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2018年07月21日

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 20

A:Cognitive information 1 is 3 conditioned reflex, Cognitive information 2 is 1 old information and Cognitive information 3 is 2 from unresolved to reasoning.
B:Cognitive information 1 is 3 conditioned reflex, Cognitive information 2 is 2 new information and Cognitive information 3 is 2 from unresolved to reasoning.
C:Cognitive information 1 is 3 conditioned reflex, Cognitive information 2 is 1 old information and Cognitive information 3 is 2 from unresolved to reasoning.
D:Cognitive information 1 is 1 base and profile, Cognitive information 2 is 2 new information and Cognitive information 3 is 1 from plan to resolution.
E:Cognitive information 1 is 1 base and profile, Cognitive information 2 is 2 new information and Cognitive information 3 is 1 from plan to resolution.

Result

Zushio automatically takes the external information in this scene and is proceeding from unresolved to reasoning. Therefore, the combination of feelings and behavior interacts with each other.

5 Conclusion

First I took a story of acceptance and synergy of “Sansho the Bailiff” by Ogai Mori to examine the brain activity of writing a novel. Second, I made a database of Model L and finally confirmed the content via experiment. This allowed me to get results about the study of a synergic metaphor.

Reference

Yoshihisa Hanamura. Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff” of Ogai Mori (in Japanese). in the Program of Japanese education for Chinese. Nanjing Southeast University Press, 2017,
91 - 116.

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 19

Cognitive process of feelings and behavior

The same as above

A: Zushio sat on fallen leaves and cried alone while thinking that Anju must have felt cold under the sea wind, because he felt cold even in the mountains.
そこでまた落ち葉の上にすわって、山でさえこんなに寒い、浜辺に行った姉さまは、さぞ潮風が寒かろうと、ひとり涙をこぼしていた。
Cog.Info.1 Cog.Info.2 Cog.Info.3 3 1 2 

B: After the sun rose, another person walked by to go down the mountain and asked, “Are you also a servant? How much firewood do you cut a day?”
日がよほど昇ってから、柴を背負って麓へ降りるほかの樵が通りかかって、「お前も大夫のところの奴か、柴は日に何荷苅るのか」と問うた。

Cog.Info.1 Cog.Info.2 Cog.Info.3 3 2 2
C: Zushio said with honesty, “I must cut three stumps a day, but have still not done any yet.”
「日に三荷苅るはずの柴を、まだ少しも苅りませぬ」と厨子王は正直に言った。
Cog.Info.1 Cog.Info.2 Cog.Info.3 3 1 2

D: “If you must cut three stumps a day, you should cut two until noon. I will teach you how to cut.” The person took the axe and quickly cut one.
「日に三荷の柴ならば、午までに二荷苅るがいい。柴はこうして苅るものじゃ。」樵は我が荷をおろして置いて、すぐに一荷苅ってくれた。
Cog.Info.1 Cog.Info.2 Cog.Info.3 1 2 1

E: Zushio changed his mood and would cut a stump by noon, and then cut another in the afternoon.
厨子王は気を取り直して、ようよう午までに一荷苅り、午からまた一荷苅った。
Cog.Info.1 Cog.Info.2 Cog.Info.3 1 2 1

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 18

【Relational analysis 2】
Cognitive information 1 (sensory information)
 
 I note the information from sensory organ to consider how it is received. The feelings based on memory are related to amygdala, therefore emotions are clear on the surface subconsciously. The properties of columns in the process are 1 base and profile, 2 grouping, 3 conditioned reflex.
 
Cognitive information 2 (memory and learning)
 
 I build the external information into an existing knowledge structure. The new knowledge is named schema and the property common to existing information. The unknown information is also categorized. The process is learning through experience. The properties of columns in the process are 1 old information and 2 new information.

Cognitive information 3 (plan, problem resolution, reasoning)

 The collected information is available to develop a plan. At this time, I analyze the problem for any purpose and search the resolution. However, if the collected information is not perfect, the reasoning is necessary. The properties of columns in this process are 1 from plan to resolution, 2 from unresolved to reasoning.

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 17

Formula in a synergy of text

Step 1: I see the combination of emotion (SEM 1, 2, 3) and awe (SEM 4) as feelings, and make an analytic combination “feelings and behavior” by including gesture (SEM 5).
Step 2: I take the combination “feelings and behavior” from hygienic property and adjust it to the analytic combination.
A:I adjust the combination of feelings (3 sorrow+5 touch+1 inducement+1 strong awe) and behavior (1 ostension) to the hygienic combination of external factor 1 (that homeostasis breaks down) and behavior 1 (tears).
B:I adjust the combination of feelings (3 sorrow+[1 eyesight+2 hearing]+1 inducement+3 no item) and behavior (1 ostension) to the hygienic combination of maintaining homeostasis 3 and behavior 1 (do nothing).
C:I adjust the combination of feelings (3 sorrow+1 eyesight+1 inducement+1 strong awe) and behavior (1 ostension) to the hygienic combination of external factor 1 (that homeostasis breaks down) and behavior 1 (Zushio doesn’t mow a lawn) .  
D:I adjust the combination of feelings (3 sorrow+[1 eyesight+2 hearing+5 touch]+1 inducement+3 no item) and behavior (1 ostension) to the hygienic combination of maintaining homeostasis 3 and behavior 2 (risk avoidance).
E:I adjust the combination of feelings (4 pleasure+[1 eyesight+5 touch]+2 emergence+1 strong awe) and behavior (1 ostension) to the hygienic combination of maintaining homeostasis 3 and behavior 1 (Zushio mows a lawn).

Result
 
The formula of textual synergy (see 3.2) is applied to table 6.

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 16

Analytical example

1 Anju and Zushio are working under a directive of Sansho the Bailiff.
2 This article sees the brain activity of Ogai as inducement in the writing of “Sansho the Bailiff”, therefore I note the flow of thought from external to internal in SEM 3.
3 I compare strong awe to weak awe.
4 I compare his ostensive behavior to ironic one.
5 If the feelings is the factor that breaks down homeostasis, any behavior occurs from there and if homeostasis doesn’t break down, it is maintained.
6 SEM 1: 1 delight, 2 anger, 3 sorrow, 4 pleasure, SEM 2: 1 eyesight, 2 hearing, 3 taste, 4 smell, 5 touch, SEM 3: 1 inducement, 2 emergence, SEM 4: 1 strong, 2 weak, 3 no item, SEM 5: 1 ostension, 2 irony.
7 Artificial intelligence hygiene 1: when homeostasis breaks down; 1 external factor (physics, society), 2 internal factor (psychology, emotion, physiology, body), 3 no item (maintaining homeostasis), artificial intelligence hygiene 2: 1 behavior, 2 expert (risk avoidance), 3 no item.

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 15

[Relational analysis 1]

Image between acceptance and synergy

Anju and Zushio are working under a directive of Sansho the Bailiff

A:Zushio sat on fallen leaves and cried alone while thinking that Anju must have felt cold under the sea wind, because he felt cold even in the mountains.
そこでまた落ち葉の上にすわって、山でさえこんなに寒い、浜辺に行った姉さまは、さぞ潮風が寒かろうと、ひとり涙をこぼしていた。
SEM1 SEM2 SEM3 SEM4 SEM5 AI1 AI2 3 5 1 1 1 1 1

B: After the sun rose, another person walked by to go down the mountain and asked, “Are you also a servant? How much firewood do you cut a day?”
日がよほど昇ってから、柴を背負って麓へ降りるほかの樵が通りかかって、「お前も大夫のところの奴か、柴は日に何荷苅るのか」と問うた。
SEM1 SEM2 SEM3 SEM4 SEM5 AI1 AI2 3 1+2 1 3 1 3 1

C: Zushio said with honesty, “I must cut three stumps a day, but have still not done any yet.”
「日に三荷苅るはずの柴を、まだ少しも苅りませぬ」と厨子王は正直に言った。
SEM1 SEM2 SEM3 SEM4 SEM5 AI1 AI2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

D: “If you must cut three stumps a day, you should cut two until noon. I will teach you how to cut.” The person took the axe and quickly cut one.
「日に三荷の柴ならば、午までに二荷苅るがいい。柴はこうして苅るものじゃ。」樵は我が荷をおろして置いて、すぐに一荷苅ってくれた。
SEM1 SEM2 SEM3 SEM4 SEM5 AI1 AI2 3 1+2 +5 1 3 1 3 2

E: Zushio changed his mood and would cut a stump by noon, and then cut another in the afternoon.
厨子王は気を取り直して、ようよう午までに一荷苅り、午からまた一荷苅った。
SEM1 SEM2 SEM3 SEM4 SEM5 AI1 AI2 4 1+5 2 1 1 3 1

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 14

[How to make a database]

Table 4 Columns of database

Item name Grammar 1, Content Case of noun, Description I consider how Ogai uses cases in Japanese.
Item name Grammar 2, Content Voice, Description Active, passive and causative.
Item name Grammar 3, Content Tense, aspect, Description Present, preterit, future, progressive, perfec
Item name Semantics 3, Content Flow of thought, Description From external to internal (inducement), from internal to external (emergence).
Item name Semantics 4, Content Awe, Description Continuous thinking seen in feelings.
Item name Semantics 5, Content Gesture, Description Ostension and irony.

Item name Medical, Content Connection to Ogai, Description Connection between acceptance and synergy. Here is the medical information to link the combination of analysis and pathography.

Item name Cognitive information 1, Content How to receive sensory information, Description I focus on the information from sensory organs and question how things are perceived. For example, base and profile, grouping or conditioned reflex.

Item name Cognitive information 2, Content Memory and learning, Description I incorporate the information from the outside into an existing knowledge structure. At the same time, categorize the unknown information. It is related to learning. This is the memory type as the existing knowledge. Short memory, working memory and long memory (declarative and non-declarative).

Item name Cognitive information 3, Content Plan, problem resolution, reasoning, Description The received information is available to develop a plan. I analyze the problem for any purpose and search the resolution. If the received information isn’t perfect, the reasoning is necessary.

Item name Artificial intelligence Hygiene 1, Content Expert system, Description I divide the factors that break out homeostasis into external and internal, and derive any emotions from there.

Item name Artificial intelligence Hygiene 2, Content Expert system, Description I focus on the behavior towards risk avoidance.

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 13

4 How to make a database

 I will explain how to make a database. The early columns (from grammar 1 to semantics 5) of the database is the analytic data of syntax and semantics (linguistic cognitive process) and the later columns (from medical information to artificial intelligence) is the generative data of information (information cognitive process). The database tentatively reflects Model L (acceptance and synergy). The numbers in the database represents the characters in a novel.
 When making a database, it is difficult to set synergic columns. The acceptance analyzes the syntax and semantics of each language, and only makes combinations. But the synergy deals with the brain activity based on the intellectual property of an author, therefore the columns of the database will fluctuate depending on the author.

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 12

Cause Description
External stressor Physical: change of temperature, noise, fever, radiation, high and low sound etc.
Social: change of economic atmosphere, human relationship etc.
Internal stressor Psychological: tension, anxiety, distress, impatience, anger, hatred etc.
Physiological: fatigue, insomnia, health problem etc.

 Homeostasis has a mechanism to put slight changes back in place. Therefore the balance of the body is able to maintain good health. For example, temperature, blood pressure, body fluid, exclusion of virus, repair of a wound and so on. 
 The analysis of L due to acceptance and synergy considers the flow of thought from internal to external and vice versa, and then does the ascription of the emotion such as emergence and inducement. The broader concept of feelings from emotion and awe correlates with a behavior. The feelings and the behavior are a natural combination because the emotion has the ability to drive people to a behavior. (emotion [inducement + emergence] + awe = feelings →behavior)
 On the other hand, I consider industrial fatigue by mental cause from a hygienic standpoint of view. When one suffers stress from work, feelings such as pleasure-unpleasure and likes-dislikes arise momentary and continuously. One can understand this from the behavior exhibited, and when we see the facial expression and the behavior, we can see the tired-look. (fatigue → feelings [momentary + continuously]→behavior)
For example, one example was a virial ear infection that caused severe ear pain in otitis. The sound on the street became very noisy for him and he felt frustrated and seeked a quiet environment. If he would receive early treatment, it might be good, but when it’s not so, the inflammation becomes chronic and a concentration breaks up and he will be antisocial. Therefore, diseases can create combinations such as feelings and behavior.

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳 translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

Study to make a database of “Sansho the Bailiff of Ogai Mori” 11

3.2 Feelings and behavior viewed from Hygiene

 Ogai researched hygiene in medicine. He published “Hygienic general drift” from the publisher Hakubunkan in 1907 and collected the research content in Germany from a standpoint of population health. Population health is the learning stemming from the knowledge, theory and technology to retain human health. It consists of personal hygiene and collective hygiene, and individual persons and regional groups are the subject of study. Here I search external and internal factors of diseases and connect the feelings to the behavior.
There is very few hygienic statistics from the Meiji period, but “Hygienic general drift” describes the development, number of patients, number of deaths, cause of infection and the prevention method and so on regarding epidemic diseases at the time. On the other hand, current hygiene promotes health activities efficiently based on scientific evidence such as hygienic statistics. Health maintenance needs to understand the pathogeny to prevent the cause.
 For example, what does stress arise from? People have homeostasis which consists of autonomic nerve to adjust the body’s action, endocrine secretion of hormone and immunity to protect the body from foreign matters. People’s mental activity is considered a disease status when these three functions lose balance. Therefore, the systems don’t interact properly with each other causing the hypothalamic area of the brain to excessively receives stressors, and the orders don’t transfer throughout the whole body.

花村嘉英(2017)「森鴎外の『山椒大夫』のデータベース化とその分析」より英訳
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花村嘉英
花村嘉英(はなむら よしひさ) 1961年生まれ、立教大学大学院文学研究科博士後期課程(ドイツ語学専攻)在学中に渡独。 1989年からドイツ・チュービンゲン大学に留学し、同大大学院新文献学部博士課程でドイツ語学・言語学(意味論)を専攻。帰国後、技術文(ドイツ語、英語)の機械翻訳に従事する。 2009年より中国の大学で日本語を教える傍ら、比較言語学(ドイツ語、英語、中国語、日本語)、文体論、シナジー論、翻訳学の研究を進める。テーマは、データベースを作成するテキスト共生に基づいたマクロの文学分析である。 著書に「計算文学入門−Thomas Mannのイロニーはファジィ推論といえるのか?」(新風舎:出版証明書付)、「从认知语言学的角度浅析鲁迅作品−魯迅をシナジーで読む」(華東理工大学出版社)、「日本語教育のためのプログラム−中国語話者向けの教授法から森鴎外のデータベースまで(日语教育计划书−面向中国人的日语教学法与森鸥外小说的数据库应用)」南京東南大学出版社、「从认知语言学的角度浅析纳丁・戈迪默-ナディン・ゴーディマと意欲」華東理工大学出版社、「計算文学入門(改訂版)−シナジーのメタファーの原点を探る」(V2ソリューション)、「小説をシナジーで読む 魯迅から莫言へーシナジーのメタファーのために」(V2ソリューション)がある。 論文には「論理文法の基礎−主要部駆動句構造文法のドイツ語への適用」、「人文科学から見た技術文の翻訳技法」、「サピアの『言語』と魯迅の『阿Q正伝』−魯迅とカオス」などがある。 学術関連表彰 栄誉証書 文献学 南京農業大学(2017年)、大連外国語大学(2017年)
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