も少なくないだろう。
Today's youth immerse themselves in worlds of their own right before our eyes, where they can live secluded from the rest of us. Feeding into these one person worlds, personal devices such as mobile phones and handheld game systems like the Sony PSP and Nintendo DS come on to the market one after another.
そして今の若者たちは、簡単に「ひとりの世界」を目の前に出現させ、そこにこもることができるようになった。それにぴったりの道具、携帯電話や携帯ゲーム器も次々登場して、あっという間に定着した。
The "make your own world anywhere" idea has gone too far, to the point that even on the train one sees people shamelessly putting on makeup or eating cups of instant noodles as though the train carriage was their own room. It's becoming a major problem. I think it is a good thing if youth can enjoy both being alone and with many other people.
「どこでも自分の世界」が行きすぎて、電車の中でも自分の部屋にいるかのように堂々と化粧をしたりカップラーメンを食べたりする人もいるのはやや問題だが、若い人たちが「みんなでいること」と「ひとりでいること」をうまく使い分けることができるのは、基本的に良いことではないかと思う。
On the other hand, I feel that an increasing number of people are coming to my office saying, "Even when I'm in a crowd I'm lonely." Even when they are at a popular singer's concert or when reading a best-selling novel, these patients can't feel any solidarity for those next to them or those reading the same book. Sometimes they consider making an effort to make a real connection with others, such as heading out to a workers' demonstration or other kinds of activities, but eventually decide not to go, feeling that even if they went to such a gathering, it would be them alone raising their voices.
ただ、診察室で見ていると、逆に「大勢でいても孤独」と感じる人も増えているような気がする。人気アーティストのライブに行ってもミリオンセラーの小説を読んでも、横の連帯を感じることができない。フリーターなどのデモに参加してみようか、などとも思うが、そこに行っても結局は自分ひとりで声を上げている、という気がするだけじゃないの、と想像すると飛び込めない。
Some may try to connect with people over the Internet, chatting with others through the medium of the keyboard, but when they turn off the power, the feeling of solidarity with those on the other end of the connection fizzles.
ネットで仲間を求め、チャットに参加しても、パソコンの電源を落とすと連帯感も消えてしまう……。
Whether in lively places or not, these patients say, they feel isolated, alienated.
にぎやかな場にいるにもかかわらず、孤独感、疎外感を感じてしまう、という訴えを、よく聞くようになった。
This year is the 30 anniversary of the Walkman. Yet I dream of a day when people will say, "That's enough of being alone," and once more crowd coffee houses that offer their customers the chance to sing their favorite songs together. (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
ウォークマン誕生から３０年。もしかすると今後また、「ひとりはもういいよ、みんなで音楽を聴いたり歌ったりしようよ」と名曲喫茶や歌声喫茶などが復活する日も来るのだろうか、などと夢想してみたりもする。
毎日新聞 2009年7月7日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Lonely in a crowd
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：「大勢でも孤独」の若者増 ／東京
This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Sony Walkman's debut. For decades, the name of that device was synonymous with the idea of portable music, though these days the iPod can probably claim that title among young people.
今年は「ウォークマン」が生まれて３０周年だそうだ。若い人は「ｉＰｏｄ」と言われたほうがピンとくるかもしれないが、長い間、ウォークマンは商品名をこえて、「持ち運び型音楽再生装置」の代名詞であった。
I believe that the Walkman drastically changed how people treat being alone. Before the era of the Walkman one of the only ways a person could be really alone was in their own room, but since the popularization of portable music, people can block out the sounds of the outside world with headphones, creating a private little world.
ウォークマンは、「個人」「ひとり」のあり方を大きく変えたと思う。それまで自分の部屋でしか「ひとり」に戻れなかったのに、イヤホンを耳にあてるだけで、外の音は遮断され、簡単に「ひとりの世界」に入り込むことができる。
The same is possible with portable radios, but with the Walkman people could listen to music from their own record collection, transferred to cassette tapes.
携帯ラジオでもそれは可能だが、ウォークマンの場合、イヤホンから聞こえてくるのはレコードからカセットテープにダビングした自分の好きな音楽だ。
Especially attractive was the ability to make mixed tapes using favorite tracks from a number of records, which must have led to an increasing focus on one's inner world. Even if surrounded by crowds, even if in a public place, a person with headphones on can think: "I am me, alone." I suspect such people who feel this way were certainly not rare in the Walkman era.
中には、録音の順番にこったり何枚かのアルバムを組み合わせて自分流に編集したテープを聞いている人もいた。そうなるとますます、脳の中に広がるのは「私だけの世界」。そうか、まわりに大勢、人がいても、公共の場にいても、いつだって私は私なんだ、とウォークマンの出現により実感した人も少なくないだろう。
Today's youth immerse themselves in worlds of their own right before our eyes, where they can live secluded from the rest of us. Feeding into these one person worlds, personal devices such as mobile phones and handheld game systems like the Sony PSP and Nintendo DS come on to the market one after another.
そして今の若者たちは、簡単に「ひとりの世界」を目の前に出現させ、そこにこもることができるようになった。それにぴったりの道具、携帯電話や携帯ゲーム器も次々登場して、あっという間に定着した。
The "make your own world anywhere" idea has gone too far, to the point that even on the train one sees people shamelessly putting on makeup or eating cups of instant noodles as though the train carriage was their own room. It's becoming a major problem. I think it is a good thing if youth can enjoy both being alone and with many other people.
「どこでも自分の世界」が行きすぎて、電車の中でも自分の部屋にいるかのように堂々と化粧をしたりカップラーメンを食べたりする人もいるのはやや問題だが、若い人たちが「みんなでいること」と「ひとりでいること」をうまく使い分けることができるのは、基本的に良いことではないかと思う。
On the other hand, I feel that an increasing number of people are coming to my office saying, "Even when I'm in a crowd I'm lonely." Even when they are at a popular singer's concert or when reading a best-selling novel, these patients can't feel any solidarity for those next to them or those reading the same book. Sometimes they consider making an effort to make a real connection with others, such as heading out to a workers' demonstration or other kinds of activities, but eventually decide not to go, feeling that even if they went to such a gathering, it would be them alone raising their voices.
ただ、診察室で見ていると、逆に「大勢でいても孤独」と感じる人も増えているような気がする。人気アーティストのライブに行ってもミリオンセラーの小説を読んでも、横の連帯を感じることができない。フリーターなどのデモに参加してみようか、などとも思うが、そこに行っても結局は自分ひとりで声を上げている、という気がするだけじゃないの、と想像すると飛び込めない。
Some may try to connect with people over the Internet, chatting with others through the medium of the keyboard, but when they turn off the power, the feeling of solidarity with those on the other end of the connection fizzles.
ネットで仲間を求め、チャットに参加しても、パソコンの電源を落とすと連帯感も消えてしまう……。
Whether in lively places or not, these patients say, they feel isolated, alienated.
にぎやかな場にいるにもかかわらず、孤独感、疎外感を感じてしまう、という訴えを、よく聞くようになった。
This year is the 30 anniversary of the Walkman. Yet I dream of a day when people will say, "That's enough of being alone," and once more crowd coffee houses that offer their customers the chance to sing their favorite songs together. (By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
ウォークマン誕生から３０年。もしかすると今後また、「ひとりはもういいよ、みんなで音楽を聴いたり歌ったりしようよ」と名曲喫茶や歌声喫茶などが復活する日も来るのだろうか、などと夢想してみたりもする。
毎日新聞 2009年7月7日 地方版
2009年06月15日
戦国史跡：「歴女」急増中 武将の男らしさに…
(Mainichi Japan) June 14, 2009
New wave of 'history girls' wooed by warlords' masculinity
戦国史跡：「歴女」急増中 武将の男らしさに…
Young women are flocking to significant landmarks from the Warring States period, and college girls are buying up samurai-themed products. Sales of historical books are up, and there have been efforts to revive the publication of paperbacks on warlords. Behind this craze is the surge in "reki-jo" or "history girls." But why now?
歴史をテーマにした書店「時代屋」には「歴女」と呼ばれる女性たちが足を運ぶ＝東京都千代田区で２００９年５月２６日午後、佐々木順一撮影 戦国時代の史跡が若い女性たちでにぎわい、武将をテーマにしたグッズも女子大生らに人気だ。背景にあるのは、歴史好きの女性「レキジョ」（歴女）の増加。歴史を扱う本の売れ行きも好調で、武将を取り上げた文庫本を復刊する動きも出ている。なぜ、いまレキジョなのか。【田村彰子、遠藤拓】
On weekends, Jidai Shobo, a bookstore specializing in historical books in Tokyo's Chiyoda Ward, is packed with groups of young women. Most of the shop's customers were men when it first opened in February 2006, but by last year, half were women, of which around 90 percent are in their 20s and 30s.
０６年２月に開店した書店「歴史時代書房・時代屋」（東京都千代田区）は、週末になると若い女性のグループであふれかえる。開店当初は男性客が中心だったが、昨年は男女ほぼ同数に。女性客の９割は２０〜３０代という。
Stationery and mobile phone accessories with family crests of feudal lords line the shelves, with figurines of Sanada Yukimura, the most popular of the warlords, and others also for sale. "I like Kato Kiyomasa," says customer Izumi Sekine, 34, of a warlord who served the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. "There's an almost picture-perfect masculinity about him."
店内には、大名家の家紋をあしらった文具やストラップなどがズラリ。武将の中で一番人気という真田幸村などのフィギュアも人気を集める。江東区の会社員、関根いずみさん（３４）は「加藤清正が好き。絵に描いたような男らしさにひかれます」と笑顔を見せた。
In August 2008, the Kojuro Plaza opened in the city of Shiroishi in Miyagi Prefecture, home of Katakura Kojuro, a senior retainer of the 17th century warlord Date Masamune. Sales of Kojuro-related goods subsequently exceeded 100,000 yen on some days. Visitors to Shiroishi Castle during the week-long holiday in May jumped to 135 percent compared to the previous year, and most recent visitors have been young women, according to city officials. The tourist center in Ueda, Sanada Yukimura's hometown in Nagano Prefecture, has also enjoyed a jump in sales.
一方、伊達政宗の側近、片倉小十郎の地元・宮城県白石市。昨年８月、ＪＲ白石駅前に小十郎プラザを開設したところ、グッズの売り上げが１０万円以上に達した日もある。白石城の大型連休の入場者数は前年比１３５％。市によると、若い女性ばかりが訪れているという。幸村の地元・長野県上田市の市観光会館でも、関連グッズの売れ行きが好調だ。
The publishing business has felt the effects of this boom as well. Monthly magazine "Rekishi kaido" ("History way") had a circulation of less than 70,000 copies five years ago; now it sees sales of 120,000 copies.
出版界でも影響が広がる。月刊誌「歴史街道」は５年前には７万部未満だったが、１２万部に伸びた。
"The proportion of female readers has gone up from 15 percent of total readers to 40 percent," says editor-in-chief Kiyotaka Tatsumoto. The magazine's publisher, PHP Institute, revived publication of the biographies of warlords Date Masamune (1567-1636) and Uesugi Kenshin (1530-1578) in late March this year, and plans to revive publication of the biographies of Hosokawa Tadaoki (1563-1646) and Gamo Ujisato (1556-1595) due to popular demand.
辰本清隆編集長は「読者の女性比率が１５％から４０％に上がった」。ＰＨＰ研究所は絶版となっていた「伊達政宗」や「上杉謙信」などの伝記を今年３月末に復刊。好評のため「細川忠興（ただおき）」「蒲生氏郷（がもううじさと）」なども近く復刊する。
More unorthodox products have seen a boost in sales as well. There is a constant shortage in stock of Sido brand underwear or men's "armor" underwear, which cost a considerable 9,240 a pair. According to Tokyo-based manufacturer Rogin, about 80 percent of buyers are women.
"As a result of the history boom, our underwear seems to have gained popularity as gifts," says Rogin president Shiro Nogi. "We're planning to come out with a women's line, too."
変わったものも売れる。男性用の「甲冑（かっちゅう）パンツ」。９２４０円もするが常に品薄状態で、客の８割は女性だという。制作・販売会社「ログイン」（東京都）の野木志郎社長は「ブームの影響もあり、贈答用で人気が出たらしい。今後は女性用も手がける予定です」。
◇生き様のかっこよさ求める女性たち
So how do "reki-jo" differ from the original history buffs, who were mostly middle-aged men?
"In general, men relate battles and the management styles of warlords back to their own corporate environments, and try to use whatever they lessons they can to improve their own work lives," says Tetsuo Owada, a professor emeritus at Shizuoka University who has written over 100 books on the Warring States period.
"But for women, it's more about the admiration they feel towards the warlords' approach to their lives." Owada adds that this may be a backlash against what they see as the selfishness of political and financial leaders today.
歴女は元祖・歴史ファンの中高年男性とはどう違うのか。ＮＨＫ大河ドラマ「天地人」で時代考証を担当、戦国時代を巡る著書が１００冊を超える静岡大名誉教授、小和田哲男さんは言う。
「一般的に、男性は合戦や人の使い方を企業社会に結びつけて理解し、実際に役立てようとする。女性は武将の生き様のかっこよさに焦点を当てていく」
歴女が歴史上の人物に首ったけになる理由について、小和田さんはこうみる。
「政界でも財界でも、現代の指導者といわれる人々は、自分さえよければとの考えを持った人々が多い。女性たちはそこを嫌っているのかもしれない」
Meanwhile, researcher Tetsuaki Higashida from the Dentsu Communication Institute suggests that women are attracted to the masculinity of these warlords, compared to the more passive modern men that they know. "Gender role reversals have been taking place, with men cooking and women playing golf," he says. "It's not unacceptable nowadays for women to take an interest in warlords, which used to be an area of interest reserved for men."
一方、電通総研の東田哲明リサーチャーは「男性が『草食化』していると言われ、反動で女性たちは『力強さ』などを持つ戦国武将にひかれるのでは」と分析。「男性が料理をする、女性がゴルフをするなど『男女の逆転現象』も起きている。昔は男性の領域だった戦国武将を女性が趣味にしても、世間に受け入れられやすいことも背景にあるのでは」と話している。
毎日新聞 2009年6月9日 11時46分（最終更新 6月9日 13時03分）
New wave of 'history girls' wooed by warlords' masculinity
戦国史跡：「歴女」急増中 武将の男らしさに…
Young women are flocking to significant landmarks from the Warring States period, and college girls are buying up samurai-themed products. Sales of historical books are up, and there have been efforts to revive the publication of paperbacks on warlords. Behind this craze is the surge in "reki-jo" or "history girls." But why now?
歴史をテーマにした書店「時代屋」には「歴女」と呼ばれる女性たちが足を運ぶ＝東京都千代田区で２００９年５月２６日午後、佐々木順一撮影 戦国時代の史跡が若い女性たちでにぎわい、武将をテーマにしたグッズも女子大生らに人気だ。背景にあるのは、歴史好きの女性「レキジョ」（歴女）の増加。歴史を扱う本の売れ行きも好調で、武将を取り上げた文庫本を復刊する動きも出ている。なぜ、いまレキジョなのか。【田村彰子、遠藤拓】
On weekends, Jidai Shobo, a bookstore specializing in historical books in Tokyo's Chiyoda Ward, is packed with groups of young women. Most of the shop's customers were men when it first opened in February 2006, but by last year, half were women, of which around 90 percent are in their 20s and 30s.
０６年２月に開店した書店「歴史時代書房・時代屋」（東京都千代田区）は、週末になると若い女性のグループであふれかえる。開店当初は男性客が中心だったが、昨年は男女ほぼ同数に。女性客の９割は２０〜３０代という。
Stationery and mobile phone accessories with family crests of feudal lords line the shelves, with figurines of Sanada Yukimura, the most popular of the warlords, and others also for sale. "I like Kato Kiyomasa," says customer Izumi Sekine, 34, of a warlord who served the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. "There's an almost picture-perfect masculinity about him."
店内には、大名家の家紋をあしらった文具やストラップなどがズラリ。武将の中で一番人気という真田幸村などのフィギュアも人気を集める。江東区の会社員、関根いずみさん（３４）は「加藤清正が好き。絵に描いたような男らしさにひかれます」と笑顔を見せた。
In August 2008, the Kojuro Plaza opened in the city of Shiroishi in Miyagi Prefecture, home of Katakura Kojuro, a senior retainer of the 17th century warlord Date Masamune. Sales of Kojuro-related goods subsequently exceeded 100,000 yen on some days. Visitors to Shiroishi Castle during the week-long holiday in May jumped to 135 percent compared to the previous year, and most recent visitors have been young women, according to city officials. The tourist center in Ueda, Sanada Yukimura's hometown in Nagano Prefecture, has also enjoyed a jump in sales.
一方、伊達政宗の側近、片倉小十郎の地元・宮城県白石市。昨年８月、ＪＲ白石駅前に小十郎プラザを開設したところ、グッズの売り上げが１０万円以上に達した日もある。白石城の大型連休の入場者数は前年比１３５％。市によると、若い女性ばかりが訪れているという。幸村の地元・長野県上田市の市観光会館でも、関連グッズの売れ行きが好調だ。
The publishing business has felt the effects of this boom as well. Monthly magazine "Rekishi kaido" ("History way") had a circulation of less than 70,000 copies five years ago; now it sees sales of 120,000 copies.
出版界でも影響が広がる。月刊誌「歴史街道」は５年前には７万部未満だったが、１２万部に伸びた。
"The proportion of female readers has gone up from 15 percent of total readers to 40 percent," says editor-in-chief Kiyotaka Tatsumoto. The magazine's publisher, PHP Institute, revived publication of the biographies of warlords Date Masamune (1567-1636) and Uesugi Kenshin (1530-1578) in late March this year, and plans to revive publication of the biographies of Hosokawa Tadaoki (1563-1646) and Gamo Ujisato (1556-1595) due to popular demand.
辰本清隆編集長は「読者の女性比率が１５％から４０％に上がった」。ＰＨＰ研究所は絶版となっていた「伊達政宗」や「上杉謙信」などの伝記を今年３月末に復刊。好評のため「細川忠興（ただおき）」「蒲生氏郷（がもううじさと）」なども近く復刊する。
More unorthodox products have seen a boost in sales as well. There is a constant shortage in stock of Sido brand underwear or men's "armor" underwear, which cost a considerable 9,240 a pair. According to Tokyo-based manufacturer Rogin, about 80 percent of buyers are women.
"As a result of the history boom, our underwear seems to have gained popularity as gifts," says Rogin president Shiro Nogi. "We're planning to come out with a women's line, too."
変わったものも売れる。男性用の「甲冑（かっちゅう）パンツ」。９２４０円もするが常に品薄状態で、客の８割は女性だという。制作・販売会社「ログイン」（東京都）の野木志郎社長は「ブームの影響もあり、贈答用で人気が出たらしい。今後は女性用も手がける予定です」。
◇生き様のかっこよさ求める女性たち
So how do "reki-jo" differ from the original history buffs, who were mostly middle-aged men?
"In general, men relate battles and the management styles of warlords back to their own corporate environments, and try to use whatever they lessons they can to improve their own work lives," says Tetsuo Owada, a professor emeritus at Shizuoka University who has written over 100 books on the Warring States period.
"But for women, it's more about the admiration they feel towards the warlords' approach to their lives." Owada adds that this may be a backlash against what they see as the selfishness of political and financial leaders today.
歴女は元祖・歴史ファンの中高年男性とはどう違うのか。ＮＨＫ大河ドラマ「天地人」で時代考証を担当、戦国時代を巡る著書が１００冊を超える静岡大名誉教授、小和田哲男さんは言う。
「一般的に、男性は合戦や人の使い方を企業社会に結びつけて理解し、実際に役立てようとする。女性は武将の生き様のかっこよさに焦点を当てていく」
歴女が歴史上の人物に首ったけになる理由について、小和田さんはこうみる。
「政界でも財界でも、現代の指導者といわれる人々は、自分さえよければとの考えを持った人々が多い。女性たちはそこを嫌っているのかもしれない」
Meanwhile, researcher Tetsuaki Higashida from the Dentsu Communication Institute suggests that women are attracted to the masculinity of these warlords, compared to the more passive modern men that they know. "Gender role reversals have been taking place, with men cooking and women playing golf," he says. "It's not unacceptable nowadays for women to take an interest in warlords, which used to be an area of interest reserved for men."
一方、電通総研の東田哲明リサーチャーは「男性が『草食化』していると言われ、反動で女性たちは『力強さ』などを持つ戦国武将にひかれるのでは」と分析。「男性が料理をする、女性がゴルフをするなど『男女の逆転現象』も起きている。昔は男性の領域だった戦国武将を女性が趣味にしても、世間に受け入れられやすいことも背景にあるのでは」と話している。
毎日新聞 2009年6月9日 11時46分（最終更新 6月9日 13時03分）
2009年04月13日
発信箱：社歌＝落合博
(Mainichi Japan) April 12, 2009
Boosting spirits with the power of corporate song
発信箱：社歌＝落合博
An executive of a world-renowned company once told me: "We all sing our company's song when our baseball team wins a game. That feels so good. It brings us a sense of unity with the players and the company, and makes us proud of our company."
「世界の」を冠して呼ばれる企業の男性役員は真顔で言った。「うちの野球部が試合で勝った時、みんなで社歌を歌う。あれは気持ちいい。選手や会社との一体感があり、いい会社に勤めているなと思う」。
As I nodded, he asked me, "Does the Mainichi Newspapers have a company song?"
うなずいていたら、「毎日新聞には（社歌）ありますか」と質問された。
At another major company, employees sing their corporate song and recite the founder's creed at their workplace and factories every morning. One employee in his 30s said it felt strange when he first joined the company, but now he's fully used to it.
別の大企業では毎朝、職場や工場ごとに社歌を斉唱し、創業者の信条などを唱和する。３０代の男性社員は入社当時、戸惑ったそうだが、今ではすっかり慣れた。
"There's some invisible effect in it," he says.
「見えない効果がありますね」
When newcomers were asked what they thought the most unnecessary thing at their company was, the most common answer was the corporate song, described variously as "embarrassing" and "old-fashioned." However, the situation has changed of late.
会社の中で要らないものを新入社員に尋ねると、十数年前までワーストワンは社歌だった。「気恥ずかしい」「時代遅れ」が理由だろう。最近は事情が違うようだ。
In a book titled "Shaka" (Corporate songs, published by Bungei Shunju), corporate songs of about 40 major Japanese companies are listed, along with the history and episodes of each song. Since the lyrics of corporate songs reflect the spirit of the founders and management principles, they may be revised with the change of the times or corporate names.
「社歌」（文芸春秋）には、日本を代表する企業約４０社の社歌と制作事情などが紹介されている。歌詞には創業の精神、経営の理念などが込められていて、時代や社名変更に併せて改定されることもある。
"It's a philosophy etched in a musical score," says author Masazumi Yugari.
著者の弓狩匡純（ゆがりまさずみ）氏は「五線譜に刻み込まれたフィロソフィー」と書いている。
I listened to a CD titled "Shaka," released by King Records under Yugari's supervision, and was amazed by the diversity of corporate songs today -- ranging in style from J-pop, comic songs to rock. The image of corporate songs has changed.
弓狩氏が監修したＣＤ「社歌」（キングレコード）を聴いてみた。Ｊポップ風、コミックソング、ロック系などさまざま。イメージは変わった。
There's even a company that has embarked on a corporate song-making business. President Ryuichi Nishio says, "During a recession, everyone wants to get uplifted. Corporate songs help them improve their motivation."
社歌制作ビジネスに乗り出した会社もある。西尾竜一社長は「不況の時代、みんな元気になりたいと思っている。社歌はモチベーションアップにつながる」と話す。
The Mainichi Newspapers does have a corporate song. Kyukin Susukida, a prominent poet in the late Meiji Era and a Mainichi employee, wrote the lyrics: "The light shines from the eastern sky, we stand raising the star as our banner." Unfortunately, the song is not sung at our initiation ceremony for newcomers or other occasions, and it's left languishing on the shelf. (By Hiroshi Ochiai, Sports News Department)
毎日新聞にも社歌がある。明治後期を代表する詩人で、社員でもあった薄田泣菫（すすきだきゅうきん）が作詞を担当した。「光は東の空よりと かかぐる星の旗じるし……」と格調高い。残念ながら、入社式などで歌われることはなく、宝の持ち腐れになっている。（運動部）
毎日新聞 2009年4月11日 東京朝刊
Boosting spirits with the power of corporate song
発信箱：社歌＝落合博
An executive of a world-renowned company once told me: "We all sing our company's song when our baseball team wins a game. That feels so good. It brings us a sense of unity with the players and the company, and makes us proud of our company."
「世界の」を冠して呼ばれる企業の男性役員は真顔で言った。「うちの野球部が試合で勝った時、みんなで社歌を歌う。あれは気持ちいい。選手や会社との一体感があり、いい会社に勤めているなと思う」。
As I nodded, he asked me, "Does the Mainichi Newspapers have a company song?"
うなずいていたら、「毎日新聞には（社歌）ありますか」と質問された。
At another major company, employees sing their corporate song and recite the founder's creed at their workplace and factories every morning. One employee in his 30s said it felt strange when he first joined the company, but now he's fully used to it.
別の大企業では毎朝、職場や工場ごとに社歌を斉唱し、創業者の信条などを唱和する。３０代の男性社員は入社当時、戸惑ったそうだが、今ではすっかり慣れた。
"There's some invisible effect in it," he says.
「見えない効果がありますね」
When newcomers were asked what they thought the most unnecessary thing at their company was, the most common answer was the corporate song, described variously as "embarrassing" and "old-fashioned." However, the situation has changed of late.
会社の中で要らないものを新入社員に尋ねると、十数年前までワーストワンは社歌だった。「気恥ずかしい」「時代遅れ」が理由だろう。最近は事情が違うようだ。
In a book titled "Shaka" (Corporate songs, published by Bungei Shunju), corporate songs of about 40 major Japanese companies are listed, along with the history and episodes of each song. Since the lyrics of corporate songs reflect the spirit of the founders and management principles, they may be revised with the change of the times or corporate names.
「社歌」（文芸春秋）には、日本を代表する企業約４０社の社歌と制作事情などが紹介されている。歌詞には創業の精神、経営の理念などが込められていて、時代や社名変更に併せて改定されることもある。
"It's a philosophy etched in a musical score," says author Masazumi Yugari.
著者の弓狩匡純（ゆがりまさずみ）氏は「五線譜に刻み込まれたフィロソフィー」と書いている。
I listened to a CD titled "Shaka," released by King Records under Yugari's supervision, and was amazed by the diversity of corporate songs today -- ranging in style from J-pop, comic songs to rock. The image of corporate songs has changed.
弓狩氏が監修したＣＤ「社歌」（キングレコード）を聴いてみた。Ｊポップ風、コミックソング、ロック系などさまざま。イメージは変わった。
There's even a company that has embarked on a corporate song-making business. President Ryuichi Nishio says, "During a recession, everyone wants to get uplifted. Corporate songs help them improve their motivation."
社歌制作ビジネスに乗り出した会社もある。西尾竜一社長は「不況の時代、みんな元気になりたいと思っている。社歌はモチベーションアップにつながる」と話す。
The Mainichi Newspapers does have a corporate song. Kyukin Susukida, a prominent poet in the late Meiji Era and a Mainichi employee, wrote the lyrics: "The light shines from the eastern sky, we stand raising the star as our banner." Unfortunately, the song is not sung at our initiation ceremony for newcomers or other occasions, and it's left languishing on the shelf. (By Hiroshi Ochiai, Sports News Department)
毎日新聞にも社歌がある。明治後期を代表する詩人で、社員でもあった薄田泣菫（すすきだきゅうきん）が作詞を担当した。「光は東の空よりと かかぐる星の旗じるし……」と格調高い。残念ながら、入社式などで歌われることはなく、宝の持ち腐れになっている。（運動部）
毎日新聞 2009年4月11日 東京朝刊